Interpretation of the electronic spectra of Fe and Co porphyrins based on quantum-chemical calculations by the density functional method

Using the time-dependent formalism of the density functional theory (time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)), the energies and intensities of the electronic transitions of some Fe and Co porphyrins and their anionic forms with different electron localization are studied quantum chemically. It is shown that, in the majority of the considered cases, the calculations performed with the B3LYP functional with a comparatively narrow basis set (6-31G) are quite consistent with previous calculations of these objects by the ZINDO/S-CI semiempirical method taking into account double excitations. Furthermore, the level of agreement of the B3LYP calculations with experiment is the same as that obtained with the ZINDO/S-CI method.     

Charge transfer, double and bond-breaking excitations with time-dependent density matrix functional theory

Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in its current adiabatic implementations exhibits three remarkable failures: (a) completely wrong behavior of the excited state surface along a bond-breaking coordinate; (b) lack of doubly excited configurations; (c) much too low charge transfer excitation energies. These TDDFT failure cases are all strikingly exhibited by prototype two-electron systems such as dissociating H2 and HeH+. We find for these systems with time-dependent density matrix functional theory that: (a) Within previously formulated simple adiabatic approximations, the bonding-to-antibonding excited state surface as well as charge transfer excitations are described without problems, but not the double excitations; (b) An adiabatic approximation is formulated in which also the double excitations are fully accounted for.     

On the possibility of interpretation of the spectra of tetrapyrrole compounds and their radical ions on the basis of quantum-chemical calculations by the density functional method

Using the time-dependent formalism of the density functional theory (time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)), the energies and intensities of the electronic transitions of radical anions of Mg porphyrin and Mg phthalocyanine are calculated quantum chemically. Based on these calculations, an interpretation of the electronic spectra of these compounds is proposed. It is shown that, for the neutral Mg porphin molecule, the results of the TDDFT calculations are consistent with the generally accepted notions and with the experimental data only if hybrid density functionals are applied. In this case, the best results are obtained for an exchange-correlation functional whose parameters are close to the standard parameters of the B3LYP functional. The spectra of the electronic transitions of radical anions of the considered tetrapyrrole molecules calculated by the TDDFT (B3LYP) method are consistent both with previous semiempirical calculations and with the experimental data.     

Understanding the absorption and emission spectra of borondipyrromethene dye and its substituted analogues

Borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye possesses a bright and long wavelength emitting fluorescent character with a wide spectral range from visible to near infrared region. In the present work, the spectral properties of BODIPY dyes were analyzed using ab intio and density functional theory methods. The ground and excited state geometries of BODIPY and its substituted analogues in chloroform medium, were optimized using the density functional theory (DFT) and singly excited configuration interaction (CIS) methods. Based on the ground and excited state geometries, the absorption and emission spectra have been calculated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method. The TDDFT calculations have been performed using hybrid exchange correlation functionals B3LYP and M06-HF and long-range separated functionals LC-BLYP, LC-BOP, LC-PBE, LC-PBE0 and CAM-B3LYP. The solvent phase calculations were carried out using polarizable continuum model (PCM). The TDDFT investigation reveals that the substitution of acceptor, donor–donor, donor–acceptor–donor and phenyl group in BODIPY dye influence the absorption and emission spectra significantly.     

Absorption and emission properties of phenylene ethynylene oligomers: effect of substitution and π-conjugation length

The optical properties of a series of π-conjugated phenylene-ethynylene oligomers (OPEs) have been studied by advanced quantum chemical methods. The ground state and lowest singlet excited state geometries of unsubstituted and different electron donor and acceptor groups substituted OPEs are optimized by density functional theory and configuration interaction singles methods. The absorption and emission spectra of unsubstituted and substituted OPEs have been calculated using the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method. The results of theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the available experimental results. It has been found that the substitution of electron donating and withdrawing groups in the phenyl ring and conjugation length of the OPEs has significantly affect both the absorption and emission spectra     

