声子晶体禁带特性及局域共振现象的试验研究

以弹性(亚克力柱/空气型)及粘弹性(硅橡胶/空气型)声子晶体为研究对象,研究了散射体填充率、形状、排列方式、材料性质、缺陷形式等对声子晶体禁带特性及局域共振现象的影响.结果表明:随着层数的增加,带隙频率逐渐靠近理论值,但达到一定层数后,其影响会减弱;与正方柱形比较,圆柱形声子晶体得到的带隙更宽,而与弹性声子晶体相比,粘弹性声子晶体更易得到低频宽带隙的效果;声子晶体晶体阵列个数对共振频率的影响并不大,而散射体形状、填充率、及材料性质对共振频率有一定影响,尤其是粘弹性材料对提高局域共振的品质因子有非常大的作用;多点缺陷的引入对缺陷局域模态的分离有一定贡献,但多点缺陷间隔较近时会降低局域模态的分离效果.     

超胞声子晶体板的轻量化设计与研究

由于局域共振型声子晶体板具有优秀的低频声学特性,相关的研究越来越丰富,但多为实验室环境下的研究,对其工程应用方面的轻量化研究存在不足.因此,本文以变电站低频噪声为应用背景,提出一种局域共振型声子晶体板轻量化设计方法.基于此方法,设计出一种针对变电站噪声频谱特性的轻量化超胞声子晶体板.研究发现,此声子晶体板在50 Hz和...     

基于有限元法与超胞法的结构声表面波缺陷态分析

简要介绍了有限元法与超胞法相结合计算结构声表面波缺陷能带结构的方法,理论上分析了缺陷型表面声子晶体的声限制和声波导.表面声子晶体由刻有周期性凹槽的刚性板构成,通过改变晶体中某一格点或某一排格点的几何参数可以构建点缺陷和线缺陷.利用有限元法与超胞法能够十分方便地计算出表面声子晶体的点缺陷和线缺陷对应的缺陷带结构以及特定频率声波局域在点缺陷与线缺陷的本征压力场.通过分析缺陷能带结构与本征压力场,可以直观地了解缺陷型表面声子晶体中的声限制和声波导.     

两类一维流固声子晶体全向透射特性比较研究

研究了声纵波全向入射到两类一维流固声子晶体(第Ⅰ类满足固体横波传播速度cst大于流体纵波传播速度c1以及第Ⅱ类cst＜cl)的透射特性.推导了其传递矩阵,并应用有限元方法进行验证,二者显示结果一致性.研究表明两类声子晶体呈现的不同声透射特征:第Ⅰ类声子晶体中,高频声波在斜入射角大于第二全反射临界角条件下发生全反射现象,而低频声波却呈现全反射贯穿效应;第Ⅱ类声子晶体中,在整个频段范围内均会出现周期性的透射导带.两类声子晶体均出现了低频声裂隙现象,第Ⅱ类声子晶体低频声裂隙角范围明显大于第Ⅰ类.     

一维固-液声子晶体表面消逝波传播模式

为了研究一维固-液声子晶体,应用Bloch定理和边界条件解析推导出一维固-液声子晶体的表面消逝波传播模式存在条件的方程.在一定条件下,一维固-液声子晶体存在表面模式.对表面模式,声波位移场集中在半无限一维固-液声子晶体的表面,在背景材料和声子晶体内部声波衰减.在所有层中,一维固-液声子晶体的表面模式均具有消逝波性质的位移场.随后的数值研究证明了分析结果.     

双包覆层局域共振型声子晶体带隙特性研究

低频噪声由于其频率较低,波长较长而难以抑制,因此增大声子晶体低频带隙宽度尤为重要.与Bragg型声子晶体相比,局域共振型声子晶体可以用较小的尺寸获得低频带隙,即用小尺寸来控制大波长,这一特点为声子晶体在低频减振和降噪方面的应用提供了新的方法和思路,具有重要的应用价值.笔者设计了二维组合式包覆层局域共振型声子晶体,研究了不同材料的组合包覆层对带隙的影响,得出组合式包覆层声子晶体比单包覆层声子晶体具有更宽带隙,不同包覆层组合形式对带隙有较大影响等结论,为声子晶体的研究做出了参考.     

