Structural optimization design for large mirror

The system design must be started from the concept with low cost and high performance. In this point, the topological shape of the structure is very important in the view of the structural rigidities and light-weight design.In this paper, the optimization methodology is presented in the design stage of the large optical mirror. We obtain the optimal layout through the topology optimization and then design the details through the size or shape optimization for structural rigidity.     

基于集成分析法的光机热一体化设计

光机热一体化设计是改进空间光学仪器设计,优化系统总体设计参数的重要方法。集成分析法对设计方案综合性能的动态评估是一体化设计的核心,通过分析系统热光学性能,指导修改设计参数,实现系统光/机/热同步设计。以某空间光学仪器主镜系统的热控设计为例,介绍了这种方法在实际工程中的应用。     

Particle swarm optimization applied to automatic lens design

This paper describes a novel application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique to lens design. A mathematical model is constructed, and merit functions in an optical system are employed as fitness functions, which combined radiuses of curvature, thicknesses among lens surfaces and refractive indices regarding an optical system. By using this function, the aberration correction is carried out. A design example using PSO is given. Results show that PSO as optical design tools is practical and powerful, and this method is no longer dependent on the lens initial structure and can arbitrarily create search ranges of structural parameters of a lens system, which is an important step towards automatic design with artificial intelligence.     

Rotating type miniature camera phone multi-focal-length optical system

We have designed a practical mass produced rotating type miniature camera phone multi-focal-length optical system. The compact and short system, with 3× magnification, 1.3 megapixel sensor elements and total length of less than 10.7 mm, is described and evaluated in detail. Using Zemax lens design software, we start the design with thin lenses first order layout, and then spherical thick lenses, to aspherical lenses. Plastic lens materials are used whenever applicable, and diffractive lens elements are also employed to optimize the design. The beam spot diagrams and modulation transfer function of our design are found appropriate for good optical qualities.     

超紧凑型红外折反式光学系统设计

提出一种超紧凑型折反式红外光学系统设计方法，即系统的主、次镜均采用金属镜，后组采用红外透射材料，实现了总长/焦距比为0.55。在设计中重点分析系统的温度效应，并采取针对性设计，以达到准无热化设计的目的。同时对系统进行杂光分析，给出杂光抑制方案，并使用杂光分析软件对系统进行分析。结果表明：系统像面杂散辐射在0.5%以内，光学材料与结构材料的热胀系数配合得当，系统的热效应很好。     

点衍射干涉系统光学结构参数优化研究

采用时域有限差分方法,在分析点衍射波前误差的前提下,讨论了点衍射干涉系统中物镜数值孔径、针孔尺寸、检测的数值孔径对衍射光强的影响;逐步优化光学结构参数,得到不同光学结构参数之间的匹配数值表;通过比较点衍射干涉系统和Zygo干涉仪对球面镜的测量结果,得到测量面形误差的均方根之差为波长的1/1000,且获得的干涉条纹具有合适的对比度和亮度,验证了光学结构参数选择的合理性。     

分孔径红外偏振成像仪光学系统设计

为了在复杂及伪装的红外背景中识别出小温差目标,本文提出了一种基于分孔径的偏振成像系统结构,并对分孔径偏振成像系统所采用的分孔径成像系统及中继成像系统进行了设计研究。首先,根据Stokes矢量介绍了系统的工作理论和光学结构;其次,在现有探测器的结构参数要求下,计算出了光学系统的偏心量等参数,选择硅、锗作为透镜材料。在此基础上,确定了分孔径成像系统结构和中继成像系统结构。接着使用离轴偏心多重结构设计方法对初始结构进行了优化,研究了将普通红外物镜转变为具有实入瞳的像方远心结构的方法;最后,完成了分孔径成像系统和中继成像系统的整体系统匹配。设计结果表明,整体系统的调制传递函数在探测器奈奎斯特频率为17 lp/mm处大于0.6,能够满足系统的设计要求。本文设计的结构可以对探测目标实现实时偏振成像,且具有结构紧凑的优点。     

便携式多波段多光轴平行性检测仪设计

针对多波段多光轴观瞄仪对光轴平行性检测需求,提出便携式高精度光轴平行性检测仪设计方案。为了减小系统的体积,光学结构采用卡塞格林式准直系统,运用Zemax光学设计软件设计并优化了其光学及结构参数。采用ZnS玻璃作为分划板基底材料设计了多波段共光轴的综合靶标,并利用CCD的感光面作为激光光斑采集靶面,提高了便携性,检测仪器检校光轴一致性偏差在15以内。实验分析结果表明:设计方案满足观瞄仪的高精度校轴和野外快速测试的需求。     

