Line shape of spin echo signals in imperfect bulk metals

The quadrupole part of the spin echo signal is measured in the case of doped (Cu⁶³+3.2 mol % Sn) and of highly deformed (i.e. distorted dislocation) bulk metals (Al²⁷), where the NMR-signal is distorted by the skin effect. Theoretical expressions for the quadrupolar part due to point defects and dislocations are found to be in agreement with the experimental curves.     

Influence of relaxation processes on amplitude and shape of echo signals

A theory of signal-processing analog devices that use the phenomenon of spin, light, or nuclear quadrupole echo is considered with allowance for noise immunity. Main equations describing these phenomena are solved by multiplicative integration. Such an approach makes it possible to calculate echo signals of arbitrary amplitude and structure in a general form.     

低阻抗大面积二极管的研制

采用高纯石墨环状阴极和有机玻璃绝缘子,研制了一套低阻抗大面积二极管系统。使用理论计算和数值模拟方法对二极管进行优化设计,在保证绝缘要求的同时,尽量优化二极管轴向长度和内外筒距离以减小二极管的回路电感。实验结果表明,优化后的二极管能在200 kV左右的电压上稳定工作,绝缘结构未发生击穿现象;实验中最高输出电压为213 kV,电流为221 kA,特性阻抗约为1 ,电流密度为8 kA/cm2,脉宽(FWHM)为50 ns。     

低阻抗大面积二极管的研制

采用高纯石墨环状阴极和有机玻璃绝缘子,研制了一套低阻抗大面积二极管系统。使用理论计算和数值模拟方法对二极管进行优化设计,在保证绝缘要求的同时,尽量优化二极管轴向长度和内外筒距离以减小二极管的回路电感。实验结果表明,优化后的二极管能在200 kV左右的电压上稳定工作,绝缘结构未发生击穿现象;实验中最高输出电压为213 kV,电流为221 kA,特性阻抗约为1 ,电流密度为8 kA/cm2,脉宽(FWHM)为50 ns。     

Three-pulse spin echo signals from quadrupolar nuclei in magnetic materials

The time evolutions of the three-pulse spin echo signals from quadrupolar nuclei ⁶³Cu and ⁵³Cr in ferromagnetic CuCr₂S₄:Sb have been investigated at the temperature T=77 K. The experimental results were well explained by the developed theory of the time evolutions of the three-pulse echoes. The main assumption of this theory is the assumption that the temporal fluctuations in the electron magnetization lead to the fluctuations in the hyperfine and quadrupole interaction Hamiltonians.     

Functionally graded materials for impedance matching in elastic media

When functionally graded material layers are inserted between two impedance mismatching media, passbands with extremely large bandwidths can appear in these layered systems. An accurate and effective iterative method is developed to deal with these layered systems with extremely large layer number.     

Study of slow molecular motions from the shape of the solid echo

A new approach to the study of slow molecular motions in solids on the basis of the shape of the solid echo is presented. It is shown that in the case when molecular mobility exists in a solid the solid echo enables the shape of the signal of the drop in the free induction to be established.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 3–7, December, 1984.     

重复频率低阻抗紧凑Marx脉冲功率源

为了实现重频脉冲功率源小型化,研制了基于快Marx发生器的紧凑型重频低阻抗脉冲功率源。采用大功率重频高压电源对Marx发生器充电,通过对充电电源和脉冲触发源的同步控制,实现对Marx发生器重频充电;Marx发生器中采用薄膜脉冲电容器、小型化气体开关、电感隔离以及SF₆气体绝缘等设计,以8级紧凑Marx发生器进行验证性研究,在16 Ω阻抗负载上实现了重复频率10 Hz、脉宽150 ns、峰值电压大于400 kV连续多脉冲输出;在此基础上,设计了18级紧凑型Marx发生器,在约18 Ω阻抗负载上输出功率达到33 GW,峰值功率密度大于150 GW/m³,实现重复频率5 Hz、脉宽约160 ns、峰值电压大于600 kV的连续多脉冲输出。为了降低Marx发生器的输出阻抗,采用4台电容器并联作为Marx发生器的一级储能模块,研制了同轴紧凑Marx脉冲功率源,有效减小放电回路电感,实现12 Ω低阻抗负载近似匹配输出,前沿减小至50 ns以下,脉宽约130 ns。     

Magnetic resonance spin echo amplitudes at low rf fields

It is shown that for magnetic resonance the variation of spin echo amplitude with radio frequency (rf) field exhibits a fourth power law at the low rf limit. Depending on the line width and the pulse width, a cube law dependence may also be obtained, as has been reported for experimental measurements of ferromagnets.     