基于边界元法的三相声子晶体能带结构的计算

发展了计算二维三组元局域共振型声子晶体带隙结构的边界元法,该方法在一个单胞内分别对基体和含有包覆层的嵌入体(三相材料)建立边界积分方程,在基体边界上施加Bloch条件,并考虑不同相之间的界面条件后得到一个线性的特征值方程.该方法的计算结果和对应的二组元体系计算结果进行了比较,结果表明,在三相体系中声波发生局部共振,此时中间包覆层材料的作用类似于一个软弹簧;而且由于包覆层材料的密度很低且声速很小,所以对应的系统共振频率较低,使声带隙出现在较低频段.另外,本文还分析了“包覆层”材料的特性以及边界元法计算三组元声子晶体的特点.     

基于微机械加工工艺的声子晶体器件

声子晶体是一种周期复合人工超材料.声子晶体具有独有的声学特性-声学禁带,使其在声波控制和传输领域具有极强的应用潜力.利用微机械加工工艺制备的硅基声子晶体器件,可在微机电系统中实现高频弹性波的定向传输和控制,以及对弹性波能量的局域放大.设计了两种基于MEMS工艺的器件,分别用于实现功分器和谐振器的功能.内容覆盖了硅基声子晶体器件的背景、原理、设计、制造和表征等方面.     

含谐振单元和弹性支承谐振单元的声子晶体低频禁带特性研究

在结构中周期性地添加谐振单元可以构造局域共振声子晶体并产生低频禁带。本文提出了一种具有谐振单元和弹性支承谐振单元的声子晶体结构,通过声子晶体理论和振动理论对该结构的禁带特性和禁带调控特性进行了计算与分析。结果表明,该结构可在0 Hz处形成禁带;禁带内对振动的衰减强度由衰减因子和有限结构周期数共同决定;结构中存在1条可调控禁带和3条不可调禁带;可调控禁带可以通过改变谐振单元和弹性支承谐振单元的结构参数加以调控;不可调禁带包括第一禁带,它们能够较为稳定地对一定频率的弹性波产生衰减作用。该结构所具有的禁带特性在管路、桥梁和汽车减振领域具有潜在应用。     

非均匀局域共振型声子晶体隔声特性研究

建立局域共振声子晶体单元结构模型,通过有限元方法研究了阵列排布、填充率排列及散射体厚度排列对非均匀声子晶体隔声特性的影响,以期使各类非均匀声子晶体结构在不同频段发挥隔声效果及减少隔声频段内的局部衰减.结果表明,散射体靠近入射方向的阵列排布具有较大的隔声量;填充率由中间列向两端递增的形式下局部衰减情况较少;散射体厚度由中间列向两边减小的排布适合中高频隔声,由中间列向两边增大的排布适合低频隔声;分别由铝振子、钢振子、铅振子构成的声子晶体在低频段具有相似的隔声特性,中高频处的隔声频段随着振子密度的增加向低频段移动.此结果为非均匀声子晶体获得良好降噪效果提供了理论支持.     

On the inhomogeneity of the transition surface layer of the solid core of the earth

Different geophysical data and conclusions of theoretical models, which can give information about the behavior of the solid and liquid cores of the Earth as well as about the existence of a transition layer as a temperature-hysteresis region at a relatively weak first-order phase transition, are compared. It is concluded that liquid inclusions inevitably exist in this region; these inclusions are involved (due to the complex convective processes occurring in the liquid core) in the transport of light materials from some areas of the solid-core surface. The porosity and permeability of the transition layer determine the seismic acoustic inhomogeneities in these areas, which contact the convective flows in the liquid core. In particular, this explains the well-known ??east-west?? effect. Obviously, the model of the crystalline core is not the only possible alternative for a model of a core with a metallic glasslike structure.     

Study of the influence of the rare-earth elements on the properties of lead iodide

Lead iodide (PbI₂) shows excellent electronic properties for detection of ionizing radiation. We report the introduction of rare-earth elements and other elements as admixtures during synthesis to study their influence on the quality of single crystals. Synthesized material as well as single crystals have been characterized by measurements of electrical resistivity and low-temperature photo luminescence and index of refraction. The structural quality with respect to polytypes was analysed by electron back scatter diffraction. Makyoh topography was applied for surface studies.     

