主链具有X-型液晶基元的液晶高分子系列的合成与研究

以低温溶液缩聚方法,合成了一系列主链上具有X-型液晶基元的液晶高分子。所有聚合物样品均具有明显的热致液晶性。不同柔性链段长度和取代基对聚合物的液晶性呈规律性的影响。并用IR、H-NMR、WAXD和热台偏光显微镜等方法对聚合物进行了表征。     

含液晶基元的缩聚单体及其序列嵌段共聚物的合成

本文介绍了含液晶基元的缩聚单体的合成,2-甲基-1,4-苯撑双(4-氯甲酰)苯甲酸酯,以及由此单体与1,10-癸二醇、聚环氧丙烷二醇合成的含液晶性及非液晶性两种序列结构的嵌段共聚物。聚合物的液晶态性质由偏光显微镜和DSC进行初步表征。在研完中观察到:在对数比浓粘度较大的样品的DSC图中、在熔点之后存在一显著放热峰。这种异常现象可能意味着液晶态分子的另外一种分子运动。     

含X-型和棒型两种液晶基元的主链型共聚酯

采用高温溶液缩聚方法,合成了一系列不同配比的含X-型和棒型两种液晶基元的主链型芳族共聚酯。经检测,所有样品均具有热致液晶性。本文对这类共聚酯的液晶行为进行了研究。     

含X-型二维液晶基元和冠醚环的液晶共聚酯的研究

合成了一系列新的含X-型二维液晶基元和反式-4,4'-双(4-羟基苯基偶氮)二苯并-14-冠-4冠醚环的主链型液晶共聚酯. 通过GPC, [η], DSC, TG, WAXD和POM对其液晶性研究发现, 所有的共聚酯都呈现出向列相的丝状织构或纹影织构. 共聚酯的熔融温度(T_m)和各向同性温度(T_i)随共聚酯分子中反式-4,4'-双(4-羟基苯基偶氮)二苯并-14-冠-4用量的改变呈规律性变化.     

具有串型结构的液晶高分子的研究

以2,5-二羟基-1,4-亚苯基双-(对烷氧基苯甲酸酯)和1,12-十二酰氯为单体,采用低温溶液缩聚方法,合成了液晶基元垂直于分子主链的串型结构的液晶高分子系列。通过对其液晶行为的研究,发现包括甲氧基取代在内的所有四种聚合物在DSC图和偏光显微镜上都显示液晶现象。     

含X-型和棒型两种液晶基元的主链型系列芳族共聚酯的研究

采用含X-型和棒型液晶基元的两种不同单体,通过改变X-型液晶基元单体的结构和柔性链段长度,经高温溶液缩聚,合成了一系列主链型共聚液晶高分子.研究发现,所有样品都具有很好的热致液晶性及宽广的液晶态温度范围.随单体结构改变,共聚物的相转变温度大致呈规律性变化.     

一种新的侧链型液晶高分子的光谱研究

本工作使用FTIR、FT-RAMAN、~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR等方法,对一新型的侧链型液晶高分子聚-2,5-双(4-甲氧基苯甲酰氧基)苯乙烯的结构进行了表征,并对形成液晶态的分子间相互作用力作了讨论。实验结果表明,这种侧链型液晶高分子的相互作用主要发生在作为侧基的液晶基元之间。聚合物的核磁谱表现异常,其原固有待进一步研究。     

一种新型侧链液晶聚合物的喇曼光谱研究

根据传统的侧链型液晶聚合物理论,在液晶基元和主链之间必须有柔性链相连。最近我们设计并合成了单体为2,3-双(对烷氧基苯甲酰氧基)苯乙烯的侧链液晶聚合物,该聚合物突破了文献[1]的理论,把液晶基元从重心位置横挂于主链之上,其间无柔性链段,只以单键相接。我们用喇曼光谱研究了该新型侧链液晶聚合物,表明它存在上述结构特点。     

