All-optical frequency multiplication/recovery based on a semiconductor optical amplifier ring cavity

A novel scheme for all-optical frequency multiplication/recovery based on a semiconductor optical amplifier ring cavity is proposed and investigated numerically. The results show, for a 2.5 GHz driving pulse train, it can be generated 5-25 GHz repetition rate pulse trains with low clock amplitude jitter, polarization independence and high peak power. Furthermore, the extraction of the clock signal from a pseudorandom bit sequence signal can be realized based on the proposed scheme.     

Superior signal-to-noise ratio of a new AA1 sequence for random-modulation continuous-wave lidar

In an earlier work [Proc. SPIE 4484, 216 (2001)] we proposed a new AA1 modulation sequence for random-modulation continuous-wave lidar. It possesses significantly better signal properties than other pseudorandom codes (the M, A1, and A2 sequences). We derive and compare the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the new AA1 sequence with those of previous modulation sequences. Using a figure of merit proposed for pseudorandom sequences in additive (and generally colored) noise, we show that the SNR of the AA1 sequence in 1/f noise can be as much as 50 times better than that of the commonly used M sequence. This improved SNR should permit as much as a 7:1 increase of the maximum lidar sensing range in baseband-modulation direct-detection infrared lidar with no significant changes to the transmitter and receiver.     

基于交织序列的偏振方向映射方法

偏振方向是偏振成像技术中的基本信息之一,能够反映出场景物体表面的方向信息,因此场景中偏振方向的分布对场景信息的解译有着重要的作用。传统的偏振方向表示方法存在着二维或三维信息映射方法的映射结果维度较高和由映射关系的距离相关性低而引起的映射方法噪声鲁棒性低问题。提出了具有距离保持特性的基于交织序列的偏振方向信息一维数值映射方法。选择从斯托克斯矢量分量中提取方向信息作为偏振方向的二维映射方法,再基于交织序列方法将二维数据映射为一维数值;之后研究了距离保持特性与映射方法对噪声鲁棒性的关系,并分析了该文所提出的偏振方向映射方法与传统偏振角映射方法的距离保持特性;进行了仿真实验与真实场景实验。仿真实验中,该文所提方法映射结果的PSNR均值相较于偏振映射方法提升了6%;真实场景实验中,该文方法映射结果相较于斯托克斯矢量映射方法降低了信息维度,相较于偏角映射方法,NMF特征的NRPSNR均值提升约14%,证明了所提出的映射方法具有低信息维度及较好的噪声鲁棒性。     

一种符号阵列编码结构光三维检测方法

编码结构光检测技术是一种主动视觉方法,利用投射的模式光,通过三角原理获得深度信息。根据伪随机阵列的特性,提出了一种可用于检测场景目标的一次投射模式的结构光三维检测方法。符号的拐点、交叉点比传统的基于伪随机序列及M阵列模式提供了更多的检测点。符号阵列能够提供足够多的码字使所有的子模式获得全局唯一性。基于符号链分解算法及角度变化的轮廓特征,解码方法能够识别绝大多数码字。重建实验表明可以对一定曲面变化的物体进行检测,并能重建其形廓。     

10 and 20 Gb/s all-optical RZ to NRZ modulation format and wavelength converter based on nonlinear optical loop mirror

We present experimental and theoretical results on all-optical 10 and 20 Gb/s RZ to NRZ modulation format and wavelength converter based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). A vector model of converter was developed and the shape of converted pulses was found analytically for particular choice of polarization states. In the experiment, non-zero dispersion shifted fiber with a length 1200 m was used as a nonlinear medium. Pulses from a 10 GHz mode-locked semiconductor laser diode were modulated to form pseudorandom RZ signal and eventually time division multiplexed to 20 Gb/s. RZ pulses were subsequently converted to NRZ signal. The performance of the converter was evaluated experimentally using the data communication analyzer and bit error ratio tester.     

A new image encryption algorithm based on chaos

In this letter, we introduce a new image encryption algorithm based on iterating chaotic maps. Using the pseudorandom sequence generated by a group of one dimensional chaotic maps, the proposed algorithm realizes fast encryption and decryption of both gray-scale image and true color image. Moreover, the rounds of encryption could be set by the user. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation prove the proposed algorithm effective and secure.     

