Stabilization of Ion-Radicals in the Structure of Calcium Sulfite

Using the EPR- and IR-spectroscopy methods, we studied the conditions of formation of stable ion-radicals in the structure of calcium sulfite and determined the limits of their stability. We detected and identified the ion-radicals SO ₂ ⁻ with g(iso) = 2.0055 in the initial substances, two types of thermally induced SO ₂ ⁻ (with g₁ = 2.0093, g₂ = 2.0045, and g₃ = 2.0020, and g₁ = 2.0104, g₂ = 2.0049, and g₃ = 2.0018) when the substance was heated, and three types of mechanically induced SO ₃ ⁻ (with g_⊥ = 2.0036 and g_‖ = 2.0022, with g(iso) = 2.0033 and ΔH = 0.1 mT and with g(iso) = 2.0031 and ΔH = 0.33 mT) when the substance was ground up. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 391–396, May–June, 2005.     

The low-lying states and configurations in138La

Tritons from the reaction¹³⁹La(d, t)¹³⁸La atE _d=16 MeV were analyzed at eleven reaction angles from 22 ° to 90 ° with a broad-range magnetic spectrograph. TheQ-value of the reaction is ?2522±5 keV. The nine lowest-lying states in¹³⁸La are interpreted in terms of the shell model configurations (πg _7/2)^?1 (vd _3/2)^?1, (πg _7/2)^?1 (vs _1/2)^?1 and (πg _7/2)^?2 (πd _5/2)^?1(vd _3/2)^?1. Seven levels in the energy range of 700–1300 keV are populated byl=5 transitions and are interpreted as coming from the (πg _7/2)^?1(vh _11/2)^?1 configuration. The ground state of¹³⁸La is shown to haveJ ^π=5⁺. Therefore, beta decay by unique second-forbidden transitions to the 2⁺ one-phonon states of¹³⁸Ce and¹³⁸Ba must be inferred in spite of unusually high logft values of 19.2 and 18.5, respectively.     

Measurements of theg-factor ratio of the first 3− and 5− states in40Ca and the lifetime of the 5− state

[Theg-factor ratio of the first excited 3^? and 5^? states in⁴⁰Ca was measured to beg ₃/g ₅=1.01(10) employing the implantation perturbed angular correlation technique. The static hyperfine fields (SF) in Fe and Gd hosts were used. In addition the lifetime of the 5^? state was measured to be τ=426(7)ps. The values of the SF in Gd and Fe hosts were deduced and compared with systematics in this element region.     

The magnetic moment of the first excited state in138La

Theg-factor of the first excited state in the odd-odd nucleus¹³⁸La (E _x=73 keV,I _π,T _1/2=116 ns) was measured by the time-differential perturbed angular distribution (TDPAD) method. The result, corrected for Knight shift and diamagnetic shielding, isg=+0.962±0.016. This value can be fairly well reproduced using the additivity relation for magnetic moments, empirical values for the odd-proton and odd-neutrong-factors, and an experimentally deduced wave function for the 3⁺ state.     

Measurement of the lifetime of the3 P 2 and4 P 5/2 states in Ar16+ and Ar15+

Promptly decaying levels in Li- and Be-like Ar could be identified in the delayed x-ray and electron spectrum in addition to the four known metastable (1s2s)¹ S ₀, (1s2s)³ S ₁, (1s2p)³ P ₂, and (1s2s2p)⁴ P _5/2 states in He- and Li-like systems. The states having lifetimes of about 10^?14s still contribute to the spectrum observed 10^?9s after the ions have passed a foil. This observation is explained by cascading processes from states of high principal quantum numbern≧14. The measured lifetime of the⁴ P _5/2 state subtracting the contribution of cascades is (0.594±0.016) ns and slightly larger than the theoretically predicted value of 0.563 ns. The³ P ₂ state is depopulated at short distances behind the foil by cascading processes. Its measured lifetime of (1.44±0.08) ns compares to a theoretical value of 1.48 ns.     

