Activation of thiocyanogen and selenocyanogen by low oxidation state transition metal complexes

Thiocyanogen and selenocyanogen react with Ru(CO)₃(PPh₃)₂ to give respectively the complexes Ru(CO)₂(PPh₃)₂(NCS)₂ and Ru(CO)₂(PPh₃)₂(NCSe)₂. (M—NCS and M—SCN represent N- and S-thiocyanato groups, M—NCSe and M—SeCN represent N- and Se-selenocyanato groups respectively, while M—CNS indicates the bridging coordination mode of thiocyanate.) Only the thiocyanogen reacts with Ru₃(CO)₁₂ giving [Ru(CO)₂(CNS)₂]_n, which dissolves in hot coordinating solvents, such as pyridine, to form Ru(CO)₂(py)₂(NCS)₂. Selenocyanogen is less effective than thiocyanogen in the oxidative addition reactions with rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes; in fact selenocyanogen does not react with Rh(CO)(PPh₃)₂Cl while with Ir(CO)(PPh₃)₂Cl the former gives Ir(CO)(PPh₃)₂(SeCN)₂Cl by an equilibrium reaction. The coordination number of the metal and the charge on the complex do not change the bonding mode of the thiocyanate and selenocyanate groups in the iridium(III) complexes; in the Ir(PPh₃)₂ClX₂ and [Ir(Ph₂PC₂H₄PPh₂)₂X₂]⁺ (X = SCN and SeCN) complexes the pseudohalogens are S- and Se-bonded.The complexes trans-M(PPh₃)₂(SeCN)₂ (M = Pd, Pt) have been obtained by reacting M(PPh₃)₄ with selenocyanogen.     

Synthesis and characterization of cyclometallated palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes with amide-thiolate ligands

The redox reaction of bis(2-benzamidophenyl) disulfide (H₂L-LH₂) with [Pd(PPh₃)₄] in a 1:1 ratio gave mononuclear and dinuclear palladium(II) complexes with 2-benzamidobenzenethiolate (H₂L⁻), [Pd(H₂L-S)₂(PPh₃)₂] (1) and [Pd₂(H₂L-S)₂ (μ-H₂L-S)₂(PPh₃)₂] (2). A similar reaction with [Pt(PPh₃)₄] produced only the corresponding mononuclear platinum(II) complex, [Pt(H₂L-S)₂(PPh₃)₂] (3). Treatment of these complexes with KOH led to the formation of cyclometallated palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes, [Pd(L-C,N,S)(PPh₃)]⁻ ([4]⁻) and [Pt(L-C,N,S) (PPh₃)]⁻ ([5]⁻). The molecular structures of 2, 3 and [4]⁻ were determined by X-ray crystallography.     

Metal-thiophen derivatives. Organometallic compounds of palladium and platinum

Thienylmercury(II)chloride reacts with [Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂], [Pd(PPh₃)₄] and [Pt(PPh₃)₄] to afford new compounds containing a metal-2-thienyl linkage. The compound [Pd(PPh₃)₂(2-C₄H₃S)Cl] probably has trans stereochemistry.2-Bromothiophen undergoes oxidative addition with [Pd(PPh₃)₄] and [Pt(PPh₃)₄], probably via a radical mechanism. With [Pd(CO)(PPh₃)₃], a carbonyl inserted product is obtained. The bromo-metal(II) complexes have trans stereochemistry. The course of the reaction between 3-methyl-2-bromothiophen and Pd(PPh₃)₄ is more complex. Thus, there is evidence of some cis bromopalladium(II) compounds amongst the products, also there is good evidence to support the view that some isomerisation of 3-methyl-2-thienyl to 4-methyl-2-thienyl occurs during the reaction, thus giving greater molar quantities of [Pd(PPh₃)₂(4-CH₃-2-C₄H₂S)Br] than can be accounted for from any initial 4-methyl-2-bromothiophen impurity.The metallation of the thiophen ring, probably in the 4-position, with palladium(II) is described for 3-theylidene-4-methylaniline.     

