变藻蓝蛋白发色团之间激子相互作用

本文尝试性地建立了APC(αβ)₃内内层部分具有C₃群对称特性的三个β发色团之间的“三聚体”激子相互作用的模型,依据“三聚体”激子相互作用的光谱表征,通过对APC(αβ)₃的吸收光谱和CD谱的解叠,分析和计算得到APC(αβ)₃内β发色团之间的距离,以及在坐标中的相对位置,估算了激发能在三个激子态之间的去局域时间.     

茶刺蛾颗粒体病毒色涵体的拉曼光谱研究

得到了茶刺蛾颗粒体病毒(Darna trima Granulosis Virus 缩写为 DtGV)包涵体的拉曼光谱。分析表明,DtGV 包涵体蛋白的二级结构主要为β折叠和无规卷曲,后者含有大量β回折结构;蛋白的所有酪氨酸残基均“暴露”于溶剂中;其 C—C—S—S—C—C 构型属于扭曲—扭曲—扭曲式。     

巢湖蓝藻藻蓝蛋白纯化过程中紫外-可见吸收光谱特征分析

以巢湖新鲜蓝藻为处理对象,采用冻融破壁方法获得藻蓝蛋白粗提液,采用两步盐析结合两步柱层析的方法纯化藻蓝蛋白粗提液,以最终获得试剂级藻蓝蛋白。分别将纯化过程中各阶段得到的藻蓝蛋白溶液和杂质液进行紫外-可见光谱扫描。经光谱扫描发现：藻蓝蛋白溶液经一步盐析、二步盐析、一步柱层析和二步柱层析的四步纯化实验过程中,在250～300 nm吸收谱带中,吸收峰从260 nm红移至280 nm;在500～700 nm吸收谱带中,吸收峰从617 nm红移至620 nm,并表现为最大特征吸收峰。对四步纯化工艺过程中分别得到的不同杂质液同样进行250～700 nm全波段光谱扫描,分析判断得出：一步盐析杂质液成分主要含有杂蛋白和部分藻蓝蛋白;二步盐析的杂质液中主要成分为核酸和维生素类物质;一步柱层析分离的先出组分主要成分为藻红蛋白;二步柱层析分离的后出组分主要成分为别藻蓝蛋白。经四步纯化工艺后,最终得到了纯度大于4以上的试剂级藻蓝蛋白。由此可见,两步盐析的工艺主要作用在于去除杂蛋白、核酸和维生素类物质;两步柱层析工艺主要作用在于分离出和藻蓝蛋白性质接近的藻红蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白。     

热诱导β晶状体蛋白去折叠及寡聚体解聚过程的脉冲升温时间分辨红外光谱

通过变温傅里叶变换红外光谱和脉冲升温时间分辨红外光谱,系统地研究了β晶状体蛋白不同二级结构的热稳定性,以及热诱导β晶状体蛋白去折叠的动力学过程．结果表明,β晶状体蛋白N端的β反平行折叠热稳定性最低(转变的中点温度为36.0±2.1 oC),该结构的破坏导致了一种富含无规卷曲结构的β晶状体蛋白中间体形成, 认为该中间体可能由β晶状体寡聚体解聚后形成的单体,单体形成的中点温度为40.4±7 πC．β晶状体蛋白全局去折叠引发蛋白变性聚集的转变的中点温度为72.4±0.2 oC．脉冲升温时间分辨红外光谱进一步揭示出β晶状体蛋白的热诱导去折叠开始于N端的β反平行折叠结构,该结构去折叠所需时间约为50 ns     

β淀粉样蛋白结合乙酰胆碱受体的结构动力学及抑制剂的虚拟筛选探究

本文开展分子对接和分子动力学模拟,探究β淀粉样蛋白多肽和α7-nAChR(α7-烟碱乙酰胆碱受体)形成的复合物的结构动力学特征,并揭示了配体和受体之间存在的分子间相互作用. 研究结果表明,Aβ_25-35通过氢键和形状互补与α7-nAChR结合,并且在离子通道中容易发生自聚集,从而阻断离子通道并诱导神经元凋亡. 计算得到Aβ_25-35的酰胺-I带位于1650.5 cm^-1,表明Aβ_25-35骨架构象倾向于呈现无规则卷曲,这与聚类分析得到的结果一致. 本文同时将目前现有的药物作为虚拟筛选的模板,设计了8种新药用于抑制β淀粉样蛋白多肽与$α7-nAChR结合. 半柔性对接结果表明,新药与α-nAChR之间存在强相互作用,能有效抑制离子通道中Aβ_25-35片段的聚集,具有缓解乃至治疗阿尔茨海默病的巨大潜力.     

