共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
P. Stein N. Aßfalg H. Finkelmann P. Martinoty 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2001,4(3):255-262
We investigate the behavior of the complex shear modulus of a series of elastomers including mono-domain and poly-domain liquid
crystal samples, and a non-mesomorphic sample. We find that the dynamics of the glass transition are strongly modified by
the nematic order. This result explains why the truly elastic response of liquid crystal elastomers can only be observed in
the isotropic phase at very high temperatures and at very low frequencies. Between the elastic regime and the glassy state,
the elastomers have a visco-elastic regime, which is characterized by a Rouse-like behavior for mono-domain and poly-domain
samples, and by a Zimm-like behavior for the non-mesomorphic sample. We also show that the mono-domain sample exhibits marked
anisotropy of the shear-modulus G
′. This anisotropy, which is observed for the first time, is a function of frequency and is inverted between low and high frequencies,
due to relaxation effects of the orientational order.
Received 28 January 2000 and Received in final form 16 October 2000 相似文献
2.
P.K. Mukherjee H. Pleiner H.R. Brand 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2001,4(3):293-297
A simple Landau-type free energy function is presented to describe the smectic-A-isotropic phase transition. Varying the coupling
between orientational and positional order parameters, a smectic-A-isotropic or a nematic-isotropic phase transition occurs.
Within this model the smectic-A-isotropic phase transition is found to be always more strongly first order than the nematic-isotropic
phase transition. The theoretical results are found to be in good agreement with all published experimental results.
Received 27 June 2000 相似文献
3.
We study numerically the director and orientational order parameter configurations in a nematic liquid crystal around a two-dimensional
spherical particle on the basis of the tensor order parameter formalism. To properly account for the large length scale difference
between the particle and the accompanying orientational defect, we devise an adaptive grid scheme in which the lattice spacing
is automatically and locally adjusted in response to the spatial gradient of the orientational order parameter. This adaptive
grid scheme is useful in studying dynamical as well as static orientational structures. We present a simulation result which
shows how a hedgehog defect of topological charge -1 becomes unstable in two dimensions, and splits into a defect pair of
topological charge -1/2, located symmetrically around the particle.
Received 14 September 2000 and Received in final form 27 December 2000 相似文献
4.
R. Xu Y.J. Yan O. Kühn 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,19(3):293-305
Separating multidimensional problems into that of a relevant system which is coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators is
a common concept in condensed phase theory. Focusing on the specific problem of intramolecular proton transfer in an isolated
tropolone derivative, we consider the reactive proton moving in the plane of the molecule as the system and the remaining
substrate normal modes as the bath. An all-Cartesian system-plus-substrate Hamiltonian is constructed employing density functional
theory. It is then used to determine the temperature-dependent effective reduced reaction Hamiltonian and the state-to-state
dissipation rates induced via the system-substrate coupling up to the bi-quadratic order. The important substrate modes for the T1-relaxation and the pure T2-dephasing rates, which are either intra- or inter-well in nature, are identified numerically and analyzed physically with
molecular details.
Received 19 November 2001 and Received in final form 19 February 2002 相似文献
5.
R. Ramakumar K. Yamaji 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2001,24(1):71-75
A simple model is developed to understand superconductivity in α
′
-TTF[Pd(dmit)2]2. We include electron-intra molecular and intermolecular phonon interactions as the mechanism of superconductivity. Intramolecular vibrations included are the eight symmetric Ag modes of the Pd(dmit)2 molecule. Intermolecular vibrations included are the longitudinal acoustic and transverse acoustic (LA and TA) modes of the Pd(dmit)2 column. All the electron-phonon coupling constants are calculated from first principles. We find that largest el-intramolecular vibration coupling is to the Ag mode with the highest frequency (1449 cm-1). The el-intermolecular coupling to the LA mode is found to be larger than the total el-intramolecular couplings. We also find el-(TA)phonon coupling to be at least an order of magnitude smaller than el-(LA)phonon coupling.
Estimate of superconducting transition temperature is comparable to experimental result. We also provide a detailed discussion,
employing the results of recent numerical calculations on two-chain Hubbard model and the specific material parameters, on
the relative importance of el-ph and Coulomb-origin mechanisms of superconductivity in α
′
-TTF[Pd(dmit)2]2 and TTF[Ni(dmit)
2
]
2
.
