2004 International Powder/Bulk Conference & Exhibition

INTEX Shanghai, Shanghai, China Conference & Exhibition Date: October 12~14, 2004 (Adapted from the first call for applications and paper abstracts) Hosts: Chinese Society of Particuology Promotion Committee for Hi-tech Industrialization of China Shanghai Science Technology Exhibition Co., Ltd. Sponsors: Trans Tech Publications The Powder/Bulk Portal Organizers: Worldwide Exhibitions Service Co., Ltd. Shanghai Science Technology Exhibition Co., Ltd.Background Following the su…     

Memorial to Xuesen Qian

Xuesen Qian （Hsue-Shen Tsien）, the father of China＇s rocketry and space technology, was born in Shanghai on 11 December 1911. He graduated from the Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934 and received a degree in mechanical engineering there. He then spent an internship at Nanchang Air Force Base. Qian left China for the United States in 1935 to study mechanical engineering and earned Master＇s Degree of Science from MIT 1 year later.     

2004 China International Exposition ＆ Forum on Innovative Materials, Processes ＆ Application （IMPA 2004）

Hosted by Beijing Advanced Materials Development Center (AMDC), Shanghai Society for Advanced Materials andNational New Materials Strategy Consulting Committee, the 2004 China International Exposition & Forum on InnovativeMaterials, Processes & Application (IMPA 2004), was held in Central Garden Hotel and Hai Dian Exhibition Center, Beijing,China, on September 21-24, 2004. The conference consisted of five sections: General Forum, Summit for Domestic and Foreign Entrepreneur…     

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics

This journal is on applied mathematics and mechanics published in the People's Republic of China. Our editorial committee,headed by Professor Chien Wei-zang,Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences,President of Shanghai University,and Professor Zhou Zhe-wei,consists of scientists in the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics all over China.     

APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS

This journal is on applied mathematics and mechanics published in the People‘s Republic of China. Our editorial committee, headed by Prof. Chien Wei-zang, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, President of Shanghai University, and Prof. Zhou Zhe-wei, consists of scientists in the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics all over China.     

Possible effects of climate change of wind on aerosol variation during winter in Shanghai,China

Several data sets were introduced to investigate the possible effects of climate-change-related variation of wind on aerosol concentration during winter in Shanghai,China.These data sets included the daily wind speed,wind direction,visibility,and precipitation from "1956 to 2010,hourly PM₁₀ concentration from 2008 to 2010,and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of global atmospheric circulation from 1956 to2010.The trend of aerosol concentration and its correlations with wind speed and wind direction in winter were analyzed.Results indicated that there was an increase in the number of haze days in winter of 2.1 days/decade.Aerosol concentration,represented by PM₁₀ in this study,was highly correlated to both wind speed and direction in winter.The PM₁₀ concentration increased as wind speed decreased,reaching maximum values under static wind conditions.The PM₁₀ concentration was relatively lower under easterly winds and higher under westerly winds.The analysis showed that weaker East Asia winter monsoons have resulted in a reduction of wind speed,increase in static wind frequency,and decline in the frequency of northerly winds since the 1980 s.Moreover,the rapid expansion of urban construction in Shanghai has changed the underlying surface considerably,which has led to a reduction in wind speed.Finally,a wind factor was defined to estimate the combined effects of wind speed and wind direction on aerosol concentrations in Shanghai.The analysis of this factor indicated that changes in atmosphere circulation and urbanization have had important effects on the number of winter haze days in Shanghai.     

APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS

This journal is on applied mathematics and mechanics published in the People‘ s Republic of China. Our editorial committee, headed by Professor Chien Wei-zang, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, President of Shanghai University, and Professor Zhou Zhe-wei, consists of scientists in the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics all over China.     

APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS （English Edition）

This journal is on applied mathematics and mechanics published in the People＇s Republic of China. Our editorial committee, headed by Professor Chien Weizang, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, President of Shanghai University, and Professor Zhou Zhe-wei, consists of scientists in the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics all over China.     

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics

This journal is on applied mathematics and mechanics published in the People＇s Republic of China. Our editorial committee, headed by Professor Chien Wei-zang, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, President of Shanghai University, and Professor Zhou Zhe-wei, consists of scientists in the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics all over China.     

APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS

This journal is on applied mathematics and mechanics published in the People‘s Republic of China. Our editorial committee, headed by Professor Chien Wei-zang, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, President of Shanghai University, and Professor Zhou Zhe-wei, consists of scientists in the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics all over China.     

APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS

This journal is on applied mathematics and mechanics published in the People＇s Republic of China. Our editorial committee, headed by Professor Chien Wei-zang, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, President of Shanghai University, and Professor Zhou Zhe-wei, consists of scientists in the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics all over China.     

In Memory of Our Honorary Editor-in-Chief Editorial Board of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics

Chien Wei-zang,one of the founders of modern mechanics in China,a world renowned scientist,educator,outstanding social leader,prominent leader of the Chinese Democratic League and a close friend of the Communist Party of China,the Vice Chairman of the 6th,7th,8th,and 9th National Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Vice Chairman of the 5th, 6th, and 7th Central Committee of Chinese Democratic League, the Honorary Chairman of the 7th, 8th, and 9th Central Committee of Chinese Democratic League, a senior member of Chinese Academy of Science, the President of Shanghai University, the Director of Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, and the Honorary Editor-in Chief of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Passed away at the age of 98 in Shanghai at 6:20 AM on July 30,2010.     

APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS

This journal is on applied mathematics and mechanics published in the People’s Republic of China.Our editorial committee,headed by Prof.Chien Wei2zang,Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences,President of Shanghai University,and Prof.Zhou Zhe_wei,consists of scientists in the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics all over China. Founded by Prof.ChienWei_zang in May1980as a quarterly,AMMbecame a bimonthly in1981and then a monthly in1985.It is a comprehensiv…     

APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS

This journal is on applied mathematics and mechanics published in the People' s Republic of China. Our editorial committee, headed by Professor Chien Wei-zang, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, President of Shanghai University, and Professor Zhou Zhe-wei, consists of scientists in the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics all over China. Founded by Professor Chien Wei-zang in May 1980 as a quarterly, AMM became a bimonthly in 1981 and then a monthly in 1985. It is a comprehensive journal carrying original research papers     

Aerosol pollution in China： Present and future impact on environment

With its dense population, rapid economic growth and dramatic rate of urbanization, China is experiencing extreme air pollution problems. This is particularly the case in Central-Eastern China （CEC）, where the two major cities of Beijing and Tianjin are located, in the Yangtze-River Delta （YRD） with the city of Shanghai, and in the Pearl-River Delta （PRD） with the mega-city of Gnangzhou. Space observations show that the atmospheric aerosol load in these three regions is considerably higher than, for example, in the urbanized regions of Europe and North America. The high aerosol concentrations in these regions have raised many environmental problems, such as impact on human health, visibility, and climate changes. In this paper, several crucial issues regarding aerosol pollution in these highly populated regions （CEC, YRD, and PRD） are discussed, including （1） when the aerosol load starts to rapidly increase in these regions; （2） how the high aerosol concentrations affects the environment; and （3） what the potential consequences are under possible low aerosol load in these regions. Discussion on these crucial issues might lead to some insight for better understanding of the characterizations of aerosol pollution due to the rapid economical development in China.     

In Memory of Prof.Mooson Kwauk

Prof.Mooson Kwauk,founder and Editor-in-Chief of Particuology, passed away peacefully due to illness on November 20,2012 in Beijing at the age of 92.His funeral was held at Beijing Babaoshan Cemetery on November 26,attended by more than 1000 mourners. Mooson was born in Hanyang,Hubei Province,China,on June 24,1920,and raised in Shanghai.His father was a senior engineer and government official;his mother was a teacher.After graduating from the University of Shanghai with a degree in chemistry in 1943, he completed his master’s degree in chemical engineering under the supervision of Prof.Richard H.Wilhelm at Princeton University in 1946,publishing a paper entitled "Fluidization of Solid Particles" in 1948.It was this paper that was to prove his greatest success in fluidization,classifying the first time two distinctive modes of fluidization:aggregative and particulate. Leaving Princeton,Mooson joined Hydrocarbon Research Inc.in New York in 1946,working as an engineer in the Process Development Department on projects for coal gasification,air separation,     

China/USA/Japan Joint Chemical Engineering Conference

The China/USA/Japan Joint Chemical Engineering Conference will be held in Beijing at the four-star Friendship Hotel, October 11-13, 2005, as a merger of the 4th China/USA ChE Conference and the 3rd China/Japan ChE Conference, under the sponsorship of the Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan.     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

WET-GRANULATION RESEARCH WITH APPLICATION TO SCALE-UP

Summary Granulation is a unit operation by which larger granules are produced from fine, powdery particles to improve appearance, flow properties and mixedness, reduce dustiness and, in general, produce engineered particles with superior attributes. Agglomeration in wet granulation is achieved by introducing a “binder” fluid onto a shearing mass of fine powders. This paper gives a general overview of the process with emphasis on a simplified granulation model based on a dimensionless parameter containing inertia and viscous dissipation energies between colliding particles: the so-celled Stokes number. The model incorporates most common features of all granulation devices (mixers) used in the pharmaceutical industry.Also described in the paper is a computer simulation that captures the movement of flowing powder in an ideal mixer-granu/ator with constant shear rate. A fraction of the total number of particles is wet (covered by binder and there-fore “sticky”) while the rest of the particles are dry. The numerical simulation depicts two distinct regimes of agglomeration found in a typical granulator: granule growth and subsequent breakup. During granule growth-simulations, final granule size and shape distributions are obtained by analyzing the size and shape of formed granules using a pattern-recognition technique. A second kind of simulation, also using rapid granular flow modeling, follows the rotation and deformation of an “agglomerate” held together by a liquid binder. Results from these simulations yield critical values of the Stokes number. Below the cdticel value, the agglomerates are stable and only rotate in response to shear while above the critical value they break into two or more pieces. At the critical value, they attain a steady elongated shape. Using values of the critical Stokes number, the model predicts the size of formed granules.The existence of the critical state in which granules attain a characteristic elongated shape is used to measure shear forces in a granulator by employing calibrated “test” particles of known strength. This knowledge is employed in granulation scale-up to determine a kinematic rule that conserves stresses in the small and the large-scale machines. It was found that conserving the magnitude of internal stresses in the moving powder yields granules with similar attributes in granulators of different size.     

Capture of phosphates in surface water by TiO2 nanoparticles under UV irradiation

The capture of orthophosphates and total phosphorus from the Pudong Canal river in the Pudong District of Shanghai by TiO2 nanoparticles is studied using a rotating photoreactor and the nano-TiO2 photocatalyst Degussa P25. The effects of UV irradiation intensity in a range of 20-74 mW/cm^2, the loading of the TiO2 nanoparticles in a range of 0.05-0.1 g/L, irradiation time up to 4 h, and pH values in a range of 2-10.5 on the capture efficiency are investigated. The results show that the capture of orthophosphates and total P are significantly enhanced by UV irradiation; at a loading of 0.1 g/L and an irradiation intensity above 36 mW/cm^2, orthophosphates and total phosphorus are rapidly captured by TiO2 nanoparticles, causing an observed reduction from 0.4 mg/L down to 0.02 mg/L. pH values in a range of 2-10.5 have little effect on the capture efficiency of orthophosphates and total phosphorus.