Investigation of22Na excited states

Fourteen²¹Ne(p, γ)²²Na resonances have been observed in the rangeE _p =300–1,300 keV. Theγ-decay of all these resonances has been investigated by means of a 38 cm³ Ge(Li) detector. Energies and branching ratios of several bound states have been determined. TheQ-value was determined as 6,738.5±1.7 keV. Lifetimes of seven states were determined with the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The observed upper limit (τ _m ≦4 fs) of the lifetime for the 4,071 keV state, regarded as the analogue of the third excited state in²²Ne, and the transition observed from this state to the 1,528 keV state do not support the proposed rotational band structure of the²²Na low-lying states.     

Time-resolved EPR studies on magnetic interactions between excited triplet (tetraphenylporphinato) zinc and doublet nitroxide radical

By time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR), four (tetraphenylporphinato) zinc (ZnTPP) complexes coordinated by an axial ligand containing a nitroxide radical (NRX; X=4, 5, 8, and 10, denotes the bond number from zinc to nitroxide nitrogen) have been studied in terms of magnetic interactions between the photoexcited triplet state of ZnTPP and NRX. The TREPR spectrum of ZnTPP coordinated by NR10 is almost the same as the one of ZnTPP coordinated by pyridine, indicating that the electron exchange interaction,J, between ZnTPP and the doublet nitroxide is negligibly small. On the other hand, TREPR spectra of the NR4 and NR5 complexes are assigned to the Q₁ state constituted by the ZnTPP and the nitroxide radical. In the case of the ZnTPP-NR8 complex, both T₁ and Q₁ TREPR signals are seen, which may originate from two conformations or degenerate T₁ states of ZnTPP. This EPR study is useful for understanding the photophysical and photochemical properties of chromophores.     

Hyperfine structure of six low-lying fine structure levels of191Ir and193Ir and the191Δ s 193 hyperfine anomaly

The hyperfine interaction constantsA andB of six low-lying metastable fine structure states of the two iridium isotopes¹⁹¹Ir and¹⁹³Ir and the electronicg-factors of these levels have been measured using the atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method. From the values of the magnetic-dipole interaction constantsA, corrected for off-diagonal perturbations, we extracted the hyperfine anomaly of a pure 6s-electron state:¹⁹¹ Δ _s ¹⁹³ =0.64(7)%. Using nonrelativistic approximations for the effective radial parameters the nuclear electric-quadrupole moments were obtained:Q(¹⁹¹Ir) = 0.81(21)b,Q(¹⁹³Ir)=0.73(19)b     

The g-factor and the electric quadrupole moment of the 7/2+ isomer in125Xe

The time differential perturbed angular distribution method (PAD) was used to measure theg-factor and the electric quadrupole interaction in a Cd single crystal for thet _1/2=140 ns,I ^π=7/2⁺ isomer in¹²⁵Xe. Theg-factor isg=+0.264(10) and the quadrupole coupling constante ² Qq/h=122.1 (6) MHz at 552 K. The lifetime of theI ^π=11/2⁺ state was measured to beτ=11.3 (1.1) ps by the recoil distance method (RDM). From an analysis of the spectroscopic data using the triaxial-rotor-plus-particle (TRPP) model the quadrupole moment of the 7/2⁺ isomer is deduced to beQ=1.40 (15) b yielding an electric field gradient (efg)eq=3.6(4)·10¹⁷ V/cm² for XeCd.     

2 S 1/2-states of Pb3+-ions: Correlations betweeng-values and hyperfine splitting constantsA in the EPR-spectra

The EPR-spectra of the² S _1/2-state of Pb³⁺-ions in different host lattices are characterized by a pronounced hyperfine splitting constantA, a smallg-shift from the free spin valueg _e and an appreciable amount of superhyperfine interaction. The unpaired 6s-electron of the Pb³⁺-ion is predominantly found in molecular orbitals built from the central 6s-function and orbitals of the sorrounding ligand ions. This assumption leads to correct estimates of theg-shift (Watanabe theory) and the reduction ofA due to covalent bonding effects. Theg- andA-values are shown to be correlated.     