Excited state intramolecular proton transfer mechanism of o-hydroxynaphthyl phenanthroimidazole

By utilizing the density functional theory(DFT) and the time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT), the excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) mechanism of o-hydroxynaphthyl phenanthroimidazole(HNPI) is studied in detail. Upon photo is excited, the intramolecular hydrogen bond is obviously enhanced in the S_1 state, which thus promotes the ESIPT process. Hydrogen bond is shown to be strengthened via comparing the molecular structures and the infrared vibration spectra of the S_0 and S_1 states. Through analyzing the frontier molecular orbitals, we can conclude that the excitation is a type of the intramolecular charge transfer excitation, which also indicates the trend of proton transfer in S_1 state. The vertical excitation based on TDDFT calculation can effectively repeat the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the experiment. However, the fluorescence spectrum of normal structure, which is similar to the spectrum of isomer structure is not detected in the experiment. It can be concluded that the fluorescence measured in the experiment is attributed to both structures. In addition, by analyzing the potential energy curves(PECs) calculated by the B3 LYP functional method, it can be derived that since the molecule to cross the potential barrier in the S_1 state is smaller than in the S_0 state and the reverse proton transfer process in the S_1 state is more difficult than in the S_0 state, the ESIPT occurs in the S_1 state.     

Ab initio investigation of excited state dual hydrogen bonding interactions and proton transfer mechanism for novel oxazoline compound

Owing to the importance of excited state dynamical relaxation, the excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) mechanism for a novel compound containing dual hydrogen bond(abbreviated as "1-enol") is studied in this work.Using density functional theory(DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT) method, the experimental electronic spectra can be reproduced for 1-enol compound. We first verify the formation of dual intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and then confirm that the dual hydrogen bond should be strengthened in the first excited state. The photo-excitation process is analyzed by using frontier molecular orbital(HOMO and LUMO) for 1-enol compound. The obvious intramolecular charge transfer(ICT) provides the driving force to effectively facilitate the ESIPT process in the S1 state. Exploration of the constructed S0-state and S1-state potential energy surface(PES) reveals that only the excited state intramolecular single proton transfer occurs for 1-enol system, which makes up for the deficiencies in previous experiment.     

基于密度泛函理论的对二甲苯分子电子光谱的外场效应研究

对二甲苯（PX）是化工领域一种非常重要的原料,被广泛地用于香料、医药、油墨和农药等的生产,因此研究PX分子的电子光谱和外场效应,对于它的检测和降解具有十分重要的意义。为研究外电场作用下,PX分子的紫外-可见（UV-Vis）光谱的变化,采用密度泛函理论（density functional theory,DFT）B3LYP方法在6-311++G(d, p)基组水平上,优化了不同外电场（0～0.025 a.u.,0～1.285 6×1010 V·m-1）作用下PX分子的基态几何构型,在此基础上利用含时密度泛函理论（TDDFT）计算了PX分子的UV-Vis吸收光谱,最后对PX分子紫外吸收峰和摩尔吸收系数受外电场作用的的影响规律进行了研究。结果表明：有波长为189 nm、摩尔吸收系数为35 580 L·mol-1·cm-1的强吸收峰,处于E₁带,它是环状共轭的三个乙烯键的苯型体系中的π→π*电子跃迁产生的;与苯分子相比,吸收峰出现11 nm的红移：由于两个甲基和苯环形成p-π共轭,苯环的大π键变弱,故PX分子的紫外吸收峰出现红移;当增加了外电场后,最低未占据轨道(LUMO)向外电场的反方向偏移,导致苯环上的电子密度减小,大π键变弱,π→π*跃迁需要的能量降低,电子跃迁产生的波长增大,吸收峰出现显著红移,当外电场增大到0.020 a.u.时,红移已经非常明显;外电场的引入,导致苯环上的电子密度减小,大π键变弱,π→π*跃迁的电子数减少,摩尔吸收系数降低,随着外电场的增强,摩尔吸收系数降低明显,尤其在外电场增强到0.020a.u.后,摩尔吸收系数降低非常显著。这些工作为PX的检测和降解方法研究提供了一定的理论依据,也对其他有机污染物的检测方法和降解机理的研究有启示作用。     

