超声辅助液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱指纹图谱应用于烟用香精香料的检测

采用超声辅助液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法,建立了烟用香精香料的指纹图谱。以二氯甲烷-乙醇(9+1)混合溶液为萃取溶剂,饱和氯化钠溶液为水相,超声萃取10min,对1187号烟用香精香料样品进样检测。共检出了25个组分,对其中的23个组分进行了定性。11个批次的样品色谱图显示了较高的相似性,并运用主成分分析法(PCA)区分了添加其它香精香料的掺兑样品。方法可以用于考察烟用香精香料的质量。     

气相色谱法测定电子烟烟液中烟酮的含量

取电子烟烟液0.500 0g,加入乙醇5mL制成待测溶液,用气相色谱法测定其中烟酮的含量。首先用气相色谱-质谱法确定标准品中烟酮的5个同分异构体目标峰的保留时间,然后通过对标准品溶液及样品溶液的色谱峰面积比计算烟酮在烟液中的含量。在气相色谱及气相色谱-质谱分析,选用了相同型号的非极性色谱柱HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱,以空白电子烟液为基体,在5个浓度水平上加入烟酮标准溶液,按气相色谱法进行测定。测得平均回收率在91.3%~92.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~0.94%之间。     

气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器分析茶叶中杀螟丹的残留

介绍了一种快速、灵敏、可靠的适用于茶叶样品中杀螟丹残留量的气相色谱分析方法。茶叶样品经过0.05 mol/L盐酸溶液提取,液-液分配净化,在碱性条件下用正己烷萃取提取液中的杀螟丹,用毛细管气相色谱法-微池电子捕获检测器（μ-ECD）测定杀螟丹的残留量。结果表明：样品的添加回收率为70.2%~92.0%,相对标准偏差小于10%,方法的检测低限为0.01 mg/kg,符合农药残留分析的要求。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素的含量。烟用香精香料样品与萃取剂的比例为1g比100mL,在500W下超声萃取10min。在气相色谱分离中用DBWAXETR毛细管柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。以丙酸苯乙酯为内标物。香兰素和乙基香兰素的线性范围均为0.5~200mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.03,0.02mg·kg-1。加标回收率在91.4%~109%之间,测定值的日内相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.43%~2.2%之间,日间相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.67%~2.6%之间。     

莪术药材的闪蒸气相色谱测定及其模式识别分析研究

建立了莪术药材的闪蒸-气相色谱法(FE-GC),采用FE-GC测定了3个产地的9个莪术样品.0.4mg的粉末样品, 在200℃下闪蒸,经色谱分离,基于闪蒸色谱图上分离鉴定到的35个共有峰的相对强度,结合化学模式识别即主成分分析和系统聚类分析法对莪术样品进行了鉴别分析.3个产地的莪术样品可以很好地得到区别.本法快速、简便、准确, 不失为药材质量控制的良好方法.     

在线甲基衍生化-气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中油酸

提出了在线甲基衍生化-气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中油酸的方法。烟用香精香料样品与四甲基氢氧化铵溶液(衍生化试剂)同时进样,在280℃气相进样口瞬间生成油酸甲酯。在气相色谱分离中用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式,以萘为内标物。油酸的线性范围为25~1 000mg·kg~(-1),方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.35mg·kg~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为1.10 mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为92.6%~98.8%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.2%~6.3%。     

烟用香精香料的固相微萃取-气相色谱指纹图谱及系统聚类分析

建立了1115烟用香精香料的气相色谱指纹图谱。选择65μm的PDMS/DVB作为萃取头的涂层,萃取温度及萃取时间分别为70℃和45min。用TEKNOKROMA TBR-5石英毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。应用所提出的方法分析了9个不同批次的1115烟用香精香料样品,结合系统聚类分析法区分了不同批次的样品指纹图谱,并通过掺兑试验进一步验证了方法用于烟用香精质量控制的可行性。     

用微波消解气相色谱法测定鱼肉中的有机氯农药

研究了微波消解 -有机溶剂提取 -气相色谱法测定鱼肉样品中有机氯农药的分析方法。对消解液、微波辅助加热条件及提取溶剂进行了优化实验 ,选择冰醋酸 -高氯酸 (体积比4∶1)在600W微波功率下接受辐射2min分解鱼肉样品 ,用30 % (φ)苯的石油醚溶液提取 ,对各种有机氯农药的回收率除 p,p′_DDT为60.3 %外 ,其余均在83.4 %～109.6 %之间 ,与水浴加热分解的国家标准方法相当。该法具有快速 ,灵敏度、精确度、准确度高等优点 ,适用于大批量食品和生物样品中有机氯农药的分析测定。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析电子烟烟液中的香味成分