g-factors of the ground state rotational band of158Dy

Theg-factors of the four lowest states of the ground state rotational band of¹⁵⁸Dy have been determined asg(2 ₁ ⁺ )=+0.362(23),g(4 ₁ ^su+ )=+0.340(20),g(6 ₁ ^su+ )=+0.207(36) andg(8 ₁ ^su+ )=+0.21(11). Theg-factors of the 2⁺ and 4⁺ states were measured by the IPAC method with radioactive samples of 2.4 h¹⁵⁸Er in external magnetic fields. To investigate the higher states, for the first time an on-line γ—γ IPAC experiment was performed with the reaction¹⁵⁶Gd(α, 2n)¹⁵⁸Dy by use of the static hyperfine field of DyGd.     

Magnetic moment of the 96.7 keV 9/2+ level in79Rb

Theg-factor of the 9/2⁺ 96.7 keV excited state with a half-lifeT _1/2=18.6(5) ns in⁷⁹Rb populated in the⁷⁹Br(³He, 3n) reaction has been measured by the TDPAD method. The experimentalg-factorg _exp=+1.117(16) has been analysed in the frame of particle-rotor models and gave evidence for a large deformation of this state.     

Nuclearg-factors of theJ π=21/2+isomer in112In and theJ π=6+ 112Sn

Theg-factor of theJ ^π=21/2⁺ isomeric state in¹¹¹In (T _1/2=13.3 ns) and of theJ ^π=6⁺ isomeric state in¹¹²Sn (T _1/2=13.7 ns) were measured using the spin rotation method. The result obtained for theJ ^π=21/2⁺ level in¹¹¹In,g=+0.47 (2), indicates that this state has an almost pure ((πg _9/2)^?1 νg _7/2 νd _5/2) shell model configuration. The experimental valueg=+0.04 (3) for theJ ^π=6⁺ isomer in¹¹²Sn agrees with the theoretical value calculated within the frame of the BCS model.     

Mößbauereffekt in157Gd und155Gd

Using the Mössbauer technique electric hyperfine interactions of the first excited non-rotational states at 64 keV in¹⁵⁷Gd and at 86.5 keV in¹⁵⁵Gd have been determined in GdF₃ and GdCl₃· 6H₂O. For the ratio of quadrupolmoments the ratiosQ ₆₄ ¹⁵⁷ /Q _g ¹⁵⁷ =1.74±0.04,Q _86.5 ¹⁵⁵ /Q _g ¹⁵⁷ =?0.07 ± 0.21 andQ _g ¹⁵⁵ /Q _g ¹⁵⁷ =0.78 ± 0.06 were found. In addition isomer shifts were observed from which a ratio δ〈r²〉 ₆₄ ¹⁵⁷ /δ〈r²〉 _86.5 ¹⁵⁵ =?2.6±0.15 can be inferred.     

Theg B*Bϱ andg D*Dϱ coupling constants in QCD

Theg _B*B? andg _D*D? coupling constants are calculated at the intermediate momentum transfer interval 0.5 GeV²≤Q ²≤1.5 GeV², in the context of QCD sum rules. Our predictions are in good agreement with those of the Vector Dominance Model     

Hyperfine structure investigations in the4F9/2 atomic ground state of191Ir and193Ir

The5d ⁷6s^{2 4}F_9/2 atomic ground state of¹⁹¹Ir and¹⁹³Ir has been studied using the atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method. The results are:¹⁹³Ir:g _J(⁴F_9/2)=1.29694 (3)¹⁹¹Ir:Δv(⁴F_9/2; F=6?F=5)=659.26496 (12) MHzΔv( ⁴F_9/2; F=5?F=4)=189.44002 (09) MHzΔv( ⁴F_9/2; F=3?F=4)=84.05040 (80) MHzA=57.52148 (04) MHzB=471.20425 (57) MHzC=?0.020 (30) kHz¹⁹³Ir:Δv( ⁴F_9/2; F=6?F=5)=660.09043 (12) MHzΔv( ⁴F_9/2; F=5?F=4)=224.47848 (13) MHzΔv( ⁴F_9/2; F=?F=4)=33.53453 (89) MHzA=62.65556 (05) MHzB=426.23546 (64) MHzC=0.020 (30) kHz Using the magnetic dipole moments known by NMR-technique [1] we obtained for the electric quadrupole moments as calculated from the hyperfine interaction constantsA andB:Q(¹⁹¹Ir)=0.78 (20) barns,Q(¹⁹³Ir)=0.70 (18) barns (uncorrected for core polarization effects). A calculation of the hyperfine anomaly yields:₁₉₁ Δ ₁₉₃=?0.00023 (10). The ratio of theB factors which should be the same as for the quadrupole moments turned out to be:B(¹⁹¹Ir)/B(¹⁹³Ir)=Q(¹⁹¹Ir)/Q(¹⁹³Ir)=1.105502(3).     

