Besov spaces andK-functionals inL p, 0<p<1*

We investigate Besov spaces and their connection with trigonometric polynomial approximation inL _p[−π,π], algebraic polynomial approximation inL _p[−1,1], algebraic polynomial approximation inL _p(S), and entire function of exponential type approximation inL _p(R), and characterizeK-functionals for certain pairs of function spaces including (L _p[−π,π],B _s ^a(L _p[−π,π])), (L _p(R),_s ^a(L_p(R))), , and , where 0<s≤∞, 0<p<1,S is a simple polytope and 0<α<r. This project is supported by the National Science Foundation of China.     

Best simultaneous Lp approximations

In this paper we study simultaneous approximation of n real-valued functions in L _p[a, b] and give a generalization of some related results.     

Approximation by Kantorovich-Bernstein polynomials inL p(0<p<1)-metric

The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the error of the approximation of the function f∈L₁[0,1] by Kantorovich-Bernstein polynomials in L_p-metric (0<p<1).     

Rearrangement invariant subspaces of Lorentz function spaces

The main result is that for 2≦q≦p<∞ the only subspaces of the Lorentz function spaceL _pq [0, 1] which are isomorphic to r.i. function spaces on [0, 1] are, up to equivalent renormings,L _pq [0, 1] andL ₂[0, 1].     

On the relationship between functions with the same optimal knots in spline and piecewise polynomial approximation

The relationship between functions with the same optimal knots for L₂[0, 1] approximation by kth order splines or piecewise polynomials is investigated. It is shown that if two functions have positive continuous kth derivatives they will have the same optimal knots if and only if they differ by a polynomial of order k. An application to design selection for continuous time regression is considered and extensions to L_p approximation are also provided.     

Integral Transforms of Functionals in L 2(C a,b [0,T])

In this paper we use generalized Fourier-Hermite functionals to obtain a complete orthonormal set in L ²(C _a,b [0,T]) where C _a,b [0,T] is a very general function space. We then proceed to give a necessary and sufficient condition that a functional F in L ²(C _a,b [0,T]) has an integral transform ℱ _γ,β F also belonging to L ²(C _a,b [0,T]).     

Approximation of functions of boundedp-variation by polynomials in terms of the faber-schauder system

In this paper the best polynomial approximation in terms of the system of Faber-Schauder functions in the spaceC _p [0, 1] is studied. The constant in the estimate of Jackson’s inequality for the best approximation in the metric ofC _p [0, 1] and the estimate of the modulus of continuity ω_1−1/p are refined. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 363–371, September, 1997. Translated by N. K. Kulman     

Three-monotone spline approximation

For r≥3, n∈N and each 3-monotone continuous function f on [a,b] (i.e., f is such that its third divided differences [x₀,x₁,x₂,x₃]f are nonnegative for all choices of distinct points x₀,…,x₃ in [a,b]), we construct a spline s of degree r and of minimal defect (i.e., s∈C^r−1[a,b]) with n−1 equidistant knots in (a,b), which is also 3-monotone and satisfies ‖f−s‖_L∞[a,b]≤cω₄(f,n⁻¹,[a,b])_∞, where ω₄(f,t,[a,b])_∞ is the (usual) fourth modulus of smoothness of f in the uniform norm. This answers in the affirmative the question raised in [8, Remark 3], which was the only remaining unproved Jackson-type estimate for uniform 3-monotone approximation by piecewise polynomial functions (ppfs) with uniformly spaced fixed knots.Moreover, we also prove a similar estimate in terms of the Ditzian–Totik fourth modulus of smoothness for splines with Chebyshev knots, and show that these estimates are no longer valid in the case of 3-monotone spline approximation in the L_p norm with p<∞. At the same time, positive results in the L_p case with p<∞ are still valid if one allows the knots of the approximating ppf to depend on f while still being controlled.These results confirm that 3-monotone approximation is the transition case between monotone and convex approximation (where most of the results are “positive”) and k-monotone approximation with k≥4 (where just about everything is “negative”).     

Estimates of Best Approximation and Fourier Transforms in Integral Metrics

Under some assumptions on a function F and its Fourier transform we prove new estimates of best approximation of F by entire functions of exponential type σ in L_p( ), 1 ≤ p < 2. The proof is based on some inequalities for in L₁( ) which may be treated as generalizations of results of Bausov and Telyakovskii. As an application we obtain exact estimates of best approximation of some infinitely differentiable functions.     

Near Best Tree Approximation

Tree approximation is a form of nonlinear wavelet approximation that appears naturally in applications such as image compression and entropy encoding. The distinction between tree approximation and the more familiar n-term wavelet approximation is that the wavelets appearing in the approximant are required to align themselves in a certain connected tree structure. This makes their positions easy to encode. Previous work [4,6] has established upper bounds for the error of tree approximation for certain (Besov) classes of functions. This paper, in contrast, studies tree approximation of individual functions with the aim of characterizing those functions with a prescribed approximation error. We accomplish this in the case that the approximation error is measured in L ₂, or in the case p2, in the Besov spaces B _p ⁰(L _p ), which are close to (but not the same as) L _p . Our characterization of functions with a prescribed approximation order in these cases is given in terms of a certain maximal function applied to the wavelet coefficients.     