Pseudohalogenometallverbindungen: LVIII. Reaktionen von diphenylphosphorylazid und perfluor-n-hexylsulfonylazid mit triphenylphosphan-komplexen von platin(0), rhodium(I), iridium(I), ruthenium(0), kobalt(II) und kupfer(I)

Diphenylphosphorylazide N₃P(O)(OPh)₂ reacts with Pt(PPh₃)₃, Pt(PPh₃)₂(C₂H₄), trans-RhCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂, Ru(CO)₃(PPh₃)₂, CoCl₂(PPh₃)₂ and CuCl(PPh₃)₂ to give the azido complexes Pt(PPh₃)₂(N₃)R, Pt(PPh₃)₂(N₃)₂R₂, the urylene complex RhCl(PPh₃)₂(RNCONR) and the phosphine imine complexes Ru(CO)₃(RPPh₃)₂, CoCl₂(RNPPh₃)₂, CuCl(RNPPh₃)₂, respectively, (RP(O)(OPh)₂). The oxidative addition of n-C₆F₁₃SO₂N₃ to Pt(PPh₃)₄ and Pt(PPh₃)₂(C₂H₄) affords the complexes Pt(PPh₃)₂(N₃)R and Pt(PPh₃)₂(N₃)₂R₂, respectively, (RSO₂C₆F₁₃. The compounds are characterized by elemental analysis and by their IR spectra.     

Syntheses and characterization of cyano-bridged homo and hetero bimetallic complexes containing η and η-cyclic hydrocarbons

The reactions of [(ind)Ru(PPh₃)₂CN] (ind = η⁵-C₉H₇) (1) and [CpRu(PPh₃)₂CN] (Cp = η⁵-C₅H₅) (2) with [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(bipy)Cl]Cl (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) (3) in the presence of AgNO₃/NH₄BF₄ in methanol, respectively, yielded dicationic cyano-bridged complexes of the type [(ind)(PPh₃)₂Ru(μ-CN)Ru(bipy)(η⁶-p-cymene)](BF₄)₂ (4) and [Cp(PPh₃)₂Ru(μ-CN)Ru(bipy)(η⁶-p-cymene)](BF₄)₂ (5). The reaction of [CpRu(PPh₃)₂CN] (2), [CpOs(PPh₃)₂CN] (6) and [CpRu(dppe)CN] (7) with the corresponding halide complexes and [(η⁶-p-cymene)RuCl₂]₂ formed the monocationic cyano-bridge complexes [Cp(PPh₃)₂Ru(μ-CN)Os(PPh₃)₂Cp](BF₄) (8), [Cp(PPh₃)₂Os(μ- CN)Ru(PPh₃)₂Cp](BF₄) (9) and [Cp(dppe)Ru(μ-CN)Os(PPh₃)₂Cp](BF₄) (10) along with the neutral complexes [Cp(PPh₃)₂Ru(μ-CN)Ru (η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂] (11), [Cp(PPh₃)₂Os(μ-CN)Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂] (12), and [Cp(dppe) Ru(μ-CN)Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂] (13). These complexes were characterized by FT IR, ¹H NMR, ³¹P{¹H} NMR spectroscopy and the molecular structures of complexes 4, 8 and 11 were solved by X-ray diffraction studies.     

Synthesis,reactions and catalytic activity of some mixed trifluorophosphine(triphenylphosphine)hydrido complexes of cobalt(I)

The complexes CoH(PF₃)_4?n (PPh₃)_n (n = 1–3) have been prepared by low from the reaction between CoH(PF₃)(PPh₃)₃ and butadiene. The hydrido complexes are active catalysts for the isomerisation of 1-octene to 2-octene under hydrogen or nitrogen.     