梯度飞片材料的波阻抗分布设计与优化

建立起了梯度飞片击靶的理论模型，对具有不同波阻抗分布特征的W-Mo-Ti体系梯度飞片的 击靶过程进行了数值模拟计算.结果表明，梯度飞片对靶产生的压缩是逐步进行的，靶板的 自由面速度也是逐渐提高的，准等熵压缩过程的加载速率远低于传统冲击压缩.为获得较好 的准等熵压缩效果，梯度飞片的波阻抗分布应遵循随厚度变化的二次至三次幂函数关系，并 且靶板厚度必须与梯度飞片的击靶速度等相匹配. 关键词： 梯度飞片材料 波阻抗分布 准等熵压缩     

微波阶梯阻抗变换器低气压电晕放电粒子模拟

采用3维粒子软件VORPAL对微波阶梯阻抗变换器中的低气压电晕放电过程进行了粒子模拟,获得了放电过程中带电粒子实空间分布的时间演变图像,分析并解释了其中低气压电晕放电机理和微放机理之间的关系.模拟结果表明:低气压电晕放电的阈值电压随着气压的增长呈现先减小后增加的变化趋势;并且随着气压的增长,微放电作用减弱,低气压电晕放电作用增强.通过对银和铜两种器壁材料放电阈值的比较,获得了两种放电机理之间的临界气压.     

A computer controlled spin echo spectrometer for the study of ferromagnetic materials

The computer control of a broad band (10–1,000 MHz) untuned NMR spin echo spectrometer is described with examples of distribution of hyperfine field as a function of frequency and of modulated echo decay obtained automatically.     

Dissipation of energy in the contact of materials having shape memory

Problems of dissipation of energy in the contact of bodies made of titanium nickelide are studied by the mechanocycling method. Under normal loading or joint action of normal and shearing forces the dissipation of energy ΔW, determined from the hysteresis loop area enclosed by the dependences pressure q—approach δ and shearing force τ-shift Δ, is several times higher than that of traditional materials, and the dependence τ-Δ is nonmonotonous in character and has some extreme points. The peculiarities in the formation of hysteresis loops are established. The obtained results are explained in the context of thermoelastic martensite transformations and the theory of contact interaction. V. D. Kuznetsov Siberian Physical-Technical Institute at Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 83–87, March, 1999.     

Constant gradient stimulated echo studies of diffusion in porous materials at high spectrometer fields

A high field strength, constant gradient stimulated-echo pulse sequence is applied to a model heterogeneous system consisting of randomly packed beds of glass microspheres. A multiple exponential analysis of the dependence of the stimulated echo amplitude on diffusion time, Δ, yields coefficients that depend explicitly on both the wavevector, q and on the time delay, δ. The wavevector and δ-dependence of the coefficients is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally and shown to be sensitive to the effects of coupled relaxation and diffusion. It is proposed that these effects could be exploited as a new probe of microstructure.     

Recent approaches to the measurement of acoustic impedance and materials characterization

Three methods are discussed: an automated pulse tube system; a direct, point measurement technique; and the application of a parametric array for oblique angle measurement.The first of these extends the capability of a proven impedance measurement technique using a waterborne acoustic waveguide (pulse tube). Data obtained in a frequency range 3 to 100 kHz, determined from complex reflection coefficients, are presented, via a transfer function analyser interfacing with a computer and plotter, to produce impedance diagrams.A direct, point impedance technique based on sensing particle velocity, or displacement of a surface and associated acoustic pressure is next discussed. Use is made of laser interferometry to measure the vector quantity, while scalar values are determined from a pressure sensor. This data affords a direct measurement of point impedance and can be applied in obtaining complex response information from heterogeneous materials or structures.The last method employs a non-linear acoustic device to obtain a requisite acoustic beam-width allowing characterization of materials at oblique angles, with samples of limited size, at low ultrasonic frequencies.     

Numerical solution of the problem of shape recovery for a system of impedance surfaces

We consider the problem of shape determination of a system of surfaces with impedance properties, using the scattering pattern specified at a finite number of points. We use the method of artificial “embedding” of the given problem in a more general problem in which the impedance distribution at variable parts of the surface is also a desired parameter. This allows us to move to the nonlinear operator equation that permits efficient numerical solution. Calculated results are given. Novosibirsk State Architecture and Civil Engineering University. Novosibirsk, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 452–458, May 1999.     

Spectra of multiquantum echo signals from quadrupole nuclei with half-integral spin in magnetically ordered materials

The numerical simulation of two-pulse echo signals at times 2τ, 4τ, and 6τ for the I=5/2 spin and at time 2τ, 4τ, and 8τ for the I=7/2 spin (τ is the time interval between exciting pulses) is carried out. It is shown that a delay by 2τ in the moment of formation of the echo results in the disappearance of extreme quadrupole satellites in the NMR spectrum obtained by recording the frequency dependence of the echo amplitude. The echoes at the maximum possible time of formation (2I+1)τ are only observed at the frequency of the purely magnetic spectroscopic transition $ \pm \frac{1}{2} \rightleftarrows \mp \frac{1}{2}$ ; no such echoes are observed at the quadrupole satellite frequencies. The computations are compared with the experimental results obtained for the ⁵⁵Mn nuclei (spin I=5/2) in the perovskite GdCu₃Mn₄O₁₂ and the spinel Li_0.5Fe_2.5O₄: Mn.