利用变偏振光谱技术实现显微成像深度选择

在正交偏振光谱(OPS)微循环成像系统的基础上,提出了通过改变信号光的偏振态来实现成像深度的选择。传统的OPS系统利用的是正交线偏振光,只能获得图像在某一断层的二维信息,但作者通过控制系统起、检偏单元椭圆偏振光的椭圆度,可以在不进行机械扫描的情况下将成像光束聚焦在不同的断层,从而获得不同深度处的组织信息。构建的变偏振光谱成像系统将光源发射光谱与红血球吸收光谱相匹配,可以实现微血管的探测,且具有较高的信噪比。对一块含标记物的猪肉脂肪进行实验,并通过图像处理得到了对比度与信号光偏振态间的定量关系。实验结果表明：椭圆度由0°～45°增大,即从线偏振光向圆偏振光转变的过程中,对比度逐渐增大,可探测到的最大深度增大。最后利用该系统,对裸鼠耳廓微血管进行了变偏振光谱测量实验,实验证明了控制偏振态可以实现对血管不同深度的探测,为微血管断层光谱成像提供了一种新的研究手段。     

基于激光偏振特性的水下声信号探测方法研究

水下航行体辐射的声波传播到水-空气分界面上时,会在水表面形成微扰,使水表面元产生微倾角.提出一种利用激光偏振特性对水下声信号进行探测的方法,不直接利用散射光强信息,而是利用激光在布儒斯特角附近入射水表面时,反射光偏振特性随入射角剧烈变化的特点对水表面微扰进行高精度探测.建立了该方法的理论模型,得到了入射波、出射波垂直分...     

A new pseudorandom number generator based on a complex number chaotic equation

In recent years, various chaotic equation based pseudorandom number generators have been proposed. However, the chaotic equations are all defined in the real number field. In this paper, an equation is proposed and proved to be chaotic in the imaginary axis. And a pseudorandom number generator is constructed based on the chaotic equation. The alteration of the definitional domain of the chaotic equation from the real number field to the complex one provides a new approach to the construction of chaotic equations, and a new method to generate pseudorandom number sequences accordingly. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the sequences generated by the proposed pseudorandom number generator possess many good properties.     

Digital signal processing for coherent multi-level modulation formats

This paper presents a review on the recent progress of digital signal processing （DSP） in the high-speed optical transmission system using single-carrier based multi-level modulation formats. The principle of several digital phase and polarization tracking algorithms recently proposed and demonstrated for future spectrally-efficient optical transmission system are discussed in detail. A novel DSP-based interference mitigation algorithm for the single-ended coherent receiver has been included. Recent technology advance on transmitter-side DSP such as digital pulse-shaping, pre-equalization and digital nonlinear compensation has also been discussed.     

A new pseudorandom number generator based on complex number chaotic equation

In recent years, various chaotic equation based pseudorandom number generators have been proposed, however, the chaotic equations are all defined in the real number field. In this paper, an equation is proposed and proved to be chaotic in the imaginary axis. And a pseudorandom number generator is constructed based on the chaotic equation. The alteration of the definitional domain of the chaotic equation from the real number field to the complex one provides a new approach to the construction of chaotic equations, and a new method to generate pseudorandom number sequences accordingly. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the sequences generated by the proposed pseudorandom number generator possess many good properties.     

Coupled frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator based on polarization modulation and polarization multiplexing

A coupled frequency-doubling optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which is constructed based on the perfect combination of polarization modulation and polarization multiplexing. A fundamental microwave signal at 9.95 GHz or a frequency-doubled microwave signal at 19.9 GHz is generated with a wavelength-independent sidemode-suppression ratio (SMSR) as high as 78 dB obtained. The phase noise of the generated 19.9-GHz signal is ? 103.45 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz frequency offset, indicating a good short-term stability. The proposed scheme is simple and flexible, which can find applications in radars and wireless communications.     

在轨空间目标光学特性宏观表征模型的反演重构

为了在天基远距离条件下反演三轴稳定空间目标表面的光学特性参数,提出了基于可见光时序光度信号分析的光学特性宏观表征模型的反演重构方法.首先,综合考虑空间目标的结构特性、表面材料特性、帆板的对日指向运动特性、光照观测几何以及光学系统特性,完善了面向在轨观测的空间目标可见光时序光度建模方法;其次,将光度模型等效为双面模型,并利用双向反射分布函数(BRDF)的多级融合模型表征复杂材料表面的光学反射特性,将BRDF对应的面积反射率乘积作为待反演参数;最后,以时序光度信号的测量值与模型值之间的差异最小为优化目标,建立线性优化方法,实现模型参数的反演.仿真实验表明,提出的模型在轨重构方法对于近轨观测条件下的本体、帆板信号的重构精度达到97%以上,验证了方法的正确性.     

Microwave Photonic Phase Shifter Based on an Integrated Dual-polarization Dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator without Optical Filter

ABSTRACT

A frequency-doubled microwave photonic phase shifter (MPPS) without optical filter is proposed. The MPPS is based on an integrated dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM) and a polarization modulator (PolM). The DP-DPMZM with a 90° polarization rotator in one arm is used to generate an optical carrier suppressed double sideband (OCS-DSB) signal with orthogonal polarization, and the PolM with two modes opposite phase modulation is used to introduce the optical phase shift between the two orthogonally polarized tones. Simulations show that the MPPS can realize a continuously tunable phase shift of 360° with only one DC bias voltage, and is not sensitive to the optical carrier wavelength and microwave signal frequency since no optical filter is used.     