侧基横挂偶极单元的液晶聚苯撑乙炔的合成与表征

为了制备电致偏振光发光材料, 以对苯二乙炔和2,5-二溴苯衍生物为单体,通过Sonogashira偶联反应, 采用不同Pd催化剂, 合成了一种侧基横挂偶极基团的液晶聚苯撑乙炔. 单体的化学结构通过IR, NMR和元素分析等方法得到确证. 聚合物外观为黄色粉状固体, 室温下溶于CHCl3和THF等有机溶剂. 将聚合物加热到各自的玻璃化转变温度以上都能形成液晶态并显示双向液晶性. 考察了不同催化剂对合成的聚合物的分子量、聚合物链中单体单元的结构排列以及液晶性质的影响. 结果表明, 两种不同的Pd催化剂对合成的聚合物的分子量以及液晶态温度范围影响不大, 但对聚合物的立构规整性以及聚合物的液晶态织构有较大的影响. Pd(PPh3)4作催化剂合成的聚合物中单体单元的结构排列较单一, 可以观察到清晰的液晶态织构. 以PdCl2(PPh3)2为催化剂合成的聚合物链中单体单元的结构排列相对复杂, 液晶态织构不明显. 变温X 射线衍射研究证实聚合物均为向列相液晶.     

含1,3,4-噁二唑甲壳型液晶聚合物的合成与表征

甲壳型液晶聚合物（mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymer,MJLCP）是1987年由周其凤教授[1]首先提出的概念.从化学结构看,甲壳型液晶聚合物属于侧链型,由烯类单体经链式聚合制得,容易得到高分子量的产物,具有一般柔性侧链型液晶聚合物的一些优点.但是与柔性侧链型液晶聚合物不同的是,MJLCP分子中的刚性液晶基元是通过腰部或重心位置与主链相联结的,在主链与刚性液晶基元的侧基之间只有很短或者没有柔性间隔基.由于在这类液晶聚合物的分子主链周围空间内刚性液晶基元的密度很高,分子主链被由液晶基元形成的外壳所包裹并被迫采取相对伸直的刚性链构象.因此,这类液晶聚合物又和主链型刚性链液晶聚合物相似,具有较明显的链刚性.近年来,周其凤课题组围绕甲壳型液晶聚合物深入开展了分子设计与合成、分子结构与性能等多方面的研究.其中,设计合成具有特定功能的甲壳型液晶聚合物是在以往研究工作和学科交叉融合的基础上发展起来的一项新的研究工作.将一些有特殊功能的基团引入到甲壳型液晶聚合物中会使其具有崭新的特性.     

刚性链侧链型液晶高分子合成与研究

以自由基聚合方法，合成了一系列含有３个苯环通过酯键相联的液晶性单体及其聚合物，这类刚性液晶基元不通过柔性间隔基而直接竖挂在聚丙烯酸酯大分子主链上，具有很高的Ｔｇ·ＤＳＣ及偏光显微镜结果表明，所有的单体和聚合物均为向列型热致性液晶。     

4-甲基咪唑磁性表面分子印迹聚合物的制备及其应用

以4-甲基咪唑(4-MI)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,利用Fe₃O₄磁性纳米微球制备了具有特异性识别能力的磁性表面分子印迹聚合物(MIP),并用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对聚合物进行了表征,结果显示磁性载体表面包覆了分子印迹聚合物薄层。用紫外分光光度法对4-MI与MAA的相互作用进行了分析,结果表明主客体主要存在形式为1个4-MI被1个MAA所包围。通过紫外分光光度法对磁性印迹聚合物的吸附性能进行了研究,静态吸附平衡实验和Scatchard分析结果表明Fe₃O₄@(4-MI-MIP)中存在两类不同的结合位点,最大吸附量分别为40.31 mg/g和23.07 mg/g,平衡解离常数分别为64.85 mg/L和30.41 mg/L。动力学研究表明准二级动力学方程能较好地拟合动力学实验结果,该过程符合准二级动力学模型。该磁性印迹聚合物应用于环境水样中4-MI的吸附,取得了较满意的结果。     

Investigation of the thermal degradation of fully aromatic regular polyesters: Poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-fumaroyl-bis-4-oxybenzoate)

The thermal behaviour and degradation mechanism of fully aromatic polyester, poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-fumaroyl-bis-4-oxybenzoate), were studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry at 500-700 °C, and by thermogravimetry. The influence of fullerene C₆₀ additives on thermal behaviour and thermal degradation was investigated. On the basis of pyrolysis products determined, the origin of the main degradation products (maleic anhydride, phenol, hydroquinone, phenyl ether, p-hydroxybenzoate-p′-phenol, etc.) was estimated. The fullerene is a well-known efficient acceptor of radicals and its presence influences the thermal degradation process of polymers shifting the decomposition from a radical pathway to a non-radical mechanism. Thermal degradation mechanism of poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-fumaroyl-bis-4-oxybenzoate) is discussed in detail.     