不同生境条件下藻蓝蛋白活体荧光光谱特性研究

蓝藻生物量检测技术发展是应对目前频繁发生的水华事件的重要环节。藻蓝蛋白作为蓝藻的特异性蛋白,在一定程度上比叶绿素更能准确反应自然水体中的蓝藻生物量,因而成为蓝藻生物量检测技术的重要指标。本文利用三维荧光光谱技术,以不同光照、不同生长期的铜绿微囊藻、鱼腥藻活体为研究对象,比较了单点法和包络法两种光谱解析方法的可靠性,探究了不同生境条件下的藻蓝蛋白活体荧光光谱特性。结果表明：(1)荧光光谱强度随生长期延长而增大;(2)采用包络法解析藻蓝蛋白特征荧光光谱的方法比单点法更为可靠;(3)在不同生境条件下,铜绿微囊藻藻蓝蛋白活体荧光激发波长基本保持614 nm、发射波长基本保持654 nm不变,鱼腥藻藻蓝蛋白活体荧光激发波长随生长期在610和620 nm之间波动减小,发射波长随生长期在650和660 nm之间波动增大。这种波动与藻种样品颗粒度大小和光谱扫描模式有关。该研究结果为发展蓝藻生物量活体荧光监测技术发展提供了实验基础。     

异型双功能交联剂SPDP对C-藻蓝蛋白的光谱影响

一步阴离子交换层析法由钝顶螺旋藻中高效制备高纯度的C-藻蓝蛋白,纯化的C-藻蓝蛋白最大吸收峰位于620 nm,室温最大荧光发射峰位于640 nm。用异型双功能交联剂SPDP对C-藻蓝蛋白进行蛋白质交联,不同摩尔比的SPDP对C-藻蓝蛋白溶液的吸收光谱和室温荧光发射光谱有显著影响。随着SPDP/C-藻蓝蛋白摩尔比的增加,C-藻蓝蛋白的吸光度和相对荧光强度均不同程度降低,且室温荧光发射峰由640 nm蓝移至630 nm。光谱研究结果表明用SPDP对C-藻蓝蛋白进行蛋白质交联时SPDP/C-藻蓝蛋白的摩尔比应小于100,否则荧光强度和荧光特性将发生显著改变。     

牛血清白蛋白水溶液的激光喇曼谱

本文报道了用硝基苯萃取法获得的牛血清白蛋白水溶液的喇曼光谱.定性地证明了该蛋白质多肽链可能由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,酪氨酸残基在肽链中呈全“暴露”式,硫-硫键部位的几何构型为反式-扭式-扭式.     

光谱法研究灿烂甲酚蓝与DNA的相互作用

利用紫外-可见(UV/Vis)光谱法研究了小分子染料灿烂甲酚蓝(BCB)与小牛胸腺DNA(ct DNA)的相互作用。实验表明,DNA在低浓度时,BCB能结合DNA形成1∶1的化合物,结合常数为4.3×104 L·mol-1,DNA与BCB的主要结合方式是“静电作用”方式;而在较高浓度时,则变成“嵌入作用”方式。为了进一步证明BCB分子嵌入到DNA, 利用了羟丙基-β环糊精(HP-β-CD)与BCB的包合行为来研究。实验证明,BCB分子能进入HP-β-CD的疏水性空腔形成包合物, 稳定常数为1.98×103 L·mol-1;高浓度DNA存在时,BCB分子从HP-β-CD空腔中离解而与DNA发生嵌入作用。据此可推断出BCB分子能嵌入到DNA的双螺旋沟槽中。BCB分子属经典的嵌入剂。     