光机热集成分析在高光谱成像仪紫外镜头中的应用

温度变化会影响紫外镜头各镜面面形和镜片间隔的变化,采用了光机热集成分析方法研究温度对紫外镜头成像质量的影响。论述光机热集成分析的基本流程和关键技术,采用Zernike多项式作为结构分析与光学分析之间的接口工具,在紫外镜头光学系统设计和机械结构设计的基础上,建立了紫外镜头的热 结构分析模型,得到各镜面面形和镜片间隔的变化结果,并将结果耦合到光学设计软件中进行像质分析。分析结果表明,在镜头的工作范围内,镜头的调制传递函数在12 lp/mm处均在0.7左右,能满足高光谱成像光谱仪的使用要求,同时也为光谱仪最后整机分析提供了参考。     

硅基光学相控阵性能评估方法

针对典型光学相控阵,建立了一套硅基光学相控阵芯片性能评估方法,为光学相控阵优化设计提供可靠的数据支撑.通过设计傅里叶成像系统对光学相控阵进行动态成像,能够实现对近场远场成像的同步观察.在该基础上设计校准方案对相控阵初始相位进行校准优化,同时对扫描速度、角度和精度等特性参数进行了从理论推导和仿真到测试系统结构设计的整体分...     

High sensitivity gas spectroscopy of porous, highly scattering solids

We present minimalistic and cost-efficient instrumentation employing tunable diode laser gas spectroscopy for the characterization of porous and highly scattering solids. The sensitivity reaches 3 x 10(-6) (absorption fraction), and the improvement with respect to previous work in this field is a factor of 10. We also provide the first characterization of the interference phenomenon encountered in high-resolution spectroscopy of turbid samples. Revealing that severe optical interference originates from the samples, we discuss important implications for system design. In addition, we introduce tracking coils and sample rotation as new and efficient tools for interference suppression. The great value of the approach is illustrated in an application addressing structural properties of pharmaceutical materials.     

多光谱共孔径无穷远目标器设计

为实现场外车载光电跟踪仪的各光轴一致性检校,提出一种利用多光谱共孔径无穷远目标器、转光管和移动机构来实现对各光轴检校的方法,并对目标器进行了光学设计和总体结构设计,对影响检校的主要误差进行了分析。目标器总体尺寸为750 mm×120 mm×100 mm,采用离轴双曲面反射式光学系统,焦距为1 200 mm,孔径为50 mm,视场2°,分划板采用ZnS材料,光源采用溴钨灯,利用Zemax光学设计软件优化系统,实现焦面最大弥散斑为RMS 35.766 μm, 在空间频率5 lp/mm处,OTF均高于0.3,各项指标满足检校要求。     

Design, tolerancing and stray light analyses of a freeform HMD optical system

We are presenting the results of a freeform HMD optical system design. The tolerancing and stray light analyses are carried out to analyze the optical performance of this system. Results are discussed in detail.     

Measurements of structure-induced polarization features in forward scattering from collections of cylindrical fibers

Many applications in remote sensing, material sciences and biomedical field are characterized by a transition domain between single scattering and multiple-scattering regimes. This regime is described by typical polarization features which can be used to retrieve structural information. An electronically agile technique was used for measuring in real time the Stokes vectors of light incident on and emerging from an inhomogeneous medium. Subsequently, the Mueller matrix associated with the scattering medium is determined. We focus our attention on forward scattering from systems consisting of random as well as partially oriented long cylindrical fibers. We discuss the effects of: (1) shape of individual scattering centers, (2) structure parameter, and (3) optical density of the scattering medium. The anisotropic behavior of the structure function at different packing fractions determines nontrivial characteristics of the polarization transfer. The complex effective index of refraction can be polarization dependent as a result of the optical anisotropy due to both the shape of the individual scatterers and the structure characteristics of the scattering system. Some of the Mueller matrix elements are shown to be related to the optical anisotropy of the system for the case of long cylindrical fibers. The polarization efficiency, the structure parameter, and the packing fraction are used to quantify this relationship. We also found that some of the matrix elements are more sensitive to the degree of structural anisotropy and the packing fraction, while other elements are sensitive to structural non-uniformities across the investigated area.     

