聚合物流体渗流机理研究

聚合物流体在多孔介质中渗流的研究是近年来有重大进展的领域。本文介绍从力学与物理方法进行渗流机理研究的思路、主要结果和当前活跃的研究课题。流体的非牛顿性对复杂边界条件下均匀流体力学效应的影响已得到了较好的定量处理;揭示了拉伸流粘弹特性对渗流影响的机理,其定量描述则尚有待努力。进而讨论了石油工程中十分重要的非均一流体渗流的新进展,包括大分子效应与粘性指进效应及其分形描述。对于上述物理效应的综合考虑将使聚合物渗流力学研究进入新的阶段。      

渗流力学研究的现状和发展趋势

渗流力学在能源、环境、水利、岩土、交通、生物等工程领域有广泛的应用，渗流力学经过约一个半世纪的发展，已经积累了相当多的成果。随着现代科学的发展以及生产实践需求的不断提高，渗流力学仍然有进一步完善和发展的广阔空间。本文简述了水利、环境、能源工程和生物学中的渗流力学问题，扼要概括了渗流力学理论研究的现状，并指出渗流力学在多孔介质描述、裂缝型介质渗流、多相多组分渗流、物理化学渗流、非线性渗流、非饱和渗流、微观渗流、渗流模拟等理论及相关方法和测试技术等方面的发展趋势。     

破碎岩体非等温渗流的非线性动力学研究

分别从固体及流体导热的能量方程出发,导出破碎岩体非等温渗流的能量本构方程, 结合渗流的连续性方程、运动方程、状态方程等建立了破碎岩体非等温渗流的一维非线性动力学方程组;结合Mathcad软件计算得到了系统的无量纲化平衡态, 利用逐次亚松弛迭代法分析了对应于不同参数时平衡态的稳定性;指出非等温渗流系统存在鞍结分岔及折叠突变, 与等温渗流相比, 考虑温度场的破碎岩体渗流动力系统更容易发生渗流突变.      

水平井开采石油遇到的几个流体力学问题

本文从渗流力学和流体动力学方面讨论了利用水平井技术开采石油时在油藏工程和采油工程中遇到的几个力学问题,如水平井产量的计算,水平井非稳态试井及流场分析,水平井井筒内压力降及其对产量的影响、水平井近井油藏和井筒内流体流动耦合等,半提出水平井开采机理仍存在很多基础理论需要研究解决。     

渗流力学的回顾与展望

简要回顾了渗流力学的发展过程,总结了渗流力学3个不同阶段的发展. 对渗流力学的 应用进行了分类分析,并对渗流力学的下一步需要重点研究的工作进行了说明.     

非牛顿流体在非均质油藏渗流压力场实验

在非均质油藏模型上进行非牛顿流体流动物理模拟实验，对比研究水驱、聚合物驱和交联聚合物对提高石油采收率的影响．通过布置高精度的压差传感器测量不同驱替过程模型中的渗流压力场的动态变化，成胶后的交联聚合物封堵了高渗条区，改变了油藏内流体流动方向，驱替出低渗区内油，提高了采收率．     

峰后岩石非Darcy渗流的一维非定常严格简明解析解

煤炭是中国近期的主要能源,仍需要大力研究. 而煤矿采动围岩大多处于峰后应力状态或破碎状态,其渗流一般不符合Darcy定律. 探讨非Darcy渗流系统, 对其研究既有理论创新价值,尤其在煤矿安全中更有重要的实用价值. 用近年发展的求解偏微分方程新的分离变量法------加法分离变量法,得出了Ahmed-Sunada型非Darcy渗流的3套非常简明的一维非定常严格解析解,以发展相应的渗流理论,以及作为标准解推进渗流数值计算的水平.      

裂隙岩体非稳态渗流数值模型及其应用

为解决裂隙岩体非稳态渗流问题, 发展了一种新的数值模型. 对于单裂隙渗 流求解, 其控制方程是基于一定假设的简化Navier-Stokes方程, 数值方法采用有限差分法 和流体体积法. 在裂隙网络中, 交界处渗流可以由专门的控制方程求解. 计算结果表明, 该 数值模型既可以大幅提高非稳态渗流的计算效率, 还可以避免孤立裂隙所带来的影响. 最后, 通过两个工程算例验证该数值模型的适用性.     

低渗透微尺度孔隙气体渗流规律

微尺度条件下气体流动特性的研究是现代渗流力学前沿领域之一．分析了低渗透岩石饱和气体渗流实验结果,探索了微尺度孔隙气体渗流规律,探讨了气体非线性渗流力学机理,发现了低渗透岩石微尺度孔隙气体与液体渗流遵循同一形式的运动定律,建立了气体与液体非线性运动定律统一模型．结果表明：新模型与实验结果吻合很好,为微尺度孔隙气体微流动特性研究提供了新的理论依据,对工程地质环境保护及地下流体资源开发有重要指导意义．     

谈谈渗流

渗流是流体在多孔介质中的流动,渗流现象广泛地存在于自然界、工程材料、动物、植物中。多孔介质种类繁多,包括岩石(含各类矿藏)、土壤、生物材料和人工多孔介质材料等。渗流理论已经成为人类开发地下水、地热、石油、天然气、煤炭与煤层气等诸多地下资源的重要理论基础。本文从渗流的基本概念、渗流的分类、渗流的影响因素、渗流的特征以及渗流的研究意义等方面进行了阐述。     

低渗透多孔介质中的非线性渗流理论简

文中论述了低渗透性多孔介质中非线性渗流理论的几个问题,阐明了渗流流体的性质,指出了多孔介质对流体通过的选择性,提出了新的非线性渗流方程,用实验资料对其进行了验证,分析了该方程演变功能,表明它可以描述各种渗流规律.该方程的各项参数都可从实验中直接得到,应用方便,并且参数的物理意义明确.     