Approximation ofk-Monotone Functions

It is shown that an algebraic polynomial of degree k−1 which interpolates ak-monotone functionfatkpoints, sufficiently approximates it, even if the points of interpolation are close to each other. It is well known that this result is not true in general for non-k-monotone functions. As an application, we prove a (positive) result on simultaneous approximation of ak-monotone function and its derivatives inL_p, 0<p<1, metric, and also show that the rate of the best algebraic approximation ofk-monotone functions (with bounded (k−2)nd derivatives inL_p, 1<p<∞, iso(n^−k/p).     

Simultaneous best approximation by three polynomials

Let [a, b] be any interval and let p₀, p₁, p_k be any three polynomials of degrees 0, 1, k, respectively, where k 2. A set of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an f in C[a, b] such that p_i is the best approximation to f from the space of all polynomials of degree less than or equal to i, for all i = 0, 1, k, is given.     

Fully discrete Galerkin approximations of parabolic boundary-value problems with nonsmooth boundary data

Summary In this paper we study the convergence properties of a fully discrete Galerkin approximation with a backwark Euler time discretization scheme. An approach based on semigroup theory is used to deal with the nonsmooth Dirichlet boundary data which cannot be handled by standard techniques. This approach gives rise to optimal rates of convergence inL _p[O,T;L ₂()] norms for boundary conditions inL _p[O,T;L ₂()], 1p.     

On approximating periodic functions using linear approximation methods

In the paper, a generalization of a known theorem by Hardy and Young is obtained; a formula interrelating the integral of a 2π-periodic function over the period with the integral over the entire axis is established; new approximation characteristics for functions belonging to saturation classes of continuity modules of different orders for the spaces L_p of periodic functions are provided, and some issues concerning approximation, in the uniform metric, of continuous periodic functions even with respect to each of their variables and having nonnegative Fourier coefficients are considered. Bibliography: 17 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 337, 2006, pp. 134–164.     

Boundary control of parabolic systems: Finite-element approximation

Finite-element approximation of a Dirichlet type boundary control problem for parabolic systems is considered. An approach based on the direct approximation of an input-output semigroup formula is applied. Error estimates inL ₂[OT; L ₂()] andL ₂[OT; L ₂()] norms are derived for optimal state and optimal control, respectively. It turns out that these estimates areoptimal with respect to the approximation theoretic properties.Research supported in part under Grant no. NSG 4015, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.     

The Jackson theorem inB a spaces

As everyone knows, the classical Jackson theorem in approximation theory was generalized in L_p spaces by R. A. Devore^[4]. In this paper, we proved the Jackson theorem in B_a spaces which introduced by Ding Xia Xi.     

Characterization of generalized convex functions by their best approximation in sign-monotone norms

Let {u₀, u₁,… u_{n − 1}} and {u₀, u₁,…, u_n} be Tchebycheff-systems of continuous functions on [a, b] and let f ε C[a, b] be generalized convex with respect to {u₀, u₁,…, u_{n − 1}}. In a series of papers ([1], [2], [3]) D. Amir and Z. Ziegler discuss some properties of elements of best approximation to f from the linear spans of {u₀, u₁,…, u_{n − 1}} and {u₀, u₁,…, u_n} in the L_p-norms, 1 p ∞, and show (under different conditions for different values of p) that these properties, when valid for all subintervals of [a, b], can characterize generalized convex functions. Their methods of proof rely on characterizations of elements of best approximation in the L_p-norms, specific for each value of p. This work extends the above results to approximation in a wider class of norms, called “sign-monotone,” [6], which can be defined by the property: ¦ f(x)¦ ¦ g(x)¦,f(x)g(x) 0, a x b, imply f g . For sign-monotone norms in general, there is neither uniqueness of an element of best approximation, nor theorems characterizing it. Nevertheless, it is possible to derive many common properties of best approximants to generalized convex functions in these norms, by means of the necessary condition proved in [6]. For {u₀, u₁,…, u_n} an Extended-Complete Tchebycheff-system and f ε C⁽ⁿ⁾[a, b] it is shown that the validity of any of these properties on all subintervals of [a, b], implies that f is generalized convex. In the special case of f monotone with respect to a positive function u₀(x), a converse theorem is proved under less restrictive assumptions.     

Polyharmonic Approximation on the Sphere

The purpose of this article is to provide new error estimates for a popular type of spherical basis function (SBF) approximation on the sphere: approximating by linear combinations of Green’s functions of polyharmonic differential operators. We show that the L _p approximation order for this kind of approximation is σ for functions having L _p smoothness σ (for σ up to the order of the underlying differential operator, just as in univariate spline theory). This improves previous error estimates, which penalized the approximation order when measuring error in L _p , p>2 and held only in a restrictive setting when measuring error in L _p , p<2.     

Remarks on a nonlinear complementarity problem

A class of nonlinear complementarity problems defined by monotone operators is considered in the spaceL _p [a,b], and an existence theorem is established using Tarski's fixed-point theorem.