一种基于复变量求导法的岩土体抗剪强度参数反演新方法

边坡稳定性分析中,岩土体(含结构面)抗剪强度参数的确定至为重要.工程实践中利用边坡上实测的位移数据反演岩土参数是一种理想的参数确定方法.当前采用的位移反分析方法在反演弹性模量、泊松比及地应力等参数时已经取得了较好的成果,但在反演抗剪强度参数时仍未获得理想的结果.本文针对岩土体抗剪强度参数反演中所存在的困难,将复变量求导法、优化方法以及岩土弹塑性有限元法结合起来,提出一种适用于岩土体抗剪强度参数的反演分析新方法,通过测点实测位移反演计算出岩土体的抗剪强度参数.算例结果表明,该方法具有较高的计算精度和搜索效率,是一种值得推广的位移反分析方法.     

结构面抗剪强度参数对岩质边坡稳定的影响

边坡工程中,结构面抗剪强度是非常重要的力学参数,合理地选择确定抗剪强度的方法,常常要分析c、φ值在边坡稳定中的作用。根据极限平衡原理,对10~30m高的平面滑动型边坡不同抗剪强度的控稳结构面c、φ值在边坡稳定中的作用进行了定量分析。研究表明c值对稳定系数的影响随坡高增大逐渐减弱,φ值对稳定系数的影响随坡高增大逐渐增强。得到了不同坡高下c、φ值边坡稳定作用等值曲线,该曲线很容易确定抗剪强度参数c、φ值在边坡稳定中的作用。     

反分析法与室内试验法确定岩质边坡结构面抗剪强度对比研究——以西柏坡纪念馆不稳定斜坡为例

岩质边坡结构面抗剪强度是分析边坡稳定性的重要参数。反分析法是视滑坡将要滑动而尚未滑动的瞬间为极限平衡状态,求解滑动面抗剪强度的一种方法,相对于室内实验和原位测试具有成本低的特点,但其普适性较差,对反分析法的应用条件进行研究对该方法在边坡工程中的准确应用具有重要意义。本文用反分析和室内试验两种方法确定西柏坡纪念馆不稳定斜坡结构面抗剪强度,发现对于单滑动面岩质顺层滑坡,直接采用滑坡断面进行反分析获得的结构面抗剪强度与室内试验结果相近,可用于评价同一结构面边坡的稳定性。     

两组节理控制下的公路岩质边坡稳定性分析及防控措施研究

节理岩质边坡的稳定性很大程度上取决于节理的抗剪强度及节理分布形式,多组节理控制下的岩质边坡稳定性分析存在参数选取和计算方法方面的问题。本文以某公路的节理岩质边坡为研究对象,采用节理抗剪强度折减的有限元方法研究了两组节理控制下的岩质边坡滑动机理,通过节理室内剪切试验和边坡稳定性反分析相结合的方法给出了合理的节理抗剪强度参数:节理1的强度参数是内聚力30k Pa、内摩擦角40°;节理2的强度参数是内聚力5k Pa、内摩擦角5°。在此基础上,考虑爆破施工对边坡岩体节理抗剪强度的弱化作用,对边坡稳定性进行了评价,分析结果得到了边坡的潜在滑动模式为节理控制下的浅层滑动。针对该边坡实际情况建议了以预应力锚索地梁为主的防控措施,即坡面中部采用三排1000k N级预应力锚索,间距3m,钢筋混凝土地梁水平间距5m。     

土体含水率与滑坡风险相关性实验研究

降雨入渗容易造成边坡滑坡自然灾害,含水率是影响土体抗剪强度的关键因素之一。本文以滑坡区红黏土为研究对象,制作了5组不同含水率的土样,并在不同垂直压力下进行快速剪切实验,得到每组对应的剪切强度参数,研究了含水率与剪切强度参数之间的关系。利用实验所得到的土工参数进行高地下水位边坡稳定性数值模拟,拟合得到边坡坡顶含水率与边坡安全系数的关系。结果表明:含水率从10%增加到25%,红黏土强度指标粘聚力、内摩擦角约分别下降50%和30%;含水率与粘聚力和内摩擦角间均呈半对数关系;边坡坡顶含水率增加导致边坡安全系数近似成二次曲线下降趋势。     