Zur kenntnis der chemie der metallcarbonyle und der cyanokomplexe in flüssigem ammoniak : XXVI Über neue carbamoyl-carbonyl-komplexe des mangans

The carbamoylcarbonyl manganese complexes cis-Mn(CO)₄(NH₃)(CONH₂), cis-Mn(CO)₃(PPh₃)(NH₃)(CONH₂) and cis-Mn(CO)₃(PPh₃)₂(CONH₂), which split off water from the -CONH₂ group at different temperatures, are obtained after very short reaction times by the reactions of Mn(CO)₅Cl, Mn(CO)₄(PPh₃)Cl and [Mn(CO)₄(PPh₃)₂]Cl with liquid NH₃. Because of this cleavage the cyanotricarbonyl complexes Mn(CO)₃(NH₃)₂CN or Mn(CO)₃(PPh₃)(NH₃)CN are formed in liquid NH₃ or ether. The properties of these compounds are described and their structures are discussed on the basis of their IR spectra.     

Synthesis,structure and electrochemical properties of some thiosemicarbazone complexes of iridium

Reaction of thiosemicarbazones of salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxyacetophenone (H₂L¹ and H₂L²) with [Ir(PPh₃)₃Cl] affords complexes of type [Ir(PPh₃)₂(L)(H)] (L = L¹ or L²) in ethanol. A similar reaction carried out in toluene affords the [Ir(PPh₃)₂(L)(H)] complexes along with complexes of type [Ir(PPh₃)₂(L)Cl], where a chloride is coordinated to iridium instead of the hydride. The structure of the [Ir(PPh₃)₂(L²)(H)] and [Ir(PPh₃)₂(L²)Cl] complexes has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data for [Ir(PPh₃)₂(L²)(H)]: space group, P2₁/c; crystal system, monoclinic; a=12.110(2) Å, b=17.983(4) Å, c=18.437(4) Å, β=103.42(3)°, Z=4; R ₁=0.0591, wR ₂=0.1107. Crystal data for [Ir(PPh₃)₂(L²)Cl]: space group, P2₁/c; crystal system, monoclinic; a=17.9374(11) Å, b=19.2570(10) Å, c=24.9135(16) Å, β=108.145(5)°, Z=4; R ₁=0.0463, wR ₂=0.0901. In all the complexes the thiosemicarbazones are coordinated to the metal center as dianionic tridentate O, N, S-donors and the two triphenylphosphines are trans. The complexes are diamagnetic (low-spin d? ⁶, S=0) and show intense MLCT transitions in the visible region. Cyclic voltammetry on all the [Ir(PPh₃)₂(L)(H)] and [Ir(PPh₃)₂(L)Cl] complexes shows a quasi-reversible Ir(III)–Ir(IV) oxidation within 0.55–0.78 V vs. SCE followed by an irreversible oxidation of the thiosemicarbazone within 0.91–1.27 V vs. SCE. An irreversible reduction of the thiosemicarbazone is also observed within ?1.10 to ?1.23 V vs. SCE.     

Formation and structural characterization of novel polynuclear palladium selenolato complexes [Pd3Se(SePh)3(PPh3)3]Cl and [Pd6Cl2Se4(SePh)2(PPh3)6]

In addition to well-known dinuclear phenylselenolato palladium complexes, the reaction of [PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂] and NaSePh affords small amounts of novel trinuclear and hexanuclear complexes [Pd₃Se(SePh)₃(PPh₃)₃]Cl (1) and [Pd₆Cl₂Se₄(SePh)₂(PPh₃)₆] (2). Complex 1 is triclinic, P1?, a=13.6310(2), b=16.2596(2), c=16.9899(3) Å, α=83.1738(5), β=78.9882(5), γ=78.7635(5)°. Complex 2 is monoclinic, C2/c, a=25.7165(9), b=17.6426(8), c=27.9151(14) Å, β=110.513(2)°. There are no structural forerunners for 1, but the hexanuclear complex 2 is isostructural with [Pd₆Cl₂Te₄(TeR)₂(PPh₃)₆] (R=Ph, C₄H₃S) that have been observed as one of the products in the oxidative addition of R₂Te₂ to [Pd(PPh₃)₄]. Mononuclear palladium complexes may play a significant role as building blocks in the formation of the polynuclear complexes.     

