种植沙生植物--沙棘改善内蒙古地区生态环境

结合内蒙古地区现状，对沙棘的生物学和生态学特性、沙棘属植物化学成分和微量元素及种植沙生植物——沙棘的重要性和必要性进行了详细的研究和探讨。研究表明，沙棘属植物具有极强的生态适应性并富含多种营养成分和生物活性物质，并以耐干旱、耐瘠薄、萌蘖及固氮能力强等特点被称为治理非宜林地水土流失、改善生态环境的先锋树种。种植沙棘是治理内蒙古脆弱生态环境最经济、最有效的措施，是贫瘠的不毛之地发展经济、增加收入的经济树种。另外．种植沙棘的技术简便，容易掌握，投资少，见效快。     

Thermodynamic study of the system cadmium - zinc,cadmium - lead,cadmium - tin,bismuth - cadmium,tin - zinc,and lead - tin

Russian Chemical Bulletin -     

Deformed phthalocyanines: synthesis and characterization of zinc phthalocyanines bearing phenyl substituents at the 1-, 4-, 8-, 11-, 15-, 18-, 22-, and/or 25-positions

The synthesis of a series of zinc phthalocyanines partially phenyl-substituted at the 1-, 4-, 8-, 11-, 15-, 18-, 22-, and/or 25-positions (the so-called alpha-positions) is reported. Macrocycle formation based on 3,6-diphenylphthalonitrile, o-phthalonitrile, and zinc acetate predominantly yielded the near-planar disubstituted complex and opposite tetrasubstituted isomer, while the lithium method yielded the sterically hindered hexasubstituted complex and adjacent tetrasubstituted isomer. All compounds have been characterized by 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS, and elemental analysis methods. In addition, crystal structures have been solved for the di-, hexa-, and octasubstituted complexes and the adjacent tetrasubstituted isomer. DFT geometry optimization calculations predict more highly deformed structures than those observed in the crystals. The packing force of the crystals cannot therefore be ignored, particularly for the less phenyl-substituted derivatives. The crystal structures have revealed that overlap of the phenyl groups causes substantial deformation of the phthalocyanine (Pc) ligands within the crystals, while strong pi-pi stacking in the remainder of the Pc moiety lacking phenyl substituents can suppress the impact of the deformation. Absorption spectra show sizable red shifts of the Q-band with increasing number of phenyl groups. Analysis of the results of absorption spectra and electrochemical measurements reveals that a substantial portion of the red shift is attributable to the ring deformations. Molecular orbital calculations lend further support to this conclusion. A moderately intense absorption band emerging at around 430 nm for highly deformed octaphenyl-substituted zinc Pc can be assigned to the HOMO-->LUMO+3 transition, which is parity-forbidden for planar Pcs, but becomes allowed since the ring deformations remove the center of symmetry.     

Environment effects on the solute electrton-correlation energy,screening

Following the formalism of screened potentials, a simple analytical correction to the Hartree-Fock equation is suggested. This approach allows consideration of the effects of the medium on the electron-correlation energy of solute molecules. The formation is applied to the calculation of UV spectral shifts of linear polyenes is apolar solvents.     

环境汞污染

由于特殊的物理化学性质和强的毒性,汞已经成为全球关注的污染物.本文对目前大气汞的来源、汞在大气中的形态分布及在全球大气分布的特点和汞在大气中的迁移转化规律等方面进行了详细地介绍,提出了大气汞研究的展望.评述了近年来水生生态系统汞的生物地球化学循环研究领域的新进展及存在问题,提出了对汞甲基化机理认识的研究要进一步加强的观点.对汞矿开采和混汞法炼金区环境汞污染及对居民健康的危害研究进展进行了详细地评述,指出矿区居民汞暴露的主要途径.最后,本文还总结了目前人体暴露不同形态汞对人体健康影响的最新进展.     

Nitrous Oxide: Production,Application, and Protection of the Environment

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Natural and anthropogenic sources of nitrous oxide were considered, and their contribution to environmental pollution was determined. The effect of N2O on...     