为了检测电子烟烟液中的香味成分,建立了固相萃取-气相色谱质谱检测方法。利用Li Chrolut EN固相萃取柱富集香味成分,以二氯甲烷为洗脱剂,洗脱液用气相色谱串联质谱分析。方法能有效富集烟液中的香味物质,排除雾化剂(甘油、丙二醇)对香味成分的干扰;重复性较好,大部分化合物峰面积相对标准偏差小于10%。利用该方法分析了4种烟液样品,结果不同口味电子烟所含香味成分差别较大。     

基质固相分散-全二维气相色谱-质谱法分析电子烟烟液中的化学成分

建立了基质固相分散-全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(MSPD-GC×GC-TOFMS)检测电子烟烟液中化学成分的分析方法。采用硅藻土为分散剂处理电子烟烟液,以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂震荡提取其中的化学成分,提取溶液用GC×GC-TOFMS分析。结果表明:基质固相分散方法可有效降低样品基质中丙二醇和丙三醇对目标成分的干扰;全二维气相色谱具有更高的分辨率和灵敏度,分析结果更可靠;方法重复性好,各成分测定的相对标准偏差小于9.9%;方法准确度高,考察了6种化合物的加标回收率在90.8%～114.8%之间。     

铁皮石斛的裂解气相色谱指纹图谱及其系统聚类分析

采用裂解气相色谱/质谱法(Py-GC/MS)测定了10种不同产地的铁皮石斛并结合系统聚类分析法比较了这些铁皮石斛的指纹图谱,采用释放气体分析法考察了裂解温度对指纹图谱的影响。结果表明,0.4 mg样品在450 ℃下可瞬间裂解,10种样品的指纹图谱具有相似性,且重现性好;采用系统聚类分析能区别不同产地的样品。本法快速、简便、准确,不失为药材质量控制的良好方法。     

Discrimination of the Traditional Chinese Medicine from Schisandra Fruits by Flash Evaporation-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Fingerprint Analysis

Flash evaporation-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (FE-GC/MS) with 0.3 mg sample powder in a vertical microfurnace pyrolyzer at 300 °C was applied to analyze Schisandra fruits without any tedious pretreatment. In total, 80 compounds, 74 compounds of which were identified, were observed, including low-molecular-weight compounds, essential oils (especially terpenoids), fatty acids and esters, and lignans, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the relative percent of peak areas less than 7.79 % (n = 5). 32 compounds of terpenoids and lignans were selected as fingerprint components, since they are the main bioactive constituents in Schisandra fruits. The standard characteristic fingerprints of S. chinensis fruits and S. sphenantherae fruits were established, based on the 32 fingerprint components of 11 genuine S. chinensis fruit samples and 9 genuine S. sphenantherae fruit samples. The discrimination of samples from different growing places was achieved by principle component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Furthermore, a similarity evaluation method was developed to evaluate the quality of each Schisandra fruit sample on the basis of the 32 fingerprint components. The results proved that the FE-GC fingerprint combined with a chemometric approach is a simple, rapid, and effective method for the origin discrimination and quality control of Schisandra fruits.

     

Evaluation and discrimination of cortex Magnoliae officinalis produced in Zhejiang Province (Wen-Hou-Po) by UPLC-DAD-TOF-MS fingerprint

An ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem TOF mass spectrometric (UPLC-DAD-TOF-MS) fingerprinting method was developed for the quality control and source discrimination of Cortex magnoliae officinalis produced in Zhejiang Province (Wen-Hou-Po). Twelve samples of Wen-Hou-Po collected from two species in five areas in Zhejiang Province of China were used to establish the fingerprint. Data were evaluated statistically using similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) in order to establish a similarity standard of fingerprint for quality control of Wen-Hou-Po, then to classify the Wen-Hou-Po samples and to identify key categorizing parameters. The similarity indexes were all above 0.95 between the reference chromatogram and that of each sample. By comparing the UV and MS data with those of the authentic standards and literature, nine main peaks in the fingerprints were identified. The result of hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the samples from two species in five areas could be divided into two distinct groups (the same as the groups of the samples divided by their species) based on their compositional fingerprints. A rapid and convenient discriminant function was then established to discriminate the species of unknown Wen-Hou-Po, and the cross validation result was 100%. In this study, the methods established are reliable, and could be used to evaluate the quality and to identify the species of Wen-Hou-Po in the future.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法建立烟用香精指纹图谱

采用固相微萃取法(SPME)对6批次的烟用HMT-4香精成分进行提取,GC/MS对其进行分析,建立了该香精的GC/MS指纹图谱的研究方法。通过参兑实验考察了色谱指纹图谱用于香精质量控制的可行性。结果表明:SPME法具有操作简便、快速、节能、萃取效率高等特点,适合于烟用香精成分的提取。6批次的HMT-4香精的指纹图谱稳定性好,相似度高,具有很强的特征性和唯一性。通过参兑实验发现色谱指纹图谱能全面、综合、准确地反映烟用香精的质量情况,可以成为烟用香精质量控制的有效手段。     