Oxidative addition reactions of carbon diselenide and areneselenols to some iridium(I) and platinum(0) complexes

Reaction of carbon diselenide in 3 to 1 molar ratio, and areneselenols in equimolar ratio, with trans-IrCl(CO)(PPPh₃)₂ and PtL₄, gives oxidative addition products, IrCl(CO)CSe₂)(PPh₃)₂, Pt(CSe₂)L₂, IrHCl(CO)(SeC₆H₄Me-p)(PPh₃)₂, and PtH(SeR)L₂, respectively (R = Ph and p-MeC₆H₄; L = PPh₃ and PPh₂Me). However, reactions of PtL₄ with an excess of areneselenols afford bis(arylselenide) complexes Pt(SeR)₂L₂. The configurations of these complexes are discussed on the basis of their IR and PMR spectra. The carbon diselenide adducts are suggested to have configurations similar to the corresponding carbon disulfide adducts. The platinum hydrides are found to exist as a mixture of cis and trans isomers in solution, both the isomers being labile with regard to dissociative exchange of the tertiary phosphine ligands. The trans configurations of Pt(SeR)₂(PPh₂Me)₂ are unambiguously shown by the virtually coupled triplet pattern of the PPh₂Me signals.     

Facile method for the synthesis of ruthenacarboranes, diamagnetic 3,3-[Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2]-3-H-3-Cl-closo-3,1,2-RuC2B9H11 (n = 3 or 4) and paramagnetic 3,3-[Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2]-3-Cl-closo-3,1,2-RuC2B9H11 (n = 2 or 3), as efficient initiators of controlled radical polymerization of vinyl monomers

A facile preparative procedure was developed for the synthesis of 17-and 18-electron closo-(diphosphine)ruthenacarborane complexes. This method is based on the replacement of PPh₃ ligands with bis(diphenylphosphino)alkanes Ph₂P(CH₂)_nPPh₂ (n = 2—4) in ruthenacarborane 3,3-(PPh₃)₂-3-Cl-3-H-closo-3,1,2-RuC₂B₉H₁₁. The resulting complexes exhibit high activity in controlled radical polymerization of vinyl monomers.     

Cationic dihydridoiridium(III) complexes of nitriles

The reaction of [IrL(CO)(PPh₃)₂]ClO₄ (PPh₃ = triphenylphosphine) with H₂ produces new cationic dihydridoiridium(III) complexes of nitriles (L), [Ir(H)₂L(CO)(PPh₃)₂]ClO₄ [L = CH₃CN (1), CH₃CH₂CN (2), CH₃CH₂CH₂CN (3) and C₆H₅CN (4)], where nitriles are coordinated through the nitrogen atom. Proton NMR spectral data for complexes 1–4 suggest that the two hydrides in each complex are cis to each other and trans to CO and nitrogen (nitrile), and the two PPh₃ are trans to each other.     

Mixed ligand complexes of platinum(0) containing diphosphines

The reaction of PtCl₂L (L = diphosphine) with the appropriate diphosphine L′ in ethanol followed by reduction with aqueous sodium borohydride leads to either disproportionation to give mixtures of the bis(diphosphine) complexes PtL₂ and PtL′₂ or to the formation of the mixed ligand complex PtLL′ depending on the diphosphines. Mixed ligand complexes are obtained when L=Ph₂P(CH₂)₂PPh₂, L′ = Ph₂P(CH₂PPh₂cis-Ph₂PCH CHPPh₂, Ph₂P(CH₂)₂AsPh₂, Ph₂- P(CH₂)₄PPh₂, o-Ph₂PC₆H₄PPh₂; and L=(C₆H₁₁)₂P(CH₂₂P(C₆H₁₁)₂, L′= Ph₂P(CH₂)PPh₂, Ph₂P(CH₂)₂PPh₂cis-Ph₂PCHCHPPh₂, (2S,3S)-Ph₂PCH- (CH₃)CH(CH₃)PPh₂, (R)-Ph₂PCH(CH₃)CH₂PPh₂. When L=Ph₂P(CH₂)₄PPh₂ L′= Ph₂P(CH₂₃PPh₂ or cis-Ph₂PCHCHRPh₂ the mixed ligand complexes are obtained but extensive disproportionation also occurs.     

