Analyse Conformationnelle de Pseudoprotoberbérines Naturelles. II. Etude Structurale par RMN de 13C des Tétrahydropseudoprotoberbérines provenant de I'Isopyrum thalictroïdes

The four pseudoprotoberberins extracted from Isopyrum thalictroides L. were reduced with sodium borohydride to the corresponding tetrahydropseudoprotoberberins. Comparison between the ¹³C NMR spectra of these and of synthetic protoberberins allowed us to assign a trans-1 configuration to the four reduced alkaloids and also to provide for this particular configuration an unequivocal criterion for the differentiation (based on the chemical shift of C-8) between tetrahydroprotoberberins (9, 10 substituted) and tetrahydropseudoprotoberberins (10, 11 substituted).     

De la chimie des ptérines. 15e communication. Hydroxylation non-enzymatique de la phénylalanine en tyrosine à l'aide de ptérines tétrahydrogénées

The non-enzymatic hydroxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine has been effected by atmospheric oxygen in aqueous solution in the presence of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterines, Fe^II or Fe^III, and EDTA, in a phosphate buffer at pH 6,9. A possible reaction mechanism is discussed.     

De la chimie des ptérines. 19e communication [1]. Essai d'interprétation des propriétés chimiques des ptérines au moyen de calcul d'orbitales moléculaires

HMO and semi-empirical SCF calculations on pterine systems of biochemical interest have been performed. The most basic center of each molecule has been determined by correlating the perturbation effect on the transition energy and the spectroscopic data. Additional calculations attempt to show why the redox-system which interfers in hydroxylation reactions consists of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterine and a quinoidic form. Finally the formation of radicals in the oxidation step of hydrogenated pterines is discussed.     

De la chimie des ptérines. 78e Communication.. Synthèse de l'ester tripolyphosphorique de la tétrahydro-5, 6, 7, 8-D-néoptérine. Essai d'interprétation de la biosynthèse de la L-sépiaptérine

Synthesis of 5, 6, 7, 8-Tetrahydro-D -neopterine tripolyphosphate. Attempt to Interpret the Biosynthesis of L -Sepiapterine The synthesis was achieved by phosphorylation of tetrahydro-5, 6, 7, 8-D -neopterine with polyphosphoric acid. The product is sensitive to light, moisture and oxidation like the other tetrahydropetrines. After oxidation in aqueous solution, D , L -sepiapterine was isolated in 5% yield. The oxidation of non-phosphorylated tetrahydro-5, 6, 7, 8-D -neopterine under the same conditions led to D -sepiapterine without inversion of the configuration. These findings were used to give a tentative explanation for the biosynthesis of natural L -sepiapterine from the D -neopterine.     

Hétérocyclisations intramoléculaires par réaction d'oxymercuration III. Régiosélectivité et stéréosélectivité de l'oxymercuration intramoléculaire de phénols orthoallyliques

The intramolecular heterocylization of ortho-allylic phenols by oxymercuration has been realized with compounds having different substituents on the allylic chain. In all cases, only the corresponding benzofuran is formed. However, with a substituent at the terminal carbon of the double bond, we also observed the formation of benzopyran. The influence of the solvent and the mercuric salt on the orientation of this reaction has been examined. There is evidence of a molecular rearrangement during the reduction.     

Sur les dérivés de la fluorénone VIII. Difluorénonyl-cétones,difluorényl-cétones et difluorényl-méthanes

By condensation of the chlorides of the four isomeric fluorenecarboxylic acids, respectively of the three 1-, 3- and 4-fluorenonecarboxylic acids with fluorene, followed by reduction of the obtained mono-respectively diketones, the four difluorenylmethanes I, II, III and IV are synthesized. The oxydation of the diketones gives the corresponding triketones. Starting from the chloride of 4-fluorenecarboxylic acid and 1-methylfluorene, a methyl derivative of IV is analogically obtained.     

Stéréosélectivité et régiosélectivité de la réduction des cyclopropènes-2,3 et méthylène-2 cyclopropanes fonctionalisés en position 1

Reduction of 2 cyclopropenyl esters and alcohols with lithium aluminium hydride is selective; at low temperatures (0°) the double bond is not reduced, but at higher temperatures (65°) the reduction is complete and only the cyclopropylmethanol is obtained. The reduction of the double bond is regioselective (the most stable carbanion is formed) and stereospecific (the hydride attack on the double bond occurs cis to the functional group). This stereospecificity can be explained through the initial formation of an alkoxylaluminium hydride followed by an intramolecular reduction of the double bond. Similar results have been obtained in the reduction of functionalised methylenecyclopropanes.     

