A.A. Ovchinnikov’s works on nonlinear dynamics and augmentations

This work is a tribute to fond memories of Aleksandr Anatol’evich Ovchinnikov, which touches upon only one of his multifaceted scientific activities, the dynamics of nonlinear systems, more specifically, its practical applications to the vibrational spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules and molecular crystals. A.A. Ovchinnikov was the first to predict and explain a number of peculiarities in the positions and intensity of lines in IR spectra. It was demonstrated that these peculiarities are associated with a substantial nonequilibrium in the population of vibrationally excited states: because of the nonlinearity of the interaction of atoms, the dynamic behavior of such systems may results in the localization of energy on certain vibrational modes. A.A. Ovchinnikov analyzed in detail possible cases and made predictions, which were confirmed experimentally 20 years later. Results of our recent studies are also briefly outlined, studies that cannot be considered a direct continuation of A.A. Ovchinnikov’s work, but which are nevertheless influenced by his ideas and by the results of our joint works.     

Comment on ‘Cr LVV Auger emission and photoreduction of hexavalent Cr oxides by A.G. Schrott,G.S. Frankel,A.J. Davenport,H.S. Isaacs,C.V. Jahnes and M.A. Russak’

A paper by Schrott et al. [Surf. Sci. 250 (1991) 139] on the Auger Cr LVV spectra of Al/Cr alloys is commented on.The area of major disagreement regards the hypothesis that Al-alloying suppresses the Cr LVV decay. It is pointed out that the surface chemical composition of the alloys should be considered in detail, and that instrumental factors and the presence of surface contamination would account for the negligible Cr LVV intensity.     

Large Deviations, Guerra’s and A.S.S. Schemes, and the Parisi Hypothesis

We investigate the problem of computing $$\lim_{N \to \infty}\frac{1}{aN}\log EZ_N^a$$ for any value of a, where Z _N is the partition function of the celebrated Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model, or of some of its natural generalizations. This is a natural “large deviation” problem. Its study helps to get a fresh look at some of the recent ideas introduced in the area, and raises a number of natural questions. We provide a complete solution for a ≥ 0.     

Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks,by A. Barrat,M. Barthélemy and A. Vespignani

The present state of theory and experiment on the gravity-induced electric field in metallic conductors and the electric field in accelerated metal conductors is reviewed. The relevant equations are derived in very simple approximations. The results depend on whether the deformation of the lattice of positive ions is neglected or is taken into account. Experimental results obtained with freely falling electrons in a cavity in the metal do not agree with the measurements of potentials on rapidly spinning metal rotors. Older direct measurements of the specific charge of carriers in metallic conductors are also mentioned.     

V.A. Fassel

V.A.Fassel是美国依阿华州立大学已退休的名誉教授,美国能源部Ames试验室杰出的学者,1988年获美国化学会分析化学奖。Perkin-Elmer公司资助奖励,促进了光谱化学的发展和进步。1986年他获4000美元奖金,在美国化学会1988年9月25～30日在洛杉矶举行的秋季会议上颁发一个奖牌。Fassel早在学生时代的化学竞争中名列前茅荣获冠军,得到200美元奖金,使他有可能进入大学继续深造。Fassel在国内和国外得到     

Symmetry and Condensed Matter Physics – A Computational Approach,by M. El-Batanouny and F. Wooten

The behaviour of positrons below the inelastic collision threshold in rare gases can usually be completely accounted for in terms of the annihilation and elastic scattering cross sections for collisions between a positron and a single gas atom. Determining these cross sections has been the subject of many theoretical and experimental investigations. However the basic premise that the positron interacts with the gas atoms, one at a time, has been recently questioned by the yet unexplained results of some low-temperature experiments. This article discusses the annihilation and elastic scattering cross sections as they relate to the conventional picture of positrons in He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe gas; as well as the possibility of bound states for positrons in the gases at low temperatures.     

Analysis on Mural Structures and Components of the Tombs in Liao Dynasty (A.D. 907–A.D. 1125)

The compositions of plaster, pigments, and binding medium were identified using micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray, and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The results show that the plaster was calcium carbonate; the red color was ascribed to hematite; the blue pigment was ultramarine; the black pigment was carbon; and the yellow pigment was litharge. Animal glue as the binding medium was mixed in the pigments. Dissolved salt (mirabilite) was confirmed on the tomb passage. The mural detachment was detected with portable infrared thermal imager, and this damage resulted from the soil layer. This will serve as the basis for repairing the murals and reliable methods for identifying ancient murals.     