基于矢量和法的华丽金安金沙江大桥左岸桥址边坡稳定性研究

针对边坡的稳定性问题,采用矢量和法进行了系统的分析。考虑到左岸桥址边坡的具体工程地质条件对桥址边坡稳定性的不利影响因素,抗剪强度参数按照下限值、平均值、上限值三种情形,计算了自然工况、地震工况、桥基荷载工况、桥基荷载和地震荷载共同作用工况四种条件下桥位所在典型边坡剖面的稳定性安全系数。分析结果表明:桥基荷载作用后,边坡潜在最危险滑动面的剪入位置由前缘卸荷带移至中后缘桥基位置附近;自然工况和地震工况的安全系数值明显降低,最小安全系数值为1.619,仍大于该工程边坡稳定性要求的不小于1.30的规定。综上,该工程边坡安全稳定,实施过程中需关注施工造成的浅表安全问题。     

热带雨林地区乔木树根力学性能试验研究

针对海南地区四类热带乔木树根进行室内抗拉、抗剪力学性能的研究;结合根簇形态特征,对四类树种单根力学性能进行分析。研究结果表明:随着根径增加,四类树种单根抗拉力明显增加,而单根抗拉强度则呈降低趋势;随根径的增加,树根抗剪力逐渐增加,单根抗剪强度则逐渐减小;树根在根系中的生长方向和分布密度对树根的力学性质产生影响,竖直向下生长的主根主要提供抗剪强度及抗拉强度,而与主根簇中主根夹角越大的树种,其侧根所提供的抗剪强度相应越小;结合边坡工程对植被的要求,认为小叶榄仁及凤凰木的各方面力学特征优于同试验的其它树种,表现出更好的工程适用性。     

JRC-JCS模型抗剪强度估算的平均斜率法

结构面对工程岩体的稳定性有着决定性的影响,结构面的抗剪强度参数是分析岩体稳定的关键的参数。本文回顾了结构面抗剪强度估算的JRC-JCS模型及其估算方法,提出了可快速估算结构面抗剪强度参数的平均斜率法,并通过对比分析阐明平均斜率法的优越性。     

岩体节理抗剪强度的巴顿方程评价(英文)

根据实验室的抗剪强度试验, 本文对巴顿方程进行新的讨论并提出新的评价方法。实验室完成了一组岩体结构面的抗剪强度 (τ, σ)试验后, 利用抗剪强度资料来模拟巴顿方程的三个参数 (φ, JRC, JCS)在理论上可以用偏导数求解, 但由于巴顿方程的特殊性, 实际上是不可能的。     

尾矿砂二维非饱和渗流的实验研究

为研究尾矿砂非饱和渗流,通过自行设计的仪器进行了二维非饱和渗流实验,得到了实验中的基本现象和渗流稳定后含水率沿水平和竖直方向的分布。利用直剪实验测试了非饱和尾矿砂抗剪强度参数与含水率关系。通过分析综合获取了非饱和尾矿砂抗剪强度参数的空间分布,并利用分析结果解释了非饱和渗流中的基本现象。研究结果表明:尾矿砂非饱和渗流中出现了明显的裂缝和错层;非饱和尾矿砂内沿水平和竖直方向含水率分布均近似服从指数规律;粘聚力随含水率的增加先增后减;内摩擦角随含水率的增加单调递减;抗剪强度参数具有空间分布特点;裂缝和错层源于抗剪强度参数的分布与变化。     

Metal matrix composite solidification in the presence of cooled fibers: numerical simulation and experimental observation

Attempts have been made to alter the solidification microstructures of fiber reinforced aluminum composites by cooling the ends of the fibers extending out of the mold. Experimental observations indicate that cooling the extended ends of the reinforcement results in finer microstructures in the matrix and changes the nature of the interface. In this paper, numerical simulation is performed on a two-dimensional axi-symmetric model to investigate the solidification process of metal matrix composite (MMC) with the extended ends of the fibers cooled by a heat sink. The numerical simulation is based on the source-based enthalpy method with finite volume discretization. The temperature profiles obtained by simulation are compared to the cooling curves measured experimentally in order to validate the current mathematical model. It is found that the simulation result matches the experimental data with reasonable agreement.     