鲱精蛋白与鲱精酮蛋白结构的拉曼光谱研究

鲱精蛋白和鲱精酮蛋白的拉曼光谱研究表明它们的结构有明显的不同之处：（１）鲱精蛋白的二级结构以α－螺旋为主，鲱精酮蛋白以α－螺旋和β－折叠为主。（２）两者有不同之处除构象灵敏的酰胺Ⅲ，Ｃ－Ｃ，Ｃ－Ｎ基团以外还有构象不灵敏的与Ｏ＝Ｃ－Ｎ，Ｎ－Ｈ和Ｃ＝Ｏ有关的酰胺Ⅳ，Ⅴ，Ⅵ。（３）属于甲基、亚甲基的一系列谱线的变化明显。上述３点均说明了鲱精蛋白转氨后发生了构型的变化。与“蛋白质Ｎ端除去氨基以后生成ＲＣＯＣＯＮＨ酮肽相联基团”的研究结果一致     

Effect of nickel-oxide nanoparticle additive concentration and gamma irradiation on the structure and optical properties of polycarbonate

Nanotechnology is one of the world’s most promising new technologies. Pure polycarbonate (PC) and PC–nickel oxide (NiO) nanocomposite films have been deposited using the casting technique. The effects of NiO nanoparticle (NP) concentration (2, 5 and 10?wt%) on the structure and optical properties of PC have been studied. The resultant effect of NiO concentration has been investigated using X-ray diffraction and UV spectroscopy techniques. The results of nanocomposite samples compared to the pristine indicate the proper dispersion of NiO NPs in the PC matrix. Also, the addition of NiO NP to PC with 5% concentration causes a strong intermolecular interaction between NiO and PC, resulted in an increase in refractive index and increase in the amorphous phase. Thus, this sample was chosen to be a subject for further study to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on its structure and optical properties. Samples from the 5% PC–NiO nanocomposite were irradiated with gamma doses in the range of 20–350?kGy. It is found that the gamma irradiation reduces the optical energy gap that could be attributed to the increase in the structural disorder of the irradiated PC–NiO nanocomposites due to cross-linking. In addition the isotropic character of the nanocomposites has been enhanced, reflected in the increase in refractive index.     

插入生长AlGaAs薄膜对InAs量子点探测器性能的影响

利用分子束外延生长获得的两个InAs量子点样品制备了n型的量子点红外探测器.对于其中一个器件，在InAs量子点有源区的底部和顶部分别插入生长了AlGaAs势垒层.利用透射电阻显微技术研究了两个样品的结构特性；利用光致发光光谱和光电流谱研究了两个器件的光电性质.实验结果表明，AlGaAs层的插入对器件的探测性质有显著的影响.利用有三维效质量近似模型的计算结果，指认了带内光电流谱中峰结构的起源.     

插入生长AlGaAs薄膜对InAs量子点探测器性能的影响

利用分子束外延生长获得的两个InAs量子点样品制备了n型的量子点红外探测器.对于其中一个器件,在InAs量子点有源区的底部和顶部分别插入生长了AlGaAs势垒层.利用透射电阻显微技术研究了两个样品的结构特性;利用光致发光光谱和光电流谱研究了两个器件的光电性质.实验结果表明,AlGaAs层的插入对器件的探测性质有显著的影响.利用有三维效质量近似模型的计算结果,指认了带内光电流谱中峰结构的起源. 关键词： InAs 量子点 AlGaAs薄膜 光致发光光谱 有效质量近似模型     

Effect of polymer blend types and gamma radiation on the physico-chemical properties of polycarbonate

Samples from polycarbonate (PC) were classified into two main groups. The first group was blended with Abietic acid (Rosin) with different compositions, while the second group was blended with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer with almost the same composition. A comparative study of the effect of both Rosin and EVA concentration on the thermal stability of PC has been investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that blending with Rosin causes the dominance of degradation. Samples from PC with 20% Rosin blend were irradiated with gamma at the dose of range 20–300?kGy. The resultant effect of gamma radiation on the structural properties of the 20% Rosin/ 80%PC blend has been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that degradation of the polymer blend dominates, thus increases the creation of hot free radicals that leads to the formation of color centers in PC. In addition, the transmission of the 20% Rosin/80%PC samples as well as color changes was studied. The color intensity ΔE was greatly increased with increasing the gamma dose up to 300?kGy, accompanied by a significant increase in the blue color component.     