Potential inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II: ruthenium(II) poly-pyridyl and pyridyl-azine complexes

In search of new DNA probes a series of new mono and binuclear cationic complexes [RuH(CO)(PPh₃)₂(L)]⁺ and [RuH(CO)(PPh₃)₂(-μ-L)RuH(CO)(PPh₃)₂]²⁺ [L=pyridine-2-carbaldehyde azine (paa), p-phenylene-bis(picoline)aldimine (pbp) and p-biphenylene-bis(picoline)aldimine (bbp)] have been synthesized. The reaction products were characterized by microanalyses, spectral (IR, UV-Vis, NMR and ESMS and FAB-MS) and electrochemical studies. Structure of the representative mononuclear complex [RuH(CO)(PPh₃)₂(paa)]BF₄ was crystallographically determined. The crystal packing in the complex [RuH(CO)(PPh₃)₂(paa)]BF₄ is stabilized by intermolecular π-π stacking resulting into a spiral network. Topoisomerase II inhibitory activity of the complexes and a few other related complexes [RuH(CO)(PPh₃)₂(L)]⁺ {L=2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz) and 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-pyrazine (bppz)} have been examined against filarial parasite Setaria cervi. Absorption titration experiments provided good support for DNA interaction and binding constants have also been calculated which were found in the range 1.2 × 10³-4.01 × 10⁴ M⁻¹.     

The reaction of trihydrobistriphenylphosphine iridium IrH3(PPh3)2 with diazonium salts

The reaction of IrH₃(PPh₃)₂ with p-substituted aryldiazonium salts gives the compounds [IrH₂(NHNC₆H₄R)(PPh₃)₂]⁺BF₄^- at low temperature (-10°C) and the o-metalated complexes [I$\text{rH(NHN}$C₆H₃R)(PPh₃)₂]⁺BF₄^- (R  F, OCH₃) at 40–50°C. The reactions of the o-metalated complexes with CO, PPh₃, NaI and HCl have been studied.     

Trifluoroacetylacetonate rhodium(III) methyl complexes, cis-[Rh(TFA)(PPh3)2(CH3)(L)][BPh4] and cis-[Rh(TFA)(PPh3)2(CH3)(I)] (L = CH3CN, NH3, pyridine), in comparison with their acetylacetonate analogs

The oxidative addition of CH₃I to planar rhodium(I) complex [Rh(TFA)(PPh₃)₂] in acetonitrile (TFA is trifluoroacetylacetonate) leads to the formation of cationic, cis-[Rh(TFA)(PPh₃)₂(CH₃)(CH₃CN)][BPh₄] (1), or neutral, cis-[Rh(TFA)(PPh₃)₂(CH₃)(I)] (4), rhodium(III) methyl complexes depending on the reaction conditions. 1 reacts readily with NH₃ and pyridine to form cationic complexes, cis-[Rh(TFA)(PPh₃)₂(CH₃)(NH₃)][BPh₄] (2) and cis-[Rh(TFA)(PPh₃)₂(CH₃)(Py)][BPh₄] (3), respectively. Acetylacetonate methyl complex of rhodium(III), cis-[Rh(Acac)(PPh₃)₂(CH₃)(I)] (5), was obtained by the action of NaI on cis-[Rh(Acac)(PPh₃)₂(CH₃)(CH₃CN)][BPh₄] in acetone at −15 °C. Complexes 1-5 were characterized by elemental analysis, ³¹P{¹H}, ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR. For complexes 2, 3, 4 conductivity data in acetone solutions are reported. The crystal structures of 2 and 3 were determined. NMR parameters of 1-5 and related complexes are discussed from the viewpoint of their isomerism.     