Received 29 March 2001 and Received in final form 7 August 2001 相似文献
6.
Depletion interaction in a suspension of rodlike colloids with added non-adsorbing polymer coils is theoretically studied.
We calculate an overlap volume of depletion zone between two rodlike colloids, based on the second virial approximation. We
examine nematic-isotropic phase transition (NIT) and two-phase coexistence between an isotropic and a nematic phase at low
polymer concentrations. We find that the depletion interaction is dependent on the orientational order parameter of rodlike
colloids and leads to a decrease in the NIT concentration on the addition of polymer. The coexistence curves have a leaning-chimney
shape and are shifted to lower rod concentrations on increasing the polymer concentration.
Received 23 May 2001 and Received in final form 18 July 2001 相似文献
7.
C. Yannouleas U. Landman 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2001,16(1):373-380
We show that the spin-and-space unrestricted Hartree-Fock method, in conjunction with the companion step of the restoration
of spin and space symmetries via Projection Techniques (when such symmetries are broken), is able to describe the full range of couplings in two-dimensional
double quantum dots, from the strong-coupling regime exhibiting delocalized molecular orbitals to the weak-coupling and dissociation
regimes associated with a Generalized Valence Bond combination of atomic-type orbitals localized on the individual dots. The
weak-coupling regime is always accompanied by an antiferromagnetic ordering of the spins of the individual dots. The cases
of dihydrogen (H2, 2e) and dilithium (Li2, 6e) quantum dot molecules are discussed in detail.
Received 19 December 2000 相似文献
8.
Higgins AM Sferrazza M Jones RA Jukes PC Sharp JS Dryden LE Webster J 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2002,8(2):137-143
We investigate the dynamics of spinodal dewetting in liquid-liquid polymer systems. Dewetting of poly(methyl-methacrylate)
(PMMA) thin films on polystyrene (PS) “substrates” is followed in situ using neutron reflectivity. By following the development of roughness at the PS/PMMA interface and the PMMA surface we extract
characteristic growth times for the dewetting process. These characteristic growth times are measured as a function of the
molecular weight of the two polymers. By also carrying out experiments in the regime where the dynamics are independent of
the PS molecular weight, we are able to use dewetting to probe the scaling of the PMMA thin film viscosity with temperature
and molecular weight. We find that this scaling reflects bulk behaviour. However, absolute values are low compared to bulk
viscosities, which we suggest may be due in part to slippage at the polymer/polymer interface.
Received 25 June 2001 and Received in final form 5 December 2001 相似文献
9.
O. Yaroshchuk A.D. Kiselev Yu. Zakrevskyy J. Stumpe J. Lindau 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2001,6(1):57-67
The photoinduced 3D orientational structures in films of a liquid crystalline polyester, containing azobenzene side groups,
are studied both experimentally and theoretically. By using the null ellipsometry and the UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy,
the preferential in-plane alignment of the azobenzene fragments and in-plane reorientation under irradiation with linearly
polarized UV light are established. The uniaxial and biaxial orientational order of the azobenzene chromophores are detected.
The biaxiality is observed in the intermediate stages of irradiation, whereas the uniaxial structure is maintained in the
photosaturated state of the photo-orientation process. The components of the order parameter tensor of the azobenzene fragments
are estimated for the initial state and after different doses of irradiation. The proposed theory takes into account biaxiality
of the induced structures. Numerical analysis of the master equations for the order parameter tensor is found to yield the
results that are in good agreement with the experimental dependencies of the order parameter components on the illumination
time.
Received 23 April 2001 and Received in final form 1 August 2001 相似文献
10.
Toshiki Maruyama A. Bonasera M. Papa S. Chiba 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2002,14(2):191-197
We investigate the formation and the decay of heavy systems which are above the fission barrier. By using a microscopic simulation
of constrained molecular dynamics (CoMD) on Au + Au collision, we observe that composite states stay for a very long time
before decaying by fission.
Received: 13 December 2001 / Accepted: 19 March 2002 相似文献
11.
A. Smerzi A. Trombettoni T. Lopez-Arias C. Fort P. Maddaloni F. Minardi M. Inguscio 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,31(4):457-461
We demonstrate, both from a theoretical and an experimental point of view, the possibility of realizing a weak coupling between
two Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in different Zeeman states. The weak coupling drives macroscopic quantum oscillations
between the condensate populations and the observed current-phase dynamics is described by generalized Josephson equations.