Chaotic behavior in piecewise-linear sampled-data control systems

This paper discusses the sufficient conditions for chaotic behavior in piecewise-linear sampled-data control systems by applying Shiraiwa-Kurata's theorem. First, it is shown that a discrete-time system with a piecewise-linear element is chaotic if the lower-dimensional system induced from the original system has a snapback repeller. Next, this result is applied to a piecewise-linear sampled-data control system. Finally, the chaotic region for a two-dimensional sampled-data control system with a dead zone element is studied, and two types of transition from a fixed point to a chaotic attractor are studied by numerical simulation.     

An efficient meshless computational technique to simulate nonlinear anomalous reaction–diffusion process in two-dimensional space

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, a numerical simulation of an anomalous reaction–diffusion process in two-dimensional space with a nonlinear source term is presented. An efficient and...     

气体运动论数值算法在微槽道流中的应用研究

简要介绍基于Boltzmann模型方程的气体运动论数值算法基本思想及其对二维微槽道流动问题数值计算的推广，并阐述适用于微尺度流动问题的气体运动论边界条件数值处理方法。通过对压力驱动的二维微槽道流动问题进行数值模拟，将不同Knudsen数下的微槽道流计算结果分别与有关DSMC模拟值和经滑移流理论修正的N—S方程解进行比较分析，表明基于Boltzmann模型方程的气体运动论数值算法对微槽道气体流动问题具有很好的模拟能力。     

Unsteady PTV velocity field past an airfoil solved with DNS: Part 1. Algorithm of hybrid simulation and hybrid velocity field at <Emphasis Type="Italic">Re</Emphasis> ≈ 10<Superscript>3</Superscript>

We develop a hybrid unsteady-flow simulation technique combining direct numerical simulation (DNS) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) and demonstrate its capabilities by investigating flows past an airfoil. We rectify instantaneous PTV velocity fields in a least-squares sense so that they satisfy the equation of continuity, and feed them to the DNS by equating the computational time step with the frame rate of the time-resolved PTV system. As a result, we can reconstruct unsteady velocity fields that satisfy the governing equations based on experimental data, with the resolution comparable to numerical simulation. In addition, unsteady pressure distribution can be solved simultaneously. In this study, particle velocities are acquired on a laser-light sheet in a water tunnel, and unsteady flow fields are reconstructed with the hybrid algorithm solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in two dimensions. By performing the hybrid simulation, we investigate nominally two-dimensional flows past the NACA0012 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers. In part 1, we introduce the algorithm of the proposed technique and discuss the characteristics of hybrid velocity fields. In particular, we focus on a vortex shedding phenomenon under a deep stall condition (α = 15°) at Reynolds numbers of Re = 1000 and 1300, and compare the hybrid velocity fields with those computed with two-dimensional DNS. In part 2, the extension to higher Reynolds numbers is considered. The accuracy of the hybrid simulation is evaluated by comparing with independent experimental results at various angles of attack and Reynolds numbers up to Re = 10⁴. The capabilities of the hybrid simulation are also compared with two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) solutions in part 2. In the first part of these twin papers, we demonstrate that the hybrid velocity field approaches the PTV velocity field over time. We find that intensive alternate vortex shedding past the airfoil, which is predicted by the two-dimensional DNS, is substantially suppressed in the hybrid simulation and the resultant flow field is similar to the PTV velocity field, which is projection of the three-dimensional velocity field on the streamwise plane. We attempt to identify the motion that originates three-dimensional flow patterns by highlighting the deviation of the PTV velocity field from the two-dimensional governing equations at each snapshot. The results indicate that the intensive spots of the deviation appear in the regions in which three-dimensional instabilities are induced in the shear layer separated from the pressure side.     