Reactivities of 5-, 6-, and 7-(enamino)indoles in the synthesis of pyrroloquinolines

The concept of regioorientation is proposed for the annelation of the pyridine ring with the participation of 5-, 6-, and 7-aminoindoles. The conclusions based on the experimental data are supported by quantum-chemical calculations.Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute, Sarinks 430007, Russia. Mordovian State University, Sarinsk 430000, Russia. Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1223–1242, September, 1998.     

Evidence of steric factors in the fungitoxic mechanisms of 8-quinolinol and its 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-and 7-chloro and bromo analogues

Summary A study was made of the fungitoxicity of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-chloro and bromo-8-quinolinols againstAspergillus niger,A. oryzae,Myrothecium verrucaria,Trichoderma viride andTrichophyton mentagrophytes in Sabouraud dextrose broth and in Yeast Nitrogen Base supplemented with 1%D-glucose and 0.088%L-asparagine. Based on the presence or absence of synergism between pairs of substituted 8-quinolinols and reversal or nonreversal of toxicity byL-cysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the following conclusions were reached: (1) substituents on the quinoline ring change the site(s) of action of the toxicant; (2) the sites of action of the 5-, 6-, and 7-chloro-8-quinolinols are different from each other and from 8-quinolinol and its 2-, 3-, and 4-chloro analogues, and the same is true for the corresponding bromo compounds; (3) 8-quinolinol and its 3- and 4-chloro and bromo analogues appear to share common sites of action; (4) for good antifungal activity the 2 position of the ring must not be substituted by sterically bulky groups; (5) the geometry of the binding sites of action are not so constrained that they cannot accommodate the analogously substituted chloro- and bromo-8-quinolinols.

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Nachweis sterischer Faktoren bei der Fungitoxizität von 8-Chinolinol und seinen 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- und 7-Chlor- und -Brom-Analogen

Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine Studie der Fungitoxizität von 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- und 7-Chlor- und-Brom-8-chinolinol gegenüberAspergillus niger,A. oryzae,Myrothecium verrucaria,Trichoderma viride undTrichphyton mentagrophytes in Sabouraud Dextrose Nährmedium und in Hefe-N-Base mit 1%D-Glucose und 0.088%L-Asparagin unternommen. Auf der Basis des Zutreffens oder der Abwesenheit eines Synergismus zwischen Paaren von substituierten 8-Chinolinolen und der Umkehrung oder Nichtumkehrung der Toxizität durchL-Cystein oder N-Acetyl-L-cystein wurden folgende Schlußfolgerungen abgeleitet: (1) Substituenten am Chinolin-Ring ändern die Aktionsstelle(n) des Toxikans; (2) Die Angriffsstellen der 5-, 6- und 7-Chlor-8-chinolinole sind untereinander und von 8-Chinolinol und seinen 2-, 3- und 4-Chlor-Analogen verschieden, wobei das auch für die entsprechenden Brom-Verbindungen gilt; (3) 8-Chinolinol und seine 3- und 4-Chlor- und -Brom-Analogen scheinen gemeinsame Aktionsstellen zu teilen; (4) für eine gute antifungale Aktivität darf die 2-Position des Rings nicht mit sterisch anspruchsvollen Gruppen besetzt sein; (5) Die Geometrie des Bindungsstellen der Wirkung ist nicht so gespannt, daß nicht sowohl analoge Chlor- oder Brom-8-chinolinole Platz finden.

     

Synthesis of 2-, 6-, and 7-aminomethyl derivatives in the 4,5-dihydroxybenzofuran series

The 2-, 6-, and 7-aminomethyl derivatives have been synthesized from derivatives of 4-hydroxy-5-methoxy- and 4-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzofuran. 2-Methyl-3-carbethoxy-5-methoxy-7-dimethylaminomethylbenzofuran has been converted into the 7-cyanomethyl derivative.Deceased.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 23–27, January, 1986.     

Synthesis of 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-azidotryptamines

Synthesis of azidotryptamines from commercially available nitroindoles via the corresponding amino tryptamines in good overall yields (15-38%) is presented.