Porous flow with physico-chemical processes —Microscopic study

This paper describes the results of microscopic study on fluid flows through porous media. The oil-water two-phase flow, the oil-air-water tri-phase flow. The Foam-surfactant-oil-water-air multi-phase flow, the microemulsion-oil-water multi-phase flow and flow with neutralization reaction are introduced. The micromodels, the technology of fabricating micromodels and the method of their application are also described.     

A LGA model for fluid flow in heterogeneous porous media

A lattice gas automaton (LGA) model is proposed to simulate fluid flow in heterogeneous porous media. Permeability fields are created by distributing scatterers (solids, grains) within the fluid flow field. These scatterers act as obstacles to flow. The loss in momentum of the fluid is directly related to the permeability of the lattice gas model. It is shown that by varying the probability of occurrence of solid nodes, the permeability of the porous medium can be changed over several orders of magnitude. To simulate fluid flow in heterogeneous permeability fields, isotropic, anisotropic, random, and correlated permeability fields are generated. The lattice gas model developed here is then used to obtain the effective permeability as well as the local fluid flow field. The method presented here can be used to simulate fluid flow in arbitrarily complex heterogeneous porous media.     

Nonlinear fluid flow laws for orthotropic porous media

Nonlinear fluid flow laws for orthotropic porous media are written in invariant tensor form. As usual in the theory of fluid flow through porous media [1, 2], the equations contain the flow velocity up to the second power. Expressions that determine the nonlinear resistances to fluid flow are presented and it is shown that, on going over from linear to nonlinear flow laws, the asymmetry effect may manifest itself, that is, the fluid flow characteristics may differ along the same straight line in the positive and negative directions. It is shown that, as compared with the linear fluid flow law for orthotropic media when for three symmetry groups a single flow law is sufficient, in nonlinear laws the anisotropy manifestations are much more variable and each symmetry group must be described by specific equations. A system of laboratory measurements for finding the nonlinear flow characteristics for orthotropic porous media is considered.     

An overview on nonlinear porous flow in low permeability porous media

This paper gives an overview on nonlinear porous flow in low permeability porous media, reveals the microscopic mechanisms of flows, and clarifies properties of porous flow fluids. It shows that, deviating from Darcy's linear law, the porous flow characteristics obey a nonlinear law in a low-permeability porous medium, and the viscosity of the porous flow fluid and the permeability values of water and oil are not constants. Based on these characters, a new porous flow model, which can better describe low permeability reservoir, is established. This model can describe various patterns of porous flow, as Darcy's linear law does. All the parameters involved in the model, having definite physical meanings, can be obtained directly from the experiments.     

凝析油气渗流理论研究进展

本文综述了凝析油气渗流研究的现状。简要介绍了凝析油气藏特征。开采方案及其试井分析方法,着重讨论了凝析油气渗流的基本方程、解析解法和数值模拟。在此基础上,提出了该理论研究的发展前景。      

非牛顿流体经波纹管流动的阻力特性

本文对Carreau流体经波纹管的蠕动流的阻力特性用差分方法作了数值求解。先施行坐标变换,提出一种保证周期性条件的混合迭代法,能较快得到问题的收敛解。流体的物质参数以及流动区域的几何参数对流动阻力特性的影响作了讨论,同时指出了直径均匀的毛管模型作为渗流模型的不足之处。     

Flows through Porous Media Containing a Shielded Spherical Inclusion

Compact formulas are obtained for constructing flow potentials in media containing a spherical inclusion shielded by a high- or low-permeability film (fracture or barrier) using the known potentials of steady-state incompressible fluid flows through homogeneous porous media. The formulas obtained can be extended both to inhomogeneous porous media in which the permeability functions have different constant factors inside and outside the inclusion and to bounded zones. The type of singular points of the potentials (sources, sinks, etc.) and the boundary conditions assigned in media without an inclusion are conserved for media containing a shielded inclusion. As an example, translational flow past a spherical shielded polluted zone is studied. This is of interest in connection with environmental problems.     

Fluid flow through heterogeneous porous media in a rotating square channel

An analytical three-dimensional solution to the fluid flow problem through heterogeneous porous media in a rotating square channel is presented. The permeability of the fluid saturated porous domain varies in the vertical direction, thus affecting the imposed main flow in the channel. As a result of Coriolis acceleration, secondary circulation in a plane perpendicular to the main flow direction is created. A particular example of a monotonic distribution of the permeability function is analyzed leading to a single vortex secondary circulation. Nevertheless, multiple vortex secondary flow solutions are possible depending on the particular variation of the permeability in the vertical direction. No secondary motion is expected for isothermal flows in homogeneous porous media.