外电场作用下的五氯酚分子结构和电子光谱的研究

为研究外电场对环境毒物氯酚类化合物的分子结构、化学键和电子光谱产生的影响, 本文采用密度泛函(DFT)B3LYP方法在6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上优化并计算了不同外电场(0—0.025 a.u.) 作用下五氯酚分子的基态几何结构、电偶极矩和分子总能量, 在此基础上利用含时密度泛函(TDDFT)在同一基组下研究了五氯酚(pentachlorophenol, PCP)的紫外吸收光谱, 并与文献中给出的苯酚的紫外吸收峰的波长进行了比较, 最后对PCP分子的前10个激发态的波长和振子强度受外电场作用的的影响规律进行了研究. 结果表明, 分子几何构型与电场大小呈现强烈的依赖关系, 分子偶极矩随着外电场的增强先减小后增加, 而分子总能量随着外电场的增强先增加后减小; PCP的紫外吸收峰相对苯酚出现了红移, 其激发态的振子强度随着电场的增强而减小、紫外吸收峰也出现红移.     

A non-self-consistent range-separated time-dependent density functional approach for large-scale simulations

We propose an efficient method for carrying out time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations using range-separated hybrid exchange-correlation functionals. Based on a non-self-consistent range-separated Hamiltonian, the method affords large-scale simulations at a fraction of the computational time of conventional hybrid TDDFT approaches. For typical benchmark molecules including N(2), CO, C(6)H(6), H(2)CO and the C(2)H(4)-C(2)F(4) dimer, the method possesses the same level of accuracy as the conventional approaches for the valence, Rydberg, and charge-transfer excitation energies when compared to the experimental results. The method is used to determine π → π* excitations in both disordered and crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) conjugated polymers with more than six hundred atoms and it yields excitation energies and charge densities that are in excellent agreement with experiments. The simulation of the crystalline P3HT reveals that the phase of the wavefunctions could have an important effect on the excitation energy; a hypothesis based on π-π stacking is proposed to explain this novel effect in conjugated polymers.     

Excited-state hydrogen bonding dynamics of methyl isocyanide in methanol solvent: A DFT/TDDFT study

The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method was performed to investigate the hydrogenbonding dynamics of methyl cyanide (MeNC) as hydrogen bond acceptor in hydrogen donating methanol (MeOH) solvent. The ground-state geometry optimizations and electronic transition energies and corresponding oscillation strengths of the low-lying electronically excited states for the isolated MeNC and MeOH monomers, the hydrogen-bonded MeNC-MeOH dimer and MeNC-2MeOH trimer are calculated by the DFT and TDDFT methods, respectively. An intermolecular hydrogen bond N≡C…H-O is formed between MeNC and methanol molecule. According to Zhao’s rule on the excited-state hydrogen bonding dynamics, we find the intermolecular hydrogen bonds N≡C…H-O are strengthened in electronically excited states of the hydrogen-bonded MeNC-MeOH dimer and MeNC-2MeOH trimer, with the excitation energy of a related excited state being lowered and electronic spectral redshifts being induced. Furthermore, the hydrogen bond strengthening in the electronically excited state plays an important role on the photophysics and photochemistry of MeNC in solutions     

15eV的质子与羟基碰撞的动力学

采用含时密度泛函理论和分子动力学非绝热自洽耦合的方法,全微观研究沿垂直羟基分子轴向入射初动能为15 eV的质子与羟基碰撞过程的电子-离子关联动力学.计算质子和羟基动能、碰撞后羟基电子和离子的运动状态及系统电子密度的实时分布.结果表明:质子与羟基碰撞后俘获羟基的一部分电子被反弹并损失26.7%的初始动能而羟基动能增加.碰撞后丢失1%电子的羟基在保持碰撞前收缩振动的同时向计算边界平动并以93%的中性和7%的+1价的几率存在.     