A new micromechanical approach of micropolar continuum modeling for 2-D periodic cellular material

In this paper, we present a new united approach to formulate the equivalent micropolar constitutive relation of two-dimensional (2-D) periodic cellular material to capture its non-local properties and to explain the size effects in its structural analysis. The new united approach takes both the displacement compatibility and the equilibrium of forces and moments into consideration, where Taylor series expansion of the displacement and rotation fields and the extended aver-aging procedure with an explicit enforcement of equilibrium are adopted in the micromechanical analysis of a unit cell. In numerical examples, the effective micropolar constants obtained in this paper and others derived in the literature are used for the equivalent micropolar continuum simulation of cellular solids. The solutions from the equivalent analysis are compared with the discrete simulation solutions of the cellu-lar solids. It is found that the micropolar constants developed in this paper give satisfying results of equivalent analysis for the periodic cellular material.     

Variational iteration method for two-dimensional steady slip flow in micro-channels

In this paper, the two-dimensional steady slip flow in microchannels is investigated. Research on micro flow, especially on micro slip flow, is very important for designing and optimizing the micro electromechanical system (MEMS). The Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional steady slip flow in microchannels are reduced to a nonlinear third-order differential equation by using similarity solution. The variational iteration method (VIM) is used to solve this nonlinear equation analytically. Comparison of the result obtained by the present method with numerical solution reveals that the accuracy and fast convergence of the new method.     

DYNAMICAL ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARY FOR FLUID MEDIUM IN WAVE MOTION PROBLEMS

无限域流体介质的波动辐射效应是影响海域工程动力反应的重要因素,人工边界是实现此类开放系统近场波动问题数值分析的有效方法.基于位移格式的流体波动理论推导开放域流体介质的人工边界,分别给出一维、二维和三维空间中平面波、柱面波和球面波的流体介质动力人工边界条件,其中一维平面波动人工边界为经典的黏性边界,二维柱面波、三维球面波的人工边界处节点应力与节点速度和加速度成正比,可等效为由阻尼与质量系统构成的人工边界条件.讨论相应的数值模拟技术,给出流体介质动力人工边界在ANSYS软件平台的具体实现方法.近场流体介质动力反应问题的算例表明,所发展的流体动力人工边界对于轴对称波动与非轴对称波动在近场有限域截断处的透射吸收作用的模拟计算精度均较为良好,说明此流体介质人工边界具有较高的可靠性与实用性.所发展的流体介质动力人工边界可较为方便地与大型商用有限元软件结合,可为包括海域地形和海岛在内的海域工程的动力分析提供一定的方法借鉴.     

GPS／捷联惯性组合导航系统的一种半实时算法

本文讨论了ＧＰＳ／捷联惯性组合导航系统的原理和特点，针对其理论仿真和工程实现中的衔接问题，提出了一种半实时算法。该算法既继承了理论仿真方便、直接的优点；又充分利用了实测数据。系统调试成功后，可以直接将全套软件转换到导航计算机中。文中给出了半实时算法的原理和方案，讨论了组合卡尔曼滤波器的实现和ＧＰＳ仿真器、航迹仿真器、惯性器件等的设置。最后给出了有关结论。     

孔板消减气流脉动的数值模拟及实验研究

添加孔板是一种消减压缩机管道系统内气流脉动有效而简便的方法,尽管在工业生产中已被广泛应用,但是其设计和制作所需的各个参数尚处于靠经验取值的阶段.针对这种情况,首先阐述了孔板消减管道内气流脉动的机理;然后使用流体仿真计算软件Fluent建立了管道内气体的二维非稳定流动模型,计算了孔板对管道内气流的压力脉动的影响;并在数值模拟的基础上,搭建了往复式压缩机管道系统实验平台,在进气管线研究了孔板对气流脉动的消减作用.通过数值模拟和实验研究分析了孔板孔径比对气流脉动的影响,并指出选用恰当孔径比的孔板不仅能有效降低主管线和缓冲器至孔板段管线的压力脉动幅度而且对压缩机进口段管线内压力脉动同样具有良好的消减效果.