Parametric dependence of the properties of pulsed-laser-deposited diamond-like carbon films

The properties of Pulsed-Laser-Deposited Diamond-Like Carbon (PLD DLC) films are studied as functions of the power density and the wavelength of the laser beam, and the incident angle of the beam relative to the normal of the target surface. All the films have a similar structure consisting of graphite particulates embedded in a continuous matrix, so the macroscopic performance of the films is determined by the overall contributions of the particulates and the matrix. The use of higher, shorter, or larger leads to an enhancement of the diamond-like characteristics and a simultaneous increase of the particulate density. These two effects give opposite contributions to the electrical conductivity _R, leading to the following results. (i) _R drops with increasing in the low range (region I) due to the stronger diamond-like nature of the matrix, but increases sharply after has exceeded a threshold _min as a result of the rapid increase in particulate density. (ii) In region I, the use of shorter or larger leads to a more diamond-like matrix, and this overwhelms the degradation effect caused by the slight increase in particulate density. The samples thus become more insulating. In the high region (region II), however, the use of shorter or larger gives rise to higher particulate density, thereby increasing the electrical conductivity.     

The Einstein 3-form Gα and its Equivalent 1-form Lα in Riemann–Cartan Space

We motivate the definition of the Einstein 3-form G by means of the contracted 2nd Bianchi identity. This definition contains the whole curvature 2-form. The L 1-form, defined via G = L ^*( ) ( is the Hodge-star, the coframe), is equivalent to the Einstein 3-form and contains all the information of the curvature 2-form relevant for the definition of the Einstein 3-form. A variational formula of Salgado on quadratic invariants of the L 1-form is discussed, generalized, and put into proper perspective.     

Corrections to cluster-radius scaling for branched polymers and percolation

We report analyses of series enumerations for the mean radius of gyration for isotropic and directed lattice animals and for percolation clusters, in two and three dimensions. We allow for the leading correction to the scaling behaviour and obtain estimates of the leading correction-to-scaling exponent . We find -0.640±0.004 and =0.87±0.07 for isotropic animals in 2d, and =0.64±0.06 in 3d. For directed lattice animals we argue that the leading correction has= or= ; we also estimate =0.82±0.01 and 0.69 ±0.01 ind=2, 3 respectively. For percolation clusters at and abovep _c, we find (p _c) =0.58±0.06 and (p>p _c)=0.84±0.09 in 2d, and (p _c)=0.42±0.11 and (p>p _c)=0.41 ±0.09 in 3d.     

Ferretti-Rajeev term and homotopy theory

We reduce Ferretti-Rajeev models to the usual sigma models with Chern-Simons terms (-terms), and show that whether is quantized or not corresponds to the fact ₄(G _j,n )₃(U(j))= or 0 of the topology in the process of our reduction. We also reconsider the topological invariance of the Chern classes in the language of the field theory.Partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, No. 04640088     

Invariant Foliation of Dynamical Spacetimes

We present a gauge-theoretical derivation of the Frobenius foliation condition. It is based on a nonlinear coset realization of the Poincaré group, implying the time component ⁰ of the coframe to be invariant. By means of the unitary gauge fixing of the boosts, three Goldstone-like degrees of freedom of ⁰ are eliminated. The remaining Higgs-like boson, satisfying the foliation condition, plays the role of time.     

On the existence of a local Hamiltonian in the Galilean invariant Lee Model

It is shown that there exists a selfadjoint Hamilton operator in the limit of local coupling for the Galilean invariant Lee Model. We discuss the scattering theory of this Hamilton operator in theV —N sector.     

Some systematic errors of magnetic induced anisotropy measurements

The paper presents an estimate of the magnitude of additional torsion of magnetostatic origin, and sets forth the conditions determining its periodicity in a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous magnetic field.It further deals with the eifect of inaccurate specimen orientation on the determination of coefficientsF andG and finds the following: If is the error of orientation of the plane of measurement, the error ofF measurement is [2F+G] sin² and the error of (1/2)G measurement is [F}+(1/2)G] sin² at most. If is the error of the setting of the direction of measurement or annealing, the maximum error ofF measurement is [–F±(1/2)G] sin² 2, and that of (1/2)G measurement is [–(1/2)G±F] sin² 2].In conclusion, the author wishes to express his thanks to Dr. J. ternberk CSc. for his valuable discussion and comments on this paper.     

ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ ПОЧЕРНЕ НИЯ ФОТОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ЭМУЛЬСИИ ОТ ЭНЕРГИИβ-ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ

, - - . , - , , :³²P,³⁵S ⁹⁰Sr+⁹⁰Y.     

ЛОКАЛЬНЫЕ КОЛЕБАНлЯ ДВУХАТОМНОЙ ЛлНЕЙНО Й ЦЕПОЧКл С ДЕФЕКТАМл

. n : , . npou u , n . n n npocm .     

The inelastic reactions πp→λ(⌆) K with allowance for the contribution of branch cuts

The method of complex angular moments is used to analyze the experimental data on the inelastic reactions p ()K, taking into account branch cuts in the j-plane in the eikonal approximation. An optical model for the backward scattering is considered. Agreement with experiment is obtained in the region of small angles for the reactions (⁰)K⁰. In the case of ^–P K⁰(^–K⁺) processes, agreement is obtained with the experimental results for large (180) scattering angles.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 26–30, August, 1972.     

К процессам в электро дных оБластях в силъноточных кратк овременных электрических разря дах

.

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On processes in electrode spaces of short-time high-intensity electric discharges

The conditions and causes of the interrupted emission of the vapours of the material of short-time high-intensity electric discharge electrodes are discussed on the basis of earlier and new observations.