Structure électronique de dérivés sulfurés : Partie V. spectres électroniques d''hétérocycles thio-carbonylés

The experimental and theoretical spectra of thiocarbonyl heterocyclic compounds with two heteroatoms in the position to the thiocarbonyl group have been studied.

The theoretical interpretation of the CNDO/S results including an extension to the third period, i.e. 3d orbitais, is in good agreement with the saturation effect as well as with the influence of the intracyclic heteroatoms on the typical absorptions of the thiocarbonyl group.     

Dérivés de sucres à groupement gem-dihalogénoéthényle

Carbohydrate Derivatives Bearing a gem-Dihalogenoethenyl Group Treated with the appropriate Wittig reagent, aldehydosugar derivatives ( 1–13 ) led in good to excellent yields to the expected gem-difluoro, gem-chlorofluoro-and/or gem-dichloroenoses ( 14–29 ). Examples of their dibromo analogues had been previously described (see e.g. [1]) but the diiodo derivatives could not be isolated, The influence of the conditions on the yields is reported as well as spectroscopic properties (particularly the long-range ¹³C, ¹⁹F- and ¹H, ¹⁹F-coupling constants) of these new enoses.     

Effets stéréosélectifs dans les réactions des complexes métalliques. I. Stéréosélectivité de la réaction de l'anion D-N-(hydroxy-2-éthyl)-propylènediaminetriacétatoferrate (III) avec quelques dérivés d'acides aminés

A chromatographic method for studying small effects of ligand stereoselectivity in the formation of labile metal complexes has been developed. It is shown that unidentate ligands can react stereospecifically with labile optically active metal complexes. An anion-exchanger charged with an optically active form of Fe^III-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-propylenediamine triacetate is used as a support in chromatography of N-acylated amino acids, and differences in retentions have been measured by elution and by frontal analysis.     

Réduction alkylante de quelques composés hétéroaromatiques polyazotés

The reduction-aldylation of quinoxaline, phthalazine and pyrido[2,3-b] pyrazine by potassium borohydride in a carboxylic acid medium is described. Formic, acetic, chloroacetic and propinic acids were used. The diazine ring of the molecule was reduced and alkylated into an N,N¹-dialkyltetrahydro compound. With quinoxaline and formic acid, N-formylation may be an important factor. Sodium borodeuteride allows one to prepare an hexadeuterated compound.     

Déconjugaison d'énones dérivées de sucres Communication préliminaire

Deconjugation of sugars enones. Preliminary Communication Branched-chain sugar enones 1 and 2 ( R = Ac) deconjugated toposelectively (only the E isomers reacting) to 3 . The same phenomenon was noted in the case of Z- 4 which gave E- 5 . The kinetic parameters of these reactions favored a concerted mechanism, i.e. a [1, 5]-sigmatropic shift.     

Synthése par deux voies différentes d'un systéme dihétérocyclique apparenté aux peltogynoides

5-Oxo-5H,7H-[2]benzopyrano[4,3-b][1]benzopyran ( 2 ) has been synthesized from 3-(o-hydroxybenzylidene)isochroman-1,4-dione ( 3 ) by reductive cyclization, and from 5H,7H[2]benzo-pyrano[4,3-b][1]benzopyran-5,7-dione ( 4 ) by selective hydro-genation. This second method affords the dihydro compound 6 or 6a,12a-dihydro-5H,7H-[2]benzopyrano[4,3-b] [1 ]benzopyran-5-one as reaction time increases.     

Propriétés chimiques du benzisosélénazole-1,2

The nitration and the bromination of 1,2-benzisoselenazole give mono derivatives at 5- or 7-position. With potassium amide 3-amino-1,2-benzisoselenazole is obtained from the unsubstituted ring. We observe a ring opening by action of organolithium compounds. We describe also the synthesis of functional derivatives at the 3-position from 3-styryl-1,2-benzisoselenazole and selenonaphthenequinone.     

Réaction d'énamines dérivées de la cyclohexanone avec le tétracyanoéthylène

Reaction with Tetracyanoethylene of Enamines derived from Cyclohexanone At room temperature enamines of cyclohexanone react with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) to give substituted tetrahydroindenes 5 . The structures are assigned on the basis of ¹³C-NMR. data and confirmed by hydrolysis. Spectroscopic studies (IR., UV., ESR.) at different temperatures indicate that the reaction can follow two routes: classical zwitterion formation, or a concurrent electron transfer between the enamines and TCNE leading to the derivates 5 . These are the first reported examples of the γ-carbon reactivity of an enamine.