解说量子纠缠理论

量子纠缠态在量子信息处理,如量子隐形传态、量子密集码、量子纠错、量子保密通信、量子计算等过程中起了十分重要的作用.量子纠缠理论主要研究量子态的纠缠刻画、分类及其在量子信息处理中的应用.文章介绍了量子纠缠理论中的一些基本概念和结果,其中包括:量子力学的实在性、局域性的讨论与Bell不等式的联系,Bell不等式与量子态可分性间的关系;纯态和混合态可分性的定义及若干判别准则(包括矩阵正映照方法、部分转置判据、约化判据、重排判据、纠缠见证、协方差判据及局域测不准关系判据);部分纠缠度量的介绍(包括纠缠形成、并发度、相对熵、负度、缠结和纠缠帮助,以及纠缠度量的计算和上下界的估算).     

2(×) n量子系统二参量一类态的量子相对熵纠缠度

对于任意的两体量子系统,总可以通过局域操作和经典通讯变换成二参量的一类态.本文计算了2(×)n量子系统的两参量一类态的量子相对熵纠缠度,找到了与其最接近的可分离态,得出了具体的解析表达式,并与其他纠缠的度量-负值度和形成纠缠度作了比较,三种纠缠的度量从大到小的依次为负值度、形成纠缠度和量子相对熵纠缠度.     

量子相变与量子纠缠

作为量子体系一种内在的非局域性关联,量子纠缠已经成为一个可利用的重要资源并广泛应用于许多领域.强关联体系中的量子相变,作为凝聚态理论中的一个重要现象,也一直是人们研究的热点.本文介绍了量子纠缠的定义,纠缠的判据,以及纠缠的度量.接着,通过一个具体模型对如何利用量子纠缠描述量子相变进行讨论和分析.研究发现,在强关联体系量子相变中量子纠缠扮演着非常重要的角色.     

双光子纠缠实验教学系统的搭建与应用

双光子纠缠实验教学系统主要涉及双光子纠缠态的制备、测量和分析,可以直观展示量子纠缠概念,排除局域隐变量假设.介绍了双光子纠缠系统的工作原理、纠缠态的制备和测量方法,搭建了双光子纠缠实验教学系统.该系统利用自发参量下转换效应制备出双光子偏振纠缠态并进行测量,性能稳定可靠.实验包含符合测量和复杂光路设计、调节等内容,有助于...     

海森堡XYZ自旋链系统的热纠缠与局域量子不确定性研究

研究了热平衡温度,自旋交换相互作用,Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya(DM)相互作用及外加非一致性磁场对两比特海森堡XYZ自旋链量子系统的热纠缠与局域量子不确定度的影响,对比分析了并发度量子纠缠与局域量子不确定度描述自旋链系统量子关联的差别.结果表明自旋链系统的量子纠缠在热平衡温度,DM相互作用及外加磁场的非一致性参数的变化情况下均会出现纠缠突然死亡的再生现象,而自旋链系统的局域量子不确定度随着这些参数呈连续变化现象.并且,自旋交换相互作用,DM相互作用及外加横向磁场作用强度较小时,他们的变化对自旋链系统的量子纠缠与局域量子不确定度的影响有着明显的差别.     

多个量子节点确定性纠缠的建立

量子纠缠是一种重要的量子资源,在多个空间分离的量子存储器间建立确定性的量子纠缠,然后在用户控制的时刻将所存储的量子纠缠转移到量子信道中进行信息的分发和传送,这对于实现量子信息网络是至关重要的.本文介绍了用光学参量放大器制备与铷原子D1吸收线对应的非经典光场,而且在三个空间分离的原子系综中确定性量子纠缠的产生、存储和转移.利用电磁感应透明光和原子相互作用的原理,将制备的多组分光场纠缠态模式映射到三个远距离的原子系综以建立原子自旋波之间的纠缠.然后,存储在原子系综中的纠缠态通过三个量子通道,纠缠态的量子噪声被转移到三束空间分离的正交纠缠光场.三束释放的光场间纠缠的存在验证了该系统具有保持多组分纠缠的能力.这个方案实现了三个量子节点间的纠缠,并且可以直接扩展到具有更多节点的量子网络,为未来实现大型量子网络通信奠定了基础.     