Optimization of 350× optical zoom lens with diffractive optical element

Through researching and validating, a set of optical designs using a diffractive optical element (DOE) and optimization process has been derived in this paper. We put forward a set of theories to solve the numerous quality issues in imaging and applied it to an optical design. For an optical design to be successful, it must comply with the standards of the optical system. Optical designers must also take into consideration imaging quality, wherein the most influential aspects are chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberration. We complied with systemic standards such as effective focal length and total system length. Diffractive Optical Element, based on the theory of wave phase difference, takes advantage of negative Abbe number, which might significantly eliminate chromatic aberrations of optics. Following the advanced technology applied to micro lens and etching process, precisely made micro DOE element now is possible to be manufactured in a large number. A 350× zoom lens with DOE is demonstrated in the proposal. The results show that regardless of whether chromatic aberration is axial or longitudinal, issues concerning the optical lens's chromatic aberration could be significantly reduced.     

主三镜一体化离轴三反光学天线设计

为提高空间激光通信离轴三反光学天线的装调效率,需要对反射镜总的装调自由度进行优化设计。基于共轴三反无焦系统的设计原理,提出一种主三镜一体化的设计方法,并推导了光学系统结构参数之间的关系,利用Zemax光学软件设计了一种结构紧凑、主三镜一体化的离轴三反光学天线。设计结果表明:全视场光学像质优于衍射极限,主镜和三镜空间位置相接近,可共母板加工和面形共基准检测,为主三镜的一体化加工提供了方法。光学天线的装调自由度减少了6个,降低了装调难度,提高了装调效率。     

利用CODE V设计含有自由曲面的光学系统

由于自由曲面灵活的空间布局和设计自由度，使光学系统的结构得到了简化，像质得到了提高。本文通过设计实例详细介绍了在光学设计软件CODE V中运用用户自定义面型UDS（user defined surface）的功能和计算机动态链接库DLL(dynamic link library)软件技术设计含有自由曲面光学系统的方法。通过利用此方法设计了球面和锥面光学系统，验证了其准确性和可靠性。并且利用此项技术设计了含有自由曲面的光学系统，使光学系统达到了质量轻、体积小的设计目标。此项技术扩充了CODE V软件的功能，有效地拓宽了CODE V计算复杂面型的能力。     

空间光学遥感器控制器机电热一体化设计

根据空间电子设备机电热一体化设计思想,设计了高分辨率空间光学遥感器的控制器,以验证一体化设计的优势和效果。概括了空间电子设备的一体化设计流程。针对空间光学遥感器控制器的研制提出了相应的一体化设计原则。说明了控制器的各电路板和大功率元器件的设计方案。通过热、力学仿真分析和试验手段对设计方案进行了验证。结果表明:控制器元器件的最高壳温在51℃以内,整机的前三阶模态均高于100Hz。设计方案完全满足热控、刚度等设计指标要求。     

抑制大型折叠腔结构光斑抖动技术的研究

针对光腔镜盒的真空变形和振动对精密光学系统的影响,分析了传统刚性连接的光学调整架平台以及球关节连接结构在减振降噪设计的不足,从支撑和柔性密封连接的角度,设计了隔离振动和光腔镜盒真空变形的精密光学调整架平台,对应用于大型折叠腔的双层光学调整架平台的动力学特性进行ANSYS仿真,并完成了光斑抖动验证实验。结果显示框架式双层光学调整架平台的第一阶弹性体频率可达到126.5,172.3Hz,很好地满足折叠腔光学调整架平台的使用要求;应用在大型折叠腔,抽真空试验前后He-Ne导引光输出光斑位置无变化,形状变化很小,出光过程中输出抖动角均方根值为3.73″,隔离振动传递效果明显。     

高速切换紧凑型双视场无热化红外光学系统设计

采用透射二次成像光学系统结构形式,实现了远射比为1,F数为1.67,变倍比为4.6的红外双视场光学系统设计。采用光学元件切换变倍方式,配合电磁阀切换机构实现了60 ms的变倍速率;采用光学被动补偿方式,通过适当的光学和结构材料匹配,实现了-40~+50℃无热化设计。设计结果表明：光学系统在不同温度下各视场调制传递函数在特征频率为20 lp/mm时接近衍射极限,空间排布紧凑,视场切换速度快,该双视场红外光学系统满足应用需求。