Influence of gamma radiation on optical properties of Halloysite nanotubes incorporated polycarbonate nanocomposites

In the current research investigation, polycarbonate/hallyosite nanotubes (PC/HNTs) nanocomposite (NC) films have been successfully fabricated by solution intercalation technique using ultrasound energy in facile way which helps complete exfoliation of the HNTs in the matrix. The effect of Gamma irradiation-induced modifications of PC/HNTs NC have been studied in the dose range 200–500?kGy, irradiated with Co⁶⁰ source. The NC films have been evaluated by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic techniques in order to probe the effect of gamma radiation on the structural behaviors. The obtained results have been indicated that as the Gamma irradiation dosage increases from 200 to 500?kGy, phenolic group forms through scissoring of ester link of PC, which may cause PC to degrade and lose their property. At lower dosage (200?kGy), the effect is less and at higher dosage (500?kGy), the effect is significant and at 300 and 400?kGy, the effect is moderate and NC films retained their properties. The irradiation effect is most significant and effective at the higher dosage range. UV–visible spectroscopy shows a noticeable reduction in the energy band gap due to gamma irradiation.     

Effect of proton irradiation on the physical properties of PC/PBT blends

Samples from polycarbonate/poly (butylene terephthalate) (PC/PBT) blends film have been irradiated using different fluences (1?×?10¹⁵– 5?×?10¹⁷ H⁺/cm²) of 1?MeV protons at the University of Surrey Ion Beam Center, UK. The structural modi?cations in the proton irradiated samples have been studied as a function of fluence using different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction and UV spectroscopy. The results indicate that the proton irradiation reduces the optical energy gap that could be attributed to the increase in structural disorder of the irradiated samples due to crosslinking. Furthermore, the color intensity ΔE, which is the color difference between the non-irradiated sample and those irradiated with different proton fluences, increased with increasing the proton fluence up to 5?×?10¹⁷ H^+/cm², convoyed by an increase in the red and yellow color components. In addition, the resultant effect of proton irradiation on the thermal properties of the PC/PBT samples has been investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is found that the PC/PBT decomposes in one weight loss stage. Also, the variation of transition temperatures with proton fluence has been determined using DSC. The PC/PBT thermograms were characterized by the appearance of two endothermic peaks due to the glass transition and melting temperatures. The melting temperature of the polymer, T_m, was investigated to probe the crystalline domains of the polymer, since the proton irradiation destroys the crystalline structure so reducing the melting temperature.     

All angle negative refraction with the effective phase index of-1

We theoretically studied a left-hand structure based on a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC)with a negative refractive index. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in the proposed PC structure is investigated through dispersion characteristic analysis and numerical simulation of field pattern. The designed PC structure can exhibit all angle negative refraction, and the corresponding effective refractive indices along all directions are almost same and close to the ideal value of -1. A flat lens formed from such a PC has been designed and its imaging properties have been investigated systematically.     

Morphology-property relationships in polycarbonate-based blends. I. Modulus

The tensile, dynamic mechanical and morphological properties of PC/HDPE, PC/LDPE and PC/PS blends have been investigated with the intent of clarifying the major factors governing the modulus of these essentially incompatible blends. Scanning electron microscopy shows that all of the PC/HDPE, PC/LDPE and PC/PS blends have a domain structure whose morphology is strongly dependent on the concentration of the dispersed phase; when the dispersed phase concentration is less than 15%, the domains are mostly of spherical shape, while above 20% agglomeration takes place to form rodlike structures. Dynamic mechanical data shows there is essentially no adhesion at the PC-HDPE and PC-LDPE boundaries, while there is appreciable adhesion at the PC-PS interface. The existence of an intermixed zone was postulated to explain this interfacial adhesion. Morphological and thermal analysis results also indicate that both the HDPE and LDPE inclusions are loosely sitting in the holes in the PC matrix while the PS inclusions are compactly embedded in the PC matrix. These differences in boundary nature give marked effects on the tensile properties including the modulus. For the modulus, PC/HDPE and PC/LDPE blend systems can be regarded to be mechanically equivalent to a PC matrix alone with holes in it when the dispersed phase concentration is lower than 15%, while in the case of PC/PS blends the PS inclusions contribute substantially to the sample's overall modulus.     