Statistical tests and chaotic synchronization based pseudorandom number generator for string bit sequences with application to image encryption

Recently, a stream encryption scheme using d-bit segment sequences has been proposed. This scheme may generate key avalanche effect. The randomness tests of d-bit segment pseudorandom number generator will be important for implementing such a scheme. Firstly this paper extends Beker and Piper’s binary pseudorandom sequence statistical test suite to d-bit segment sequences case. Secondly, a novel 3-dimensional polynomial discrete chaotic map (3DPDCM) is proposed. The calculated Lyapunov exponents of the 3DPCDM are 0.213, 0.125 and ? 3.228. Using the 3DPDCM constructs a 6-dimensional generalized synchronization chaotic system. Based on this system, a 8-bit segment chaotic pseudorandom number generator (CPRNG) is introduced. Using the generalized test suite tests 100 key streams generated via the 8-bit PRNG with different initial conditions and perturbed system parameters. The tested results are similar to those of the key streams generated via RC4 PRNG. As an application, using the key streams generated via the CPRNG and the RC4 PRNG encrypts an RGB image Landscape. The results have shown that the encrypted RGB images have significant avalanche effects. This research suggests that the requirements for PRNGs are not as strict as those under the traditional avalanche criteria. Suitable designed chaos-based d-bit string PRNGs may be qualified candidates for the stream encryption scheme with avalanche effect.     

Design of an all-optical logic sequence generator based on polarization holographic gratings

In this Letter, an all-optical logic sequence generator based on two different polarization holographic gratings has been proposed and demonstrated, which has one input port and four output ports. The polarization state of input light signal determines logic output signals. It can produce four kinds of logic sequence output signals:1000, 0100, 0010, and 0001, corresponding to the input light signal of four different polarization states: the p-linear, s-linear, left-handed circular, and right-handed circular. The two polarization gratings have been fabricated, and the working principle of the logic sequence generator has been proved by diffraction pattern analysis of polarization gratings.     

基于混沌的自嵌入安全水印算法

利用混沌系统的伪随机性和初值敏感性，提出一种基于混沌的自嵌入安全水印算法.该算法以混沌初值为密钥生成混沌序列，根据混沌序列的索引有序序列随机生成图像块的水印嵌入位置.与现有的自嵌入算法相比，该算法实现了水印嵌入位置的随机选取，有效扩大了算法的密钥空间，且解决了自嵌入水印算法如何准确定位篡改块的问题.理论分析和仿真结果表明，该算法不仅提高了自嵌入水印算法的篡改定位的能力，而且进一步增强了算法抵抗向量量化攻击和同步伪造攻击的能力. 关键词： 数字水印 混沌 脆弱水印 自嵌入     

Reconfigurable photonic generation of microwave hybrid frequency/phase shift keying signals

A photonic approach for the generation of microwave hybrid frequency/phase shift keying (FSK/PSK) signal based on an integrated polarization division multiplexing dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (PDM-DPMZM) is proposed and demonstrated. In the scheme, the polarization modulator is employed to modulate the linearly polarized lightwave to generate an optical polarization-shift keying (PolSK) signal. Then the PolSK signal is sent to the PDM-DPMZM via a polarization controller to generate optical PSK signal. After photo-detection, a microwave hybrid FSK/PSK signal can be obtained. Simulations are conducted to verify the proposed scheme. As bit rate is set to 1 Gbit/s, a hybrid FSK/PSK signal with frequency of 10/15 GHz and phase shift of\(\pi\)is successfully demonstrated. Hybrid signals with 2-Git/s frequency shift and 1-Git/s phase shift are also implemented. The compression ratio of the generated signal is 25.5 and the main-to-sidelobe ratio is 11.2 dB. The generations of ASK, PSK and FSK signals are discussed, and the impact of the polarization extinction ratio is also analyzed.     

Breaking a chaotic secure communication scheme

The chaotic direct sequence spread spectrum (CD3S) has been extensively studied and accepted as an approach of chaotic secure communication. However, we find that CD3S is insecure and present the results of breaking CD3S. A modified unscented-Kalman-filter chaos fitting method is proposed. With the proposed method, an intruder can use a different chaotic system to fit the transmitter's chaotic system and break the CD3S scheme without any knowledge of the chaotic transmitter's structure, parameters or initial value, even under the following conditions: (A) the chaotic spreading sequence is complex and generated by two chaotic maps; (B) there exists noise in the CD3S signal; (C) the CD3S signal is constructed in frames. Simulation results verify the method.     

A new tracking error detection method using amplitude difference detection for signal waveform modulation multi-level discs

The sub-land/sub-pit affects the characteristic of the tracking error signal which is generated by the conventional differential phase detection (DPD) method in the signal waveform modulation multi-level (SWML) read-only disc. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new tracking error detection method using amplitude difference. Based on the diffraction theory, the amplitude difference is proportional to the tracking error and is feasible to be used for obtaining the off-track information. The experimental system of the amplitude difference detection method is developed. The experimental results show that the tracking error signal derived from the new method has better performance in uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio than that derived from the conventional DPD method in the SWML read-only disc.