Synthesis and characterization of benzocyclobuten-4-yl acrylate monomer and its radical polymerization

<正>A benzocyclobuten-4-yl acrylate(1) monomer was prepared by esterification of 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene with acryloyl chloride.The radical homopolymerization of 1 and copolymerization of 1 with styrene or n-butyl acrylate were carried out to produce linear polymers 2a,2b and 2c.Heating of these linear polymers under thermal initiation gave corresponding cross-linked polymers 3a,3b and 3c.The ring-opening reaction in the cross-linking process was confirmed by on-line infrared spectra.Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the glass transition temperatures of linear polymers 2a and 2b were 83.2℃and 68.1℃,respectively.Thermogravimetric analysis of the cross-linked polymers showed that they all exhibited good thermal stability.     

On the liquid-crystalline properties of methacrylic polymers containing 4′-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)azobenzene mesogens

In this article, we report on the synthesis and thermotropic behaviour of methacrylic polymers containing 4′-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)azobenzene mesogens attached to the backbone through n-alkyloxy spacers of 6 or 10 methylene groups. Polymerisations were carried out via free radicals using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Chemical structures of polymers and their precursors were characterised by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that azopolymers are thermally stable up to temperatures around 300°C. The thermotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) behaviour was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicate that all synthesised mesogens, monomers and polymers developed two or more orthogonal LC phases in wide temperature ranges. Mesogens and monomers developed nematic and smectic phases, whereas polymers exhibited only smectic phase. In polymers, the arrangement of mesogens depends on the relative length of the spacer and the terminal flexible chain; two distinct structural models were proposed based on chemical interactions and steric constrains. The trans–cis photoisomerisation of monomers and polymers in solution was also studied. High cis-isomer contents (>80%) were reached in relative short irradiation times despite the steric constrains imposed by the polymer backbone.     

Synthesis and properties of side chain liquid crystalline ionomers containing quaternary ammonium salt groups

New thermotropic side chain liquid crystalline ionomers (LCIs), containing 4-(4-allyloxybenzyloxy)-4'-alkoxybiphenyl (IM) as mesogenic unit and allyltriethylammonium bromide (ATAB) as non-mesogenic unit, were synthesized by graft copolymerization upon polymethylhydrosiloxane. The chemical structures of the polymers were confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the thermal properties of these polymers; the mesogenic properties were characterized by polarizing optical micrography, DSC and X-ray diffraction. The influence of the alkoxy chain length on the clearing temperatures of the ionomers is clearly shown in an odd-even effect, similar to other side chain liquid crystal polymers. The mesomorphic behaviour of the ionomers is compared with that of isomeric ionomers synthesized in previous work. The results demonstrate that the phase behaviour of the two series of isomeric ionomers is similar, but with the difference that the melting temperature of ionomers with biphenyl located at the end of the mesogen is higher than for ionomers with biphenyl located at the middle of the mesogen. The latter are more useful for smectic orientational order than the former.     

Study on new chiral liquid crystalline monomers and polymers containing menthyl groups

A series of new chiral monomers (M1–M4) and the corresponding siloxane polymers (P1–P4) containing menthyl groups were synthesised to establish the relationship between their structure and liquid crystalline properties. The effect of the mesogenic core rigidity and the spacer length on the phase behaviour of the monomers and polymers obtained in this study was discussed. The selective reflection of light for the chiral monomers was studied with UV-Vis spectrometer. Polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterise the phase behaviour and thermal stabilities. It was found that these chiral monomers and polymers were beneficial for the formation of the mesophases when a flexible spacer was inserted between the mesogenic core and terminal menthyl groups. M1–M3 showed enantiotropic chiral smectic C phase and cholesteric phase, and monotropic cubic blue phase on cooling cycle. M4 only showed cholesteric phase. P1–P4 showed a smectic A phase. With increasing the mesogenic core rigidity or decreasing the spacer length, the corresponding melting temperatures, glass transition temperatures and isotropic temperatures all increased.     