On the role of the porous shell of the solid core of the earth in the anomalous heat and mass flow to the mantle

The model of the pressure-induced first-order phase transition of a metal melt to the metallicglass state considers a thermodynamically nonequilibrium porous near-surface shell of the solid core of the Earth, which contacts cyclonic vortices in the liquid core. Anomalous flows of heat and light-material mass to the mantle from the solid core at these contact points are calculated. These anomalous flows are shown to be comparable with the observed ones under the assumption of a rapid increase in the melt viscosity at pressures of 1–10 Mbar, which is characteristic of a solid core. In this case, the porous layer permeability may be very low.     

Computer Modelling of the Light Propagation through the Complex Anisotropy Systems - the way of a Determination of the Optical Parameters of the Liquid Crystal Displays

A mathematical and numerical method for an analysis of a liquid crystal displays (LCD) has been presented. The assumptions of the calculations of a light propagation through the display are shown. The real conditions of a work of these displays have been taken into account. Basing of this mathematical model a computer program for a numerical modelling of the optical parameters of LC displays working in real conditions has been worked out. This program makes possible to obtain the most important parameters of a display such as: contrast ratio, luminance in on- and off-state, spectral characteristics of light and its colour coordinates in these both states. The results obtained from this program have been verified experimentally. Very high conformity of these results has been obtained.     

Effect of the temperature on the TMOS sono-hydrolysis and a study of the structure of the resulting aged sonogels

The effect of temperature on the oxalic acid catalyzed sono-hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) was studied by means of a heat flux calorimetric method. The activation energy of the process was measured as (24.5 ± 0.8) kJ/mol in the temperature range between 10 and 50 °C. The structural characteristics of the resulting sonogels, after long period of aging in saturated conditions, were studied by means of small angle X-ray scattering. The structure can be described as formed by ∼2.7 nm mean size mass fractal-like aggregates (clusters) of primary silica particles of ∼0.3 nm mean size, all imbibed in a liquid phase. The average mass fractal dimension of the clusters was found to be 2.58. The primary particle density was estimated as 2.23 g/cm³, in good agreement with the value frequently quoted for fused silica. The volume fraction of the clusters in the saturated sonogels was estimated as about 28%. The moment in which the meniscus of the liquid phase penetrates into the clusters under rapid evaporation process has been detected by an inflection in the first derivative of the curve of weight loss in a simple thermogravimetric test.     

Experimental Investigations of the Conditions for the Formation of the Liquid Crystalline State of Polymers

The diagrams of state for concentrated PBG solution in coordinates relating volume fraction-geometric asymmetry and volume fraction-temperature are investigated. The order parameter for macromolecules in the anisortropic phase is dettermined. The experimental data compare with the existing theoretical models for th formation of the liquid crystalline state in solutions of stiff polymer molecule. It is shown that experimental data are in good quantitative agreement with the Flory's lattice model.     

Features of the magnetic state of the layered Fe-V nanostructure of the superconductor-ferromagnet type

The magnetic state of the V(39 nm)/20 [V(3 nm)/Fe(3 nm)] nanostructure has been investigated by polarized neutron reflectometry in the temperature range from 1.6 to 30 K in magnetic fields from 0.2 to 15 kOe. The data obtained indicate that the superconductivity of vanadium layers may affect magnetic ordering both over the depth of the structure and in its plane.     

Influence of the Crystal Structure of the Nucleus on the Morphology of t-ZnO Tetrapods

Crystallography Reports - A new approach to simulating the morphology of hierarchical nanocrystals has been proposed on the example of ZnO nanotetrapods. Within this approach, twinning is...     

Preparation of CdS nanowires by the decomposition of the complex in the presence of microwave irradiation

A novel synthetic route for the preparation of CdS nanowires has been developed. CdS nanowires with a diameter of ca. 4 nm have been successfully prepared by the microwave irradiation of a complex of cadmium-1-pyrrlidine dithio carboxylic acid ammonium (C₅H₁₂N₂S₂, APDTC) [Cd(APDTC)₂]₂ in an ethylenediamine solution. The CdS nanowires were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction pattern, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, diffuse reflection spectroscopy and PL spectroscopy.