     

Statistical phase properties in a coherent state

The wave function of a harmonic oscillator is investigated under the assumption that the phase plays the role of a generalized coordinate. This wave function makes it possible to obtain all possible statistical information concerning the phase in a coherent state (moments of all orders). It is particularly simple to calculate cos and sin .Odessa State Pedagogical Institute. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 748–760, July, 1991.     

Problems in the interpretation of cosmic ray nuclear interactions

Difficulties in the interpretation of high-energy nuclear interactions are discussed and explanations suggested on the basis of successive or composite nucleon-nucleus collisions, the first predominant below a few 10 ¹¹ eV,the second for higher energies. In the energy region up to about 10 ¹¹ eVsome discrepancies in the frequency of production of strange particles, the small interaction cross-section of iron etc. are explained, taking into account secondary intranuclear collisions. The tunnel model of Heitler and McCusker is replaced by assuming a cone-shaped interaction volume (funnel) even at the highest primary energies. A number of consequences concerning the energies of the primary particles, the multiplicity and asymmetry in the angular distribution of secondaries, coefficient of inelasticity etc. are discussed.

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, , 10¹¹ eV, — . 10¹¹ eV , ., , . () . , , , .

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This paper contains a condensed summary of some of the material presented in a series of lectures given by the author on the occasion of his visit to Prague in December 1957/January 1958. Its publication in this form is intended as an expression of thanks to the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and its leading Officers, in particular Prof. V. Procházka, Prof. J. Novák, and Prof. V. Petrílka, whose kind invitation made this visit possible.     

ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ УПРУГОСТИ ПАРОВ НЕКОТОРЫХ ВЫСОКОМОЛ ЕКУЛЯРНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ РАДИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИМ МА НОМЕТРОМ С БОЛБШОЙ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛ ЬНОСТЬЮ

- — — - ; napc. - , - , , 9 . - . - 3. 10^–6–1. 10^–6 mmpm. cm.     

Anti-parallel ferroelectric domains in surface space-charge layers of BaTiO3

It is shown on simplified models of a surface space-charge layer of a single crystal of BaTiO ₃ that in the surface region, in which the direction of the electric field is opposite to the direction of spontaneous polarization inside the crystal, anti-parallel domains can exist. The dimensions of these domains are determined. The use of the results obtained is proposed for interpreting the microrelief of the etch figures and for explaining the different phases of the polarization reversal process of a single-domain single crystal of BaTiO ₃.

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BatiO₃

BaTiO₃ , , , . . BaTiO₃.

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The author would like to thank J. Kaczer, Z. Málek and V. Dvoák of the Institute of Physics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, for valuable remarks on this paper and H. Havlíková for carefully carrying out the numerical calculations.     

Galilean quantum field theories and a ghostless Lee model

Galilean quantum field theories, i.e. kinematically consistent non-relativistic quantum theories with an infinite number of degrees of freedom, are considered. These theories transcend the frame of ordinary quantum mechanics by allowing genuine particle production processes to be described. The general structure of such theories is discussed and contrasted with the typical structure of relativistic quantum field theories which they may serve to illustrate a contrario. Despite the mass superselection rule, and due to the weakening of local commutativity conditions, galilean quantum field theories are much less constrained than relativistic ones. The CPT and spin-and-statistics theorems do not hold here, neither does Haag's theorem.Second-quantized quantum mechanics, some many-body theories (such as the polaron model) and static models are briefly examined, giving simple examples and counterexamples of the general properties asserted.A Lee model with complete nonrelativistic kinematics is studied and shown to give a consistent non-trivial example of a galilean quantum field theory. In this GaliLee model, while all the desirable features of the usual Lee model remain, the ghost problem disappears and the local coupling limit gives meaningful expressions for the physical quantities. The (V N ) sector is solved for the physical V-particle whose renormalization constant is finite for local coupling, and for the N- scattering amplitude, which obeys an exact effective range formula in the same local limit. The elementarity of the V-particle is discussed in relation with theZ=0 rule and Levinson's theorem which is found wanting. The case of an unstable V-particle is also considered, and leads, for local coupling, to an exact Breit-Wigner formula for the N- scattering cross-section.Revised Version. September 1966.     

The change in primary extinction during decomposition of a super saturated solid solution 1. System Al-Ag

On the basis of the correlation of diffraction data (intensity and width) of a precipitate with the intensity of reflection of a matrix solid solution it is shown that the change in primary extinction during the decomposition of a solid solution of Agin Alis caused by the precipitation of the phase Ag₂Aland not by the production of lattice defects (zones, stacking faults).

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I. Al-Ag

( ) , Ag Al Ag₂Al, ( , ).

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Reported in part at the VIth Scientific Technical Conference on the Application of X-rays held in Leningrad in 1958.

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The author thanks M. Mikovský for preparing the single crystals of the alloy Al-Ag having a high primary extinction and J. Laek and Prof. J. Bedná for carefully checking their homogeneity and chemical composition.     

ТЕМПЕРАТУРНАЯ ЗАВИС ИМОСТЬ ТЕРМОЭЛЕКТРОДВИЖУЩ ЕЙ СИЛЫ СЕРОГО ОЛОВА С ПРИМЕСЯМИ КАДМИЯ

- , - —183 —10 °.     

The elastic coupling between longitudinal and transversal vibrations оf isotropic rods II. Rods of circular cross-section

The new approximative method for calculating the frequencies of longitudinal vibrations of isotropic homogeneous rods described in part I. is used for rods of circular crosssection. Similarly to the rods of rectangular cross-section there does not exist any dead zone of frequencies.

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II.

, I. (. . 366), . , , .