Synthesis, characterization and photocrosslinking properties of polyacrylamides having bromo substituted pendant cinnamoyl moieties

New 3- and 4-bromocinnamoyl aniline were synthesized condensing 4-aminoacetophenone and the respective bromobenzaldehydes in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The monomers, 4-(3′-bromocinnamoyl) phenyl acrylamide (4,3′-BCPA) and 4-(4′-bromocinnamoyl) phenyl acrylamide (4,4′-BCPA) were prepared by reacting the respective chalcones and acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine at 0-5 °C. Homopolymers of 4,3′-BCPA and 4,4′-BCPA was carried out in methyl ethyl ketone using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) under nitrogen atmosphere at 70 °C. The prepared polymers were characterized by UV, IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR techniques. The molecular weights (M_w and M_n) of the polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the polymers in nitrogen atmosphere reveals that they possess very good thermal stability required of a negative type photoresist. The glass transition temperature of poly(4,3′-BCPA) and poly (4,4′-BCPA) were found to be 55 and 64 °C respectively. The solubility of the polymers was tested in various polar and non-polar solvents. Photocrosslinking nature of the polymer samples was carried out in the presence and absence of various triplet photosensitizers in solution phase using chloroform solvent under medium frequency UV light. For using the polymers as negative photoresist materials the rate of photocrosslinking of the polymers was measured under the influence of different solvents, concentrations and position of the substituent.     

Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable poly(ether-azomethine)s derived from 1,1-bis[4-(4-benzaldehyde oxy)-3-methyl phenyl] cyclopentane

A new dialdehyde 1,1-bis[4-(4-benzaldehyde oxy)-3-methyl phenyl] cyclopentane (BBMPC) was synthesized starting from cyclopentanone and O-cresol to give 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methyl phenyl)cyclopentane (BHMPC); followed by reaction with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), containing anhydrous potassium carbonate. New series of poly(ether-azomethine)s were synthesized from (BBMPC) with different diamines such as 4,4′- diamino diphenyl ether (ODA); 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (MDA); 4-aminophenyl sulfone (SDA); p-phenylene diamines (p-PDA), etc. in N, N’- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) with 5 wt% LiCl by the solution polycondensation method. Inherent viscosities of these polymers were in the range 0.20 to 0.38 dL/g indicating formation of moderate molecular weights. These polymers exhibited good solubility in various polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), DMAc, DMF, etc. However some polymers showed partial solubility in DMF and DMAc. X-Ray diffraction pattern of polymers showed amorphous nature. Thermal stability was assessed by 10% weight loss temperature and the degradation temperature of the resultant polymers falls in the ranges from 444-501°C in nitrogen. The glass transition temperature was in the range of 155-205°C. The structure-property correlation among these polyazomethines were studied; in view of their potential applications as high performance polymers.     

Hydrolysis of 4‐acetoxystyrene polymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization

Hydrolysis of 4‐acetoxystyrene polymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization was carried out under various reaction conditions. It was found that hydrazinolysis of 4‐acetoxystyrene homopolymers, random and block copolymers with styrene in 1,4‐dioxane, afforded the corresponding narrow dispersed materials with phenolic groups which were substantially free from crosslinkages. Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) analysis of these polymers revealed different extents of molecular weight distribution (MWD) broadening for the hydrolysis products for the different structures. On the other hand, by NaOH catalyzed deprotection, the 4‐acetoxystyrene polymers including triblock copolymer poly(4‐acetoxystyrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐4‐acetoxystyrene) suffered from some degrees of coupling or even gelation, except for poly(styrene‐b‐4‐acetoxystyrene‐b‐styrene) which also by this method could be conveniently converted to its phenolic product. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 627–633, 1999