基于挥发性组分的气相色谱指纹图谱评价沉香化气片质量

建立了沉香化气片的气相色谱指纹图谱,并结合化学模式识别评价20批沉香化气片的质量。乙醇超声提取20批沉香化气片的挥发性成分,以正十八烷为内标,分析了3个主要组分的含量,且以内标计算其他各组分的相对峰面积,建立了沉香化气片的气相色谱指纹图谱,确定了11个共有峰,得到了各批次样品的相似度,并通过气相色谱-质谱法和对照品比对对10个共有峰进行了指认。将获得的峰面积指纹图谱采用系统聚类分析和主成分分析进行化学模式识别研究,实现了不同批次沉香化气片的区分,发现了造成不同批次样品差异的主要标记物。该方法有效且综合性强,为科学评价与有效控制沉香化气片的质量提供了可靠的参考。     

Quantitative Analysis and Chromatographic Fingerprinting of WeiChangShu Tablet Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Chemometric Methods

WeiChangShu tablet is used for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders for more than 10 years. However, no quality control method for this formulation has been established. Hence, it is important to establish a simple and effective method for chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative analysis to assess the quality of WeiChangShu tablet. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to obtain a fingerprint chromatogram, and to simultaneously determine 11 indexes including hydroxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, peoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, rhein, aloeemodin, physcion, emodin, chrysophanol, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizinic acid. After the methodology validation, the chromatographic fingerprints and the contents of 11 compounds in 10 samples were obtained successfully to evaluate the uniformity of the quality of WeiChangShu tablet. Three chemometric methods including similarity analysis, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to classify and differentiate the different samples, and to evaluate the consistency of 10 samples of WeiChangShu tablet. A similar division was observed for 10 samples, and they were divided into three groups: group 1 (S1, S2), group 2 (S6–S9), and group 3 (S3–S5, S10). These results demonstrated that the developed method was suitable for the quality evaluation of WeiChangShu tablet.     

Quality control and original discrimination of Ganoderma lucidum based on high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprints and combined chemometrics methods

In this paper, the feasibility and advantages of employing high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprints combined with chemometrics methods for quality control of the cultured fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum were investigated and demonstrated for the first time. In order to compare the HPLC fingerprints chromatograms between G. lucidum from different origins, the similarities of all the 60 samples and relative peak areas of 19 characteristic compounds were firstly calculated respectively. Then different pattern recognition procedures, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were applied to classify the G. lucidum samples according to their cultivated origins. Consistent results were obtained to show that G. lucidum samples could be successfully grouped in accordance with the province of origin. Furthermore, four marker constituents were screened out to be the most discriminant variables, which could be applied to accurate discrimination and quality control of G. lucidum by quantitative analysis. Finally, the chemical properties of those samples were also investigated to find out the differences of quality between them. Ranked in decreasing order, the quality of the G. lucidum can be arranged as Jinzhai/Huangshan, Shandong followed by Zhejiang samples. Our results revealed that the developed method has potential perspective for the original discrimination and quality control of G. lucidum.     

Geographical classification of Epimedium based on HPLC fingerprint analysis combined with multi‐ingredients quantitative analysis

A reliable and comprehensive method for identifying the origin and assessing the quality of Epimedium has been developed. The method is based on analysis of HPLC fingerprints, combined with similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and multi‐ingredient quantitative analysis. Nineteen batches of Epimedium , collected from different areas in the western regions of China, were used to establish the fingerprints and 18 peaks were selected for the analysis. Similarity analysis, HCA and PCA all classified the 19 areas into three groups. Simultaneous quantification of the five major bioactive ingredients in the Epimedium samples was also carried out to confirm the consistency of the quality tests. These methods were successfully used to identify the geographical origin of the Epimedium samples and to evaluate their quality.     

Simultaneous determination of 14 constituents of Radix polygoni multiflori from different geographical areas by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Radix polygoni multiflori (RPM) has antioxidative, anti‐aging, liver‐protective and antihuman cytomegalovirus activity. It has been proved to be hepatotoxic. Considering multiple ingredients to control RPM quality is essential. The aim of this study was to establish a simple, rapid method using resolution liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadruple mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the major bioactive constituents in RPM. The method was applied to analyze 14 marker batches from manufacturers from the same province. The ultrasonic extracts of all samples were determined by LC‐MS/MS, and assessed by hierarchical cluster analysis. The proposed method was applied to analyze 21 batches of samples with acceptable linearity (R², 0.9930–0.9998), precision (relative standard deviation, RSD, 0.45–4.73%) repeatability (RSD, 1.14–9.41%), stability (RSD, 1.29–12.88%) and recovery (RSD, 1.80–12.15%) of the 14 compounds. Furthermore, the hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to classify 21 samples on the basis of characteristics of the 14 compound markers. The developed method was demonstrated to be simple, sensitive and reproducible, and has significant importance and comprehensive evaluation for quality control of RPM and related preparations. Hierarchical cluster analysis clearly indicated that the RPM from the same province was similar, whereas samples of RPM from different provinces were significantly different. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.