The catalytic transformation of nitrosobenzene into azoxy and azobenzene

Nitrosobenzene is converted into azoxybenzene in alcoholic media in the presence of Ru(CO)₃(PPh₃)₂ as catalyst and under an inert atmosphere; Fe(CO)₃(PPh₃)₂ and palladium complexes such as PdL₂Cl₂ (L  PhNO, p-MeC₆H₄NH₂, PPh₃) and Pd₃(CO)₃(PPh₃)₄, are less active as catalysts. Under CO pressure and with Ru(CO)₃(PPh₃)₂ as catalyst, nitrosobenzene is converted into azobenzene and aniline, while azoxybenzene gives azobenzene.     

Coordination chemistry of sulfines : I. Synthesis and characterization of the complexes Pt(PPh3)2(XYCSO) (X,Y = aryl,S-aryl,S-alkyl,Cl). Coordination via the CS-π-bond

Reactions of Pt(PPh₃)₄ with the sulfines, XYCSO, (X, Y = aryl, S-aryl, S-alkyl, Cl) yield coordination compounds of the type Pt(PPh₃)₂(XYCSO). Infrared, ³¹P and ¹H NMR spectra reveal that in all cases the sulfine ligand is coordinated side-on via the CS π-bond (Pt—η²-CS). Reactions of Pt(PPh₃)₄ with either the E- or Z-isomer of (p-CH₃C₆H₄)(CH₃S)CSO yields the corresponding E- or Z-coordination compound, Pt(PPh₃)₂[E-(p-CH₃C₆H₄)(CH₃S)CSO] or Pt(PPh₃)₂[Z-(p-CH₃C₆H₄)(CH₃S)CSO], indicating that the configuration of the sulfine ligand is retained upon coordination to the Pt(PPh₃)₂ unit. The compounds Pt(PPh₃)₂(XYCSO), containing reactive CX and/or CY bonds (X, Y = S-aryl, S-alkyl, Cl), undergo a rearrangement in solution to give complexes of the type PtX(PPh₃)₂(YCSO).     

Formation and isomerization of cis,cis-Ir(H)2(--Ph)(CO)(PPh3)2 and cis,cis-Ir(H)(--Ph)2(CO)(PPh3)2 in oxidative addition of hydrogen and phenylacetylene to trans-Ir(CO)(--Ph)(PPh3)2

Oxidative addition of H–R (H--Ph and H₂) to trans-Ir(--Ph)(CO)(PPh₃)₂ (2) gives the initial products, cis, cis-Ir(H)(--Ph)₂(CO)(PPh₃)₂ (3a) and cis, cis-Ir(H)₂(--Ph)(CO)(PPh₃)₂ (3b), respectively. Both cis-bis(PPh₃) complexes, 3a and 3b undergo isomerization to give the trans-bis(PPh₃) complexes, trans, trans-Ir(H)(--Ph)₂(CO)(PPh₃)₂ (4a) and cis, trans-Ir(H)₂(--Ph)(CO)(PPh₃)₂ (4b). The isomerization, 3b→4b is first order with respect to 3b with k₁=6.37×10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ at 25°C under N₂ in CDCl₃. The reaction rate (k₁) seems independent of the concentration of H₂. A large negative entropy of activation (ΔS^≠=−24.9±5.7 cal deg⁻¹ mol⁻¹) and a relatively small enthalpy of activation (ΔH^≠=14.5±3.3 kcal mol⁻¹) were obtained in the temperature range 15∼35°C for the isomerization, 3b→4b under 1 atm of H₂.     

Synthesis,characterisation and reactions of pentacoordinated iridium(I) complexes

Stable, pentacoordinated iridium(I) complexes have been synthesised by the replacement of the chlorine in IrCO(PPh₃)₂Cl by bidentate chelating ligands such as β-diketones, N-benzoyl-N-phenyl hydroxylamine, salicylaldehyde, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2-hydroxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy 4-methoxybenzophenone. Most of them gave stable oxygen adducts IrCO(PPh₃)₂(L)O₂ and all of them underwent oxidative addition with bromine in methylene chloride giving IrCO(PPh₃)₂(L)Br₂. These chelated iridium(I) compounds reacted with liquid sulphur dioxide to produce two types of SO₂ insertion products.