The New Fluorescent Membrane Probe Ahba: A Comparative Study with the Largely Used Laurdan

Lipid bilayers have been largely used as model systems for biological membranes. Hence, their structures, and alterations caused on them by biological active molecules, have been the subject of many studies. Accordingly, fluorescent probes incorporated into lipid bilayers have been extensively used for characterizing lipid bilayer fluidity and/or polarity. However, for the proper analysis of the alterations undergone by a membrane, a comprehensive knowledge of the fluorescent properties of the probe is fundamental. Therefore, the present work compares fluorescent properties of a relative new fluorescent membrane probe, 2-amino-N-hexadecyl-benzamide (Ahba), with the largely used probe 6-dodecanoyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-naphthylamine (Laurdan), using both static and time resolved fluorescence. Both Ahba and Laurdan have the fluorescent moiety close to the bilayer surface; Ahba has a rather small fluorescent moiety, which was shown to be very sensitive to the bilayer surface pH. The main goal was to point out the fluorescent properties of each probe that are most sensitive to structural alterations on a lipid bilayer. The two probes were incorporated into bilayers of the well-studied zwitterionic lipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), which exhibits a gel-fluid transition around 23 °C. The system was monitored between 5 and 50 °C, hence allowing the study of the two different lipid structures, the gel and fluid bilayer phases, and the transition between them. As it is known, the fluorescent emission spectrum of Laurdan is highly sensitive to the bilayer gel-fluid transition, whereas the Ahba fluorescence spectrum was found to be insensitive to changes in bilayer structure and polarity, which are known to happen at the gel-fluid transition. However, both probes monitor the bilayer gel-fluid transition through fluorescence anisotropy measurements. With time-resolved fluorescence, it was possible to show that bilayer structural variations can be monitored by Laurdan excited state lifetimes changes, whereas Ahba lifetimes were found to be insensitive to bilayer structural modifications. Through anisotropy time decay measurements, both probes could monitor structural bilayer changes, but the limiting anisotropy was found to be a better parameter than the rotational correlation time. It is interesting to have in mind that the relatively small fluorophore of Ahba (o-Abz) could possibly be bound to a phospholipid hydrocarbon chain, not disturbing much the bilayer packing and being a sensitive probe for the bilayer core.     

Effect of the structural quality of the buffer on the magnetoresistance and the exchange coupling in sputtered Co/Cu sandwiches

The effect of the structural quality of the buffer stack on the structural properties, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and the quality of the antiferromagnetic coupling has been investigated for Co/Cu/Co sandwiches prepared by DC-magnetron sputtering. Three kinds of buffers were employed: type A: Cr(6 nm)/Co(0.8 nm)/Cu(10 nm), type B: Fe(6 nm)/Co(0.8 nm)/Cu(10 nm) and type C: Cr(4 nm)/Fe(3 nm)/Co(0.8 nm)/Cu(10 nm). For B and C type buffers, the antiferromagnetic alignment is very interesting at zero field with a coupling strength larger than 0.4 erg/cm² and a GMR signal reaching 5% at room temperature. However, for the A type buffer the antiferromagnetic coupling completely disappears, while the GMR drops to about 0.8%. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been performed in order to understand the origin of the observed difference in the magnetic properties. The results show a strong difference in the average surface roughness, 1.15 nm and 0.35 nm, respectively for the A and C types buffers, and demonstrate that the quality of the surface of the buffer is the key to optimize both the GMR and the indirect exchange coupling. Received 11 July 2000