‘Factors of ignorance’ and the rationalized M.K.S.A. system of units

An attempt is made, by means of an allusive (rather than a systematic) historical account of the development of the subject, to exhibit the essentially unique character of the rationalized M.K.S.A. system of units. The establishment of this system involved one arbitrary decision—the determination to retain unaltered the size of the previously accepted unit of current. Thereafter, any choice of derived units, other than the choice actually made, would have destroyed the basic symmetry of the formulation.     

Determinant Bundle in a Family of Curves,¶after A. Beilinson and V. Schechtman

Let π:X→S be a smooth projective family of curves over a smooth base S over a field of characteristic 0, together with a bundle E on X. Then A. Beilinson and V. Schechtman define in [1] a beautiful “trace complex” on X, the 0^th relative cohomology of which describes the Atiyah algebra of the determinant bundle of E on S. Their proof reduces the general case to the acyclic one. In particular, one needs a comparison of for F≡A and F≡E(D), where D is étale over S (see Theorem 2.3.1, reduction ii) in [1]). In this note, we analyze this reduction in more detail and correct a point. Received: 17 October 1999 / Accepted: 29 November 1999     

James A.Holcombe

James A.Holcombe于1970年在美国科罗拉多学院取得学士学位,1974年在密歇根大学取得哲学博士学位。至此以后一直在美国南部得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校化学系从事教学与研究工作。1984～1985年间曾任美国全国科学财团化学部主任,他也是Jade系统公司的创始人之一并任副董事长。     

Comment on ‘Lifetime broadening in angle-resolved photoemission’ by A.B. McLean,C.E.J. Mitchell and I.G. Hill

In a recent letter [A.B. McLean, C.E.J. Mitchell and I.G. Hill, Surf. Sci. 314 (1994) L925] it was suggested that life-time broadening alone could explain why surface state photoemission line-widths have been observed to increase as the initial states approach the Fermi level. I wish to point out that the used model is unphysical, that the agreement with experimental data is quite fortuitous, and that the experimental observations are satisfactorily understood in terms of established models.     

Comment on “Random Quantum Circuits are Approximate 2-designs” by A.W. Harrow and R.A. Low (Commun. Math. Phys. 291, 257–302 (2009))

In [A.W. Harrow and R.A. Low, Commun. Math. Phys. 291(1):257–302 (2009)], it was shown that a quantum circuit composed of random 2-qubit gates converges to an approximate quantum 2-design in polynomial time. We point out and correct a flaw in one of the paper’s main arguments. Our alternative argument highlights the role played by transpositions induced by the random gates in achieving convergence.     

俄国物理学家A.M.普罗霍罗夫去世

20 0 2年 1月 8日著名俄国物理学家Ａ .Ｍ .普罗霍罗夫在莫斯科的家中去逝 ,终年 85岁 .普罗霍罗夫和俄国物理学家巴索夫及美国物理学家汤斯一起 ,由于发明微波激射器和量子电子学方面开创性的工作 ,获得了196 4年诺贝尔物理奖 .普罗霍罗夫 1916年 7月 11日生于奥大利亚的昆士兰州 .192 3年和家人一起回到祖国前苏联 .他 1939年毕业于国立列宁格勒大学物理系 ,毕业后到莫斯科列别捷夫物理研究所当研究生 .他曾参加卫国战争 (第二次世界大战 )并两次受伤 ,后复原到列别捷夫物理研究所工作 .195 1年他在列别捷夫物理研究所获得博士学位 .2 0世…     

Development of A. N. Terenin’s Ideas at Tomsk State University: Stages and Personalia

Russian Physics Journal - The stages of development of molecular photonics at Tomsk State University are presented. It was A. N. Terenin’s student, N. A. Prilezhaeva, who pioneered the...     

無線电发明家A.C.波波夫——纪念A.C.波波夫誕辰一百周年

无线电发明家A.C.波波夫是俄国卓越的学者和教育家。他于1859年3月16日生于乌拉尔的土尔音斯克村,今年3月16日正好是他诞生一百周年纪念。他的父亲是一位牧师。波波夫少年时代,由于家境贫因,只得入彼尔姆斯克的教会学校念书,这是当时唯一免费的学校。中学毕业之后,1877年到达彼得堡,入彼得堡大学的数理学系深造。那时电工技术还是一个新的尖端技术部门,波波夫对它特别感兴趣。在学生时代,他就开始独立钻研,并积极地参加了当时重新建立的俄国技术协会电工小组的工作。