Level structure of 68 149 Er81 and high-spin isomerism in proton-richN=81, 82, 83 nuclei

The level structure of theN=81 nucleus¹⁴⁹Er has been studied by γ-ray spectroscopy following the reaction⁹²Mo+255 MeV⁶⁰Ni. Yrast levels in¹⁴⁹Er are established up to ~3.3 MeV, including 0.61 and 4.8 μs isomeric states. Most of the observed levels are interpreted as seniority-three states arising from the coupling of s_1/2, d_3/2 and h_11/2 neutron holes with πh ₁₁ ^2/n . Isomers identified in the reaction⁹⁶Ru+255 MeV⁵⁸Ni are tentatively assigned to¹⁵¹Yb. TheB (E2) values of high-spin isomers inZ=66?70,N=81?83 nuclei are surveyed.     

Theβ-decay of88Tc

Decay scheme, half life andQ _EC value of⁸⁸Tc were deduced from aβ-decay study. The neutron deficient nucleus⁸⁸Tc was produced by the⁵⁸Ni(³²S,pn)⁸⁸Tc reaction using beam energies of 100, 101 and 105 MeV. The ground- and isomeric states of⁸⁸Tc were found to decay to⁸⁸Mo with similar half lives of 5.8±0.2 and 6.4±0.8 sec. The most probable spins and parities of these states are 3⁺ and 6⁺, respectively, though the order in energy could not be determined. TheQ _EC value was deduced to be 8.6±1.3 MeV.     

Investigation of gamma ray transitions and lifetimes in35Cl

Fortyeight resonances of the³⁴S(p, γ)³⁵Cl reaction in the proton rangeE _p=1–2 MeV have been observed. Gamma decay of twentyeight of these was investigated by means of a 55 cm³ Ge(Li) detector, and the energies and branching ratios of several bound states have been determined. TheQ-value was found to be 6367.0 ± 1.5 keV. The lifetimes 150±20, 400±140, 19±4, 14±2, 145±50, 20±5, 20±4, 42±4 and 7±3 fs were determined with the DSA method for the states at 1219, 1763, 2694, 3003, 3944, 3967, 4059, 4178 and 4882 keV, respectively. The experimental transition strengths were found to be in agreement with those given by manyparticle shell-modell calculations.     

Hyperfine structure measurements in metastable states of165Ho

The hyperfine structure constants and the electronic g _J factor of the state 4f ¹¹ 6s ^{2 4} I _11/2 belonging to the holmium ground multiplet have been measured using the atomic beam magnetic resonance technique combined with a state-selective laser-induced detection of the resonant atoms. By the same method the g _J factor of the level 4f ¹¹6s ²⁴ I _9/2 was determined, while the hyperfine structures of this metastable state and of two high-lying even parity states have been investigated by high resolution laser spectroscopy. The results for the experimentalA andB factors of all four members of the ground multiplet allow a least-squares evaluation of the three magnetic dipole and the three electric quadrupole effective radial parameters for the configuration 4f ¹¹ 6s ² of holmium, yielding an accurate value for the spectroscopic nuclear electric quadrupole moment:Q _hfs(¹⁶⁵Ho)=2.716(9)b (uncorrected for quadrupole shielding). From a comparison to the quadrupole moments measured in mesic holmium atoms the shielding factor could be estimated.