In order to highlight the superfluid nature of the oscillations, we investigate the response of a 87Rb non-condensate (thermal) gas in the same conditions, showing that the thermal oscillations damp more quickly than those
of the condensate.
Received 2 May 2002 / Received in final form 19 November 2002 Published online 6 March 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: smerzi@sissa.it 相似文献
12.
G. Benenti G. Casati S. Montangero D.L. Shepelyansky 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,20(2):293-296
We study the properties of eigenstates of an operating quantum computer which simulates the dynamical evolution in the regime
of quantum chaos. Even if the quantum algorithm is polynomial in number of qubits nq, it is shown that the ideal eigenstates become mixed and strongly modified by static imperfections above a certain threshold
which drops exponentially with nq. Above this threshold the quantum eigenstate entropy grows linearly with nq but the computation remains reliable during a time scale which is polynomial in the imperfection strength and in nq.
Received 7 March 2002/ Received in final form 3 May 2002 Published online 19 July 2002 相似文献
13.
Radüge C Papastavrou G Kurth DG Motschmann H 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2003,10(2):103-114
The functionalisation of a surface with an organic monolayer containing photoactive moieties such as the azobenzene chromophore
opens an elegant route for controlling its wettability by light. In this paper we investigate the microscopic origin of the macroscopic change in wettability upon photo-induced cis-trans isomerization of a copolymeric diphenyl-diazene Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer. Polarised UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy have
been used to monitor the orientational order of various functional groups, Atomic Force Microscopy and Imaging Ellipsometry
is employed for the quantification of the surface roughness and morphology, contact angle and surface potential measurements
are carried out for a characterisation of the polar ordering. The data analysis is further supported by semi-empirical and
ab-initio calculations of the molecular dipole moments and the normal IR-modes of the fluorinated chromophore. The combination of all
these techniques provides a detailed molecular picture. The data suggest that changes in the projection of the dipole moment
onto the surface normal caused by isomerization of the azobenzene are responsible for the observed changes in the surface
energy. This knowledge allowed us to predict guidelines for the synthesis of molecules in order to maximize the wetting contrast
upon photo-irradiation.
Received 5 September 2002 Published online: 16 April 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: hubert.motschmann@mpikg-golm.mpg.de 相似文献
14.
L. Nony R. Boisgard J.-P. Aimé 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2001,24(2):221-229
This work is a theoretical investigation of the stability of the non-linear behavior of an oscillating tip-cantilever system
used in dynamic force microscopy. Stability criterions are derived that may help to a better understanding of the instabilities
that may appear in the dynamic modes, Tapping and NC-AFM, when the tip is close to a surface. A variational principle allows
to get the temporal dependence of the equations of motion of the oscillator as a function of the non-linear coupling term.
These equations are the basis for the analysis of the stability. One find that the branch associated to frequencies larger
than the resonance is always stable whereas the branch associated to frequencies smaller than the resonance exhibits two stable
domains and one unstable. This feature allows to re-interpret the instabilities appearing in Tapping mode and may help to
understand the reason why the NC-AFM mode is stable.
Received 12 April 2001 相似文献
15.
G. Benenti G. Casati S. Montangero D.L. Shepelyansky 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2003,22(2):285-293
We investigate the transition to quantum chaos, induced by static imperfections, for an operating quantum computer that simulates
efficiently a dynamical quantum system, the sawtooth map. For the different dynamical regimes of the map, we discuss the quantum
chaos border induced by static imperfections by analyzing the statistical properties of the quantum computer eigenvalues.
For small imperfection strengths the level spacing statistics is close to the case of quasi-integrable systems while above
the border it is described by the random matrix theory. We have found that the border drops exponentially with the number
of qubits, both in the ergodic and quasi-integrable dynamical regimes of the map characterized by a complex phase space structure.
On the contrary, the regime with integrable map dynamics remains more stable against static imperfections since in this case
the border drops only algebraically with the number of qubits.
Received 19 June 2002 / Received in final form 30 September 2002 Published online 17 Decembre 2002
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: dima@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr
RID="b"
ID="b"UMR 5626 du CNRS 相似文献
16.
