Combustion synthesis and luminescence properties of Dy-doped MgO nanocrystals

MgO nanocrystals doped with Dy³⁺ have been synthesized by a combustion method. The synthesized sample is characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron micrograph, Fourier transform infrared, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The as-prepared MgO nanocrystals appear to be single cubic crystalline phase and the diameter is in the range of 20–25 nm. The hypersensitive transition (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2 of Dy³⁺) emission is prominent in the emission spectra resulting from the low-symmetry local site at which Dy³⁺ ions locate. In addition, the dependence of the luminescence intensity on Dy³⁺ concentration is also discussed.     

Influence of trivalent ions codoping on the Mo:PbWO4 luminescence properties

Trivalent ions codoping Mo:PWO boules were grown along the c-axis using the Czochralski technique. Trivalent ions codoping improved the fast components of luminescence for Mo:PWO due to suppression/compensation of hole-trapping centers. Correspondingly, trivalent ions codoping increased the fast components of the light yield. The La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ concentration in the crystal gradually decreased along the growth direction because they increased the melting point. The Y³⁺ concentration increased along this direction due to the different influence on the melting point. Compared with La:Mo:PWO, Y:Mo:PWO shows a more uniform transmittance along the growth direction.     

Distribution of oxidation states of Cr ions in Ca or Ca/Mg co-doped Cr:Y3Al5O12 single-crystal fibers with nitrogen or oxygen annealing environments

The valence states of Cr ions in Ca or Ca/Mg co-doped Cr:Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (YAG) single-crystal fibers are studied. The fibers were grown using the laser-heated pedestal growth method, followed by annealing treatments up to 1500 °C. The concentrations of the Cr³⁺ and Cr⁴⁺ ions in octahedral and tetrahedral sites in oxygen or nitrogen environments were characterized. Above 700 °C, migration of Cr⁴⁺ between octahedral and tetrahedral sites takes place; its relative stabilization energy was estimated. For Ca,Cr:YAG annealed in an oxygen or nitrogen environment, it was 0.25 and 0.3 eV, respectively. For Mg,Ca,Cr:YAG annealed in oxygen or nitrogen, it was 0.47 and 0.49 eV, respectively. For the Ca,Cr:YAG crystal fiber (Ca/Cr=113.1%) with oxygen annealing, about 35% and 2.5% of Ca ions took part in charge compensation for Cr⁴⁺ in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively. The density of oxygen vacancies depends on the concentration of Ca ions. The estimated ratios of the unreacted oxygen vacancies to total oxygen vacancies were about 63% and 88% for oxygen and nitrogen annealing, respectively. The main limitation on the concentration of Cr⁴⁺ in the tetrahedral site of YAG is the presence of unreacted oxygen vacancies.     

Investigation of Ni/Au-contacts on p-GaN annealed in different atmospheres

We investigated the effect of different annealing atmospheres on contact behaviour of Ni/Au contacts on moderately doped p-GaN layers. We used the annealing gases N₂, O₂, Ar, and forming gas (N₂/H₂) at varying annealing temperatures from 350°C to 650°C in steps of 50°C. The p-GaN samples were either metalorganic chemical vapor deposition or molecular beam epitaxy grown. Contact characterization was done after each annealing step by using the circular transmission line model. Specific contact resistances were determined to be in the low 10⁻⁴ Ω cm² range for oxidized contacts. Accompanying chemical analysis using depth resolved Auger electron spectroscopy revealed that NiO was formed and Au diffused towards the interface, whereas annealing in forming gas prevented oxidation and did not lead to Ohmic behaviour.     

Multiple-step annealing for 50% enhanced p-conductivity of GaN

In this article, multiple-step rapid thermal annealing (RTA) processes for the activation of Mg doped GaN are compared with conventional single-step RTA processes. The investigated multiple-step processes consist of a low temperature annealing step at temperatures between 350°C and 700°C with dwell times up to 5 min and a short time high temperature step. With optimized process parameters, and multiple-step processes, we achieved p-type free carrier concentrations up to 1–2×10¹⁸ cm⁻³. The best achieved conductivity, so far, lies at 1.2 Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹. This is a 50% improvement compared to conventional single-step process at 800°C, 10 min.     

Growth and spectral properties of Nd-doped Sr3Y(BO3)3 crystal

A new crystal of Nd³⁺:Sr₃Y(BO₃)₃ with dimension up to 25×35 mm² was grown by Czochralski method. Absorption and emission spectra of Nd³⁺: Sr₃Y(BO₃)₃ were investigated . The absorption band at 807 nm has a FWHM of 18 nm. The absorption and emission cross sections are 2.17×10⁻²⁰ cm² at 807 nm and 1.88×10⁻¹⁹ cm² at 1060 nm, respectively. The luminescence lifetime τ_f is 73 μs at room temperature     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO hollow nanospheres

A facile approach to fabricate Mn-doped ZnO hollow nanospheres is reported. Zn²⁺ and Mn²⁺ cations were adsorbed onto the surface of carbon template to form a core/shell structure in solution. Subsequent calcination of the core/shell structure would lead to the formation of Mn-doped ZnO hollow nanospheres. The magnetic properties of the hollow spheres were dependent on the calcination temperature. The room-temperature ferromagnetism was obtained when the temperature was less than 900 °C. However, the ferromagnetic behavior disappeared when the temperature was elevated to 1200 °C. The possible reason is the short-ranged ferromagnetic spin–spin interaction between neighboring Mn atoms by forming a bridge bond by H_i.     