应用保真度研究两腿XXZ梯子系统的量子相变

本文基于投影纠缠对态的自旋梯子系统的张量网络算法提供了一个有效的方法,来研究两腿自旋1/2的XXZ梯子量子系统的量子临界性,通过与单位格点基态保真度相结合,得到清晰的基态保真度三维图,来探测量子多体系统的量子相变,从而可以绘制出两腿自旋1/2XXZ梯子量子模型的基态相图,在相图中出现铁磁(FM)相、条纹铁磁(SF)相、Néel(N)相、条纹Néel(SN)相、Rung singlet(RS)相、Haldane(H)相、Rung triplet(RT)相、临界XY相(XY1相和XY2相)。在不知道系统是否存在局域序参量或非局域序参量的情况下,可以通过系统的基态波函数,在对称性破缺相中由约化密度矩阵得到局域序参量;或者在对称性相中,找出系统存在的非局域序参量,来完整地描述系统的量子相变和量子临界现象。     

2（×）n量子系统二参量一类态的量子相对熵纠缠度

对于任意的两体量子系统，总可以通过局域操作和经典通讯变换成二参量的一类态。本文计算了2（×）n量子系统的两参量一类态的量子相对熵纠缠度，找到了与其最接近的可分离态，得出了具体的解析表达式，并与其他纠缠的度量一负值度和形成纠缠度作了比较，三种纠缠的度量从大到小的依次为负值度、形成纠缠度和量子相对熵纠缠度。     

具有纠缠序参量的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体

对最近提出的具有纠缠序参量的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体作通俗简要的介绍．在这个凝聚体中，不同种原子间形成自旋纠缠的原子对，而系统就在这个纠缠对上发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚.     

带有三体相互作用的S=1自旋链中的保真率和纠缠熵

研究了带有次近邻和三体相互作用的S=1自旋链的保真率和纠缠熵.通过密度矩阵重整化群数值方法计算了三体相互作用对保真率的影响,并分析了其与量子相变的关系.研究表明保真率可以探测Haldane相与二聚物相之间的相变.此外还研究了该相变与量子纠缠熵的关系.通过保真率和量子纠缠熵这两个信息观测量得到的结果和弦序参量得到的结果一致.在此基础之上给出了相图.     

Detecting entanglement of quantum channels

Entanglement is the crucial resource for different quantum information processing tasks. While conventional studies focus on the entanglement of bipartite or multipartite quantum states, recent works have extended the scenario to the entanglement of quantum channels, an operational quantification of the channel entanglement manipulation capability. Based on the recently proposed channel entanglement resource framework, here we study a further task of resource detection—witnessing entanglement of quantum channels. We first introduce the general framework and show how channel entanglement detection is related to the Choi state of the channel, enabling channel entanglement detection via conventional state entanglement detection methods. We also consider entanglement of multipartite quantum channels and use the stabilizer formalism to construct entanglement witnesses for circuits consisting of controlled-Z gates. We study the effectiveness of the proposed detection methods and compare their performance for several typical channels. Our work paves the way for systematic theoretical studies of channel entanglement and practical benchmarking of noisy intermediate scaled quantum devices.     

Steering in computational science: Mesoscale modelling and simulation

This paper outlines the benefits of computational steering for high performance computing applications. Lattice-Boltzmann mesoscale fluid simulations of binary and ternary amphiphilic fluids in two and three dimensions are used to illustrate the substantial improvements which computational steering offers in terms of resource efficiency and time to discover new physics. We discuss details of our current steering implementations and describe their future outlook with the advent of computational grids.     

Entanglement Dynamics of Quantum States Undergoing Decoherence from a Driven Critical Environment

In this paper,we have investigated the quantum entanglement of quantum states undergoing decoherence from a spin environment which drives a quantum phase transition.From our analysis,we find that the entanglement dynamics depends not only on the coupling strength but also on the external magnetic field and the number of the freedom degrees of the environment.Specially,our results imply that the decay of the entanglement can be enhanced by the quantum phase transition of the environment when the system is coupled to the environment weakly.Additionally,the discussion of the case of the multipartite states with high dimensions is made.     