SiN团簇光电子能谱的指认

应用含时密度泛函理论研究了SiN团簇低能激发态的性质.将计算结果与前人已有的计算结果进行了比较，此外还根据计算得到的低能激发能对SiN^-阴离子的光电子能谱进行了理论指认.研究表明，SiN^-阴离子的基态为¹Σ态，而光电子能谱上的X峰和A峰分别对应于¹Σ→²Σ和¹Σ→²Π的跃迁.研究结果还表明，用含时密度泛函的方法来处理激发态的问题是成功的. 关键词： 团簇 光电子能谱 基态 激发态     

外场作用下邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的分子结构和光谱研究

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate, DBP)是增塑剂的主要成分之一.为研究外电场对环境毒物增塑剂类化合物的分子结构和光谱产生的影响, 本文采用密度泛函(density functional theory, DFT) B3LYP方法在6-311++G(d, p)基组水平上优化了不同静电场(0–0.020 a.u.)作用下DBP分子的基态几何结构, 在此基础上利用同样的方法计算了DBP分子的电偶极矩、分子总能量和红外(infrared, IR)光谱, 最后利用含时密度泛函(time-dependent density functional theory, TDDFT)在同一基组下研究了不同外电场对DBP分子紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱产生的影响, 并与实验测得的光谱图进行了比较.结果表明, 在外电场的作用下, 分子结构变化剧烈, 电偶极矩增大, 分子总能量减小, 红外光谱吸收峰出现红移或蓝移, 分子的摩尔吸收系数重新分配, 振动斯塔克效应(vibrational stark effect, VSE)明显; 随着外电场的增强, 分子UV-Vis光谱的吸收峰红移显著, 振子强度剧烈下降.     

Theoretical investigation of the structure and electronic absorption spectrum of a complex zinc bis-[8-(3,5-difluorophenylsulfanylamino)quinolinate]

Using the quantum-chemical methods of the density functional theory DFT/B3LYP/DGDZVP, of the electron density topological analysis QTAIM, and of the time-dependent density functional theory TDDFT/BMK/DGDZVP, we have studied the structure and spectral properties of the electroluminescent complex zinc bis-[8-(3,5-difluorophenylsulfanylamino)quinolinate]. Good agreement of calculation results with experimental data on the electron density topological characteristics and on the absorption spectrum in the visible and UV ranges has been obtained. Based on the analysis of orbitals and wave functions of the TDDFT/BMK/DGDZVP method, we have elucidated the nature of absorption bands of the complex under study.     

三碘甲状腺素团簇结构与光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

我们利用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/Lan12mb基组水平上,得到了三碘甲状腺素团簇的几何和电子结构.在此基础上,利用含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT),使用相同的基组和采用极化连续介质模型(PCM),对其溶剂效应下的吸收光谱进行研究．研究结果表明,优化所得三碘甲状腺素团簇的对称性为C₁;在基态稳定结构基础上,研究了该分子的红外和拉曼分子振动谱特性,同时研究了其输运性质,即三碘甲状腺素团簇为p型输运材料;通过含时密度泛函理论,在优化好的基态结构基础上,又计算了它的溶剂效应,进一步得出该分子在水溶剂中的吸收光谱特性.     

Quantum-chemical study of structure and spectral properties of triphenylamine-rhodanine dye 2-(5-(4-(diphenylamine)benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-3-yl) acetic acid

The structure and optical properties of triphenylamine-rhodanine dye 2-(5-(4-(diphenylamine)benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-3-yl) acetic acid, which is used as a sensitizer for nanocrystalline TiO₂ solar cells, are studied based on the density functional theory. The nature of the absorption of this dye in the visible and near UV regions is discussed within the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The calculations of the vertical excitation energies of the dye molecule taking into account the effect of solvent reveal a strong positive solvatochromic effect compared to the calculations in the vacuum approximation. The IR absorption bands of this dye in the region of 600–1850 cm⁻¹ are completely interpreted.