E.S. Clementyev K. Conder A. Furrer I.L. Sashin 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2001,21(4):465-467
We provide here experimental data on the phonon density-of-states of MgB2 obtained by the inelastic neutron scattering technique. The measurements were performed for the natural boron-based magnesium
diboride with use of a time-of-flight neutron spectrometer. Several phonon bands were observed in the phonon spectrum at energies
of about 33, 55, 82 and 99 meV. We show that the cut-off energy of the density-of-states occurs at around 105 meV which is
much higher than expected so far from heat-capacity data and partially explains the high T
c
value observed for MgB2. The characteristic phonon energies are indicative of an intermediate coupling regime in this compound. We conclude that
a much needed neutron experiment aimed at the study of the isotopic effect in the phonon density-of-states of MgB2 is conceivable.
Received 19 March 2001 相似文献
17.
A. Latz M. Letz 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2001,19(3):323-343
The theory of light scattering for a system of linear molecules with anisotropic polarizabilities is considered. As a starting
point for our theory, we express the result of a scattering experiment in VV and VH symmetry as dynamic correlation functions
of tensorial densities ρ
lm(q) with l = 0 and l = 2. l, m denote indices of spherical harmonics. To account for all observed hydrodynamic singularities, a generalization of the theory
of Schilling and Scheidsteger [1] for these correlation functions is presented, which is capable to describe the light scattering
experiments from the liquid regime to the glassy state. As a microscopic theory it fulfills all sum rules contrary to previous
phenomenological theories. We emphasize the importance of the helicity index m for the microscopic theory by showing, that only the existence of m = 1 components lead to the well known Rytov dip in liquids and to the appearance of transversal sound waves in VH symmetry
in the deeply supercooled liquid and the glass. Exact expressions for the phenomenological frequency dependent rotation translation
coupling coefficients of previous theories are derived.
Received 3 July 2000 and Received in final form 7 November 2000 相似文献
18.
Chen SH Mallamace F Faraone A Gambadauro P Lombardo D Chen WR 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2002,9(3):283-286
We detect in a tri-block co-polymer micellar system an ergodic-to-nonergodic-to-ergodic transition, as a function of temperature,
in a range of concentrations, by photon correlation measurements. The shear viscosity is also shown to jump two order of magnitude
at these transition temperatures. Surprisingly, the structure factor as measured by small angle neutron scattering shows a
marked narrowing at the structural arrest state. Rationalization of these results with the existence of an attractive branch
in the phase diagram of an attractive colloid system predicted by mode coupling theory is made.
Received 9 Aprile 2002 相似文献
19.
A. Marucci P. Launois R. Moret A. Pénicaud 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,26(1):29-34
The phase diagram of the newly synthesized mixed crystal C60-biphenyl is investigated as a function of temperature by single-crystal X-ray scattering. Diffuse scattering investigations
evidencing complex disorder and local order effects are presented. Two phase transitions leading to two different doublings
of the high temperature unit cell are observed, at 212 K and 147 K. The first transition is attributed to the ordering of
twisted biphenyls, which couples to the orientational ordering of the C60 molecules as the temperature decreases. Full ordering of the C60 molecules is achieved below 100 K only, in the low temperature phase. The rich phase diagram of C60-biphenyl is due to the interplay between fullerene and biphenyl ordering phenomena.
Received 31 August 2001 and Received in final form 4 December 2001 相似文献
20.
Q.S. Hu H. Zheng 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,28(3):255-262
A new perturbation approach is developed for single- and many-electron Holstein model in one-, two-, and three-dimension.
The results show that this approach has a good agreement with the Migdal theory in the adiabatic regime when the coupling
is moderate (λ < 1), but with the Lang-Firsov theory in the antiadiabatic regime ( ω/W≫ 1). In the intermediate region, our approach can describe the transition from a large-polaron Fermi-liquid to the small-polaron,
and this transition may be discontinuous in adiabatic regime, which means a phase transition appears in many-electron system.
In single-electron case, we eliminate the abrupt transition using the degenerate perturbation theory, and the calculated ground
state energy and effective mass are successfully compared with those of previous authors. Besides, the method has the advantage
of requiring little computational effort.
Received 27 December 2001 / Received in final form 8 April 2002 Published online 31 July 2002 相似文献