Efficient entanglement purification in quantum repeaters

We present an efficient entanglement purification protocol(EPP) with controlled-not(CNOT) gates and linear optics.With the CNOT gates,our EPP can reach a higher fidelity than the conventional one.Moreover,it does not require the fidelity of the initial mixed state to satisfy F > 1/2.If the initial state is not entangled,it still can be purified.With the linear optics,this protocol can get pure maximally entangled pairs with some probabilities.Meanwhile,it can be used to purify the entanglement between the atomic ensembles in distant locations.This protocol may be useful in long-distance quantum communication.     

Entanglement Dynamics of Quantum States Undergoing Decoherence from a Driven Critical Environment

In this paper, we have investigated the quantum entanglement of quantum states undergoing decoherence from a spin environment which drives a quantum phase transition. From our analysis, we find that the entanglement dynamics depends not only on the coupling strength but also on the external magnetic field and the number of the freedom degrees of the environment. Specially, our results imply that the decay of the entanglement can be enhanced by the quantum phase transition of the environment when the system is coupled to the environment weakly. Additionally, the discussion of the case of the multipartite states with high dimensions is made.     

两原子与数态场相互作用系统中纠缠的调控

通过计算并发度研究了两个处于初始激发态的两能级原子与数态场相互作用系统的纠缠动力学特性,并讨论了场的光子数、原子和场的失谐量以及原子操作对并发度的影响。结果表明当不存在原子操作时,两原子之间的纠缠出现突然产生现象,并且可以通过调节光子数和原子与场的失谐量来控制产生纠缠的阈值时间和纠缠的最大值。当存在原子操作时,两原子之间的纠缠随着时间的演化可以立即产生,而且通过对经典场的操作和控制可以实现两原子之间纠缠的调控。     

Efficient entanglement purification in quantum repeaters

We present an efficient entanglement purification protocol (EPP) with controlled-not (CNOT) gates and linear optics. With the CNOT gates, our EPP can reach a higher fidelity than the conventional one. Moreover, it does not require the fidelity of the initial mixed state to satisfy F>1/2. If the initial state is not entangled, it still can be purified. With the linear optics, this protocol can get pure maximally entangled pairs with some probabilities. Meanwhile, it can be used to purify the entanglement between the atomic ensembles in distant locations. This protocol may be useful in long-distance quantum communication.     

Universal Global Cloning of Continuous Variables Entanglement

It is impossible to perfectly duplicate an unknown entangled state while preserving inseparability, which is known as the entanglement no-cloning principle. Nevertheless, approximate cloning of entanglement is allowed by quantum mechanics. A universal entanglement cloning machine (UECM) duplicates an entangled state such that the quality of its entanglement replicas does not depend on the input. To duplicate entanglement shared between two parties, 1-to-N universal local entanglement cloning machine (ULECM) has already been proposed (Weedbrook, et al., Phys. Rev. A, 77, 052313 (2008)), which employs two local UECMs to copy each party of the entangled state. However, the ULECM can never preserve the inseparability in its replicas. Here, a 1-to-N universal global entanglement cloning machine (UGECM) that takes the entire entangled state as the input and then globally clone it to produce replicas is proposed. It is demonstrated that the UGECM outperforms the ULECM both in terms of the fidelity and the inseparability preservation. In addition, the UGECM is of more simple and easy structure, compared with the UGECM. Such a UGECM may find its new applications in quantum entanglement broadcasting.     

Efficient electronic entanglement concentration assisted by single mobile electrons

We present an efficient entanglement concentration protocol （ECP） for mobile electrons with charge detection. This protocol is quite different from other ECPs for one can obtain a maximally entangled pair from a pair of less-entangled state and a single mobile electron with a certain probability. With the help of charge detection, it can be repeated to reach a higher success probability. It also does not need to know the coefficient of the original less-entangled states. All these advantages may make this protocol useful in current distributed quantum information processing.     

Consequent entanglement concentration of a less-entangled electronic cluster state with controlled-not gates

We present a highly efficient entanglement concentration protocol （ECP） for a four-electron system in a less-entangled cluster state. In this ECP, we only require one pair of less-entangled electron cluster states and one ancillary electron to complete the task. With the help of the controlled-not （CNOT） gate, the concentrated maximally entangled state can be retained for further application with some success probability. On the other hand, the discarded items can be reused to obtain a high success probability. All the features make this ECP useful in the current quantum information field.