Structure and thermal stability of MOCVD ZrO2 films on Si (1 0 0)

The structure and thermal stability of ZrO₂ films grown on Si (1 0 0) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition have been studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. As-deposited films consist of tetragonal ZrO₂ nanocrystallites and an amorphous Zr silicate interfacial layer. After annealing at 850°C, some monoclinic phase is formed, and the grain size is increased. Annealing a 6 nm thick film at 850°C in O₂ revealed that the growth of the interfacial layer is at the expense of the ZrO₂ layer. In a 3.0 nm thick Zr silicate interfacial layer, there is a 0.9 nm Zr-free SiO₂ region right above the Si substrate. These observations suggest that oxygen reacted with the Si substrate to grow SiO₂, and SiO₂ reacted with ZrO₂ to form a Zr silicate interfacial layer during the deposition and annealing. Oxygen diffusion through the tetragonal ZrO₂ phase was found to be relatively easier than through the monoclinic phase.     

The temperature gradient technique (TGT) growth and optical properties of Yb-doped YAlO3 single crystal

The dark-brown colored 5 at% Yb-doped YAlO₃ (Yb:YAP) single crystal was grown successfully by temperature gradient technique (TGT) for the first time. The TGT-grown Yb:YAP crystal with the perovskite structure and excellent crystallization perfection were confirmed by the X-ray diffractions techniques. The dark-brown color of TGT-Yb:YAP crystal turned into the colorless after annealing in the air at 1200 °C for 10 h. The absorption spectra, LD-excited infrared emission and X-ray excited luminescence spectra of the air-annealed Yb:YAP single crystal were investigated at the room temperature. The results indicate that the TGT-Yb:YAP single crystals can be used for the laser and scintillation applications.     

Pb2+掺杂CaMoO4∶Dy3+,Eu3+荧光粉发光性能及能量传递机理的研究

采用共沉淀法合成了Pb²⁺掺杂CaMoO₄∶Dy³⁺,Eu³⁺荧光粉,通过X射线衍射仪、荧光分光光度计对荧光粉的物相组成、发光特性以及激活离子间能量传递效率进行了表征及分析。结果表明,掺杂Pb²⁺的CaMoO₄∶Dy³⁺,Eu³⁺荧光粉样品没有出现新的衍射峰,说明Pb²⁺很好地代替Ca²⁺进入到晶格当中,CaMoO₄∶0.05Dy³⁺,0.15Eu³⁺,0.15Pb²⁺荧光粉晶胞参数为a=b=0.548 9 nm, c=1.275 3 nm, Z=2,属于四方晶系,在391 nm波长激发下,484 nm处为Dy³⁺(⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2)的蓝光特征发射峰,575 nm处为Dy³⁺(⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2)跃迁产生的黄光发射峰,593 nm处为Eu³⁺(⁵D₀→⁷F₁)跃迁产生的橙光发射峰,619 nm处为Eu³⁺(⁵D₀→⁷F₂)跃迁产生的红光发射峰。通过计算得出CaMoO₄∶Dy³⁺,Eu³⁺荧光粉中Dy³⁺和Eu³⁺之间临界传递距离为1.542 6 nm,能量传递机理是偶极-四极相互作用,能量传递效率接近60.31%,掺杂金属离子Pb²⁺的荧光粉样品能量传递效率最高提升至72.40%。所以,掺杂Pb²⁺能够大幅度提升Dy³⁺与Eu³⁺之间能量传递效率和改善荧光粉的发光性能,因此其在白光LED领域具有重要研究意义。     

Effect of lattice oxygen on optical absorption, radiation hardness and thermally stimulated luminescence of BaF2 crystal

The influence of the presence of BaO impurity on the optical absorption, radiation hardness and thermally stimulated luminescence of BaF₂ has been investigated. The presence of oxygen impurity gives rise to three absorption bands in the UV region, peaking around 220, 280 and 335 nm. Further, the impurity is found to be detrimental to crystal hardness against ionizing radiations. The thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) has been studied from gamma-irradiated crystals containing different fractions of BaO impurity. Four prominent glow peaks around 100°C (peak I), 150°C (peak II), 220°C (peak III) and 290°C (peak IV) are observed for crystals containing BaO impurity concentrations lower than 0.5% (by wt). For crystals containing higher impurity concentrations, two additional peaks around 75°C and 260°C are also observed. The kinetics of TSL emission is observed to be of first order, implying that the absorption and the emission centers responsible for TSL are the same. The normalized TSL output for peak I is found to vary linearly with the concentration of oxide impurity. This fact can be utilized to detect the presence of minute amounts of oxygen in BaF₂ lattice, which is crucial to the growth of crystals exhibiting high radiation hardness.     

颜色可调Ca2LaTaO6∶Dy3+,Tb3+荧光粉的制备、发光性能及能量传递

本文利用高温固相反应法制备了高效黄绿色多色发光荧光粉Ca₂LaTaO₆∶Dy³⁺, Tb³⁺,其主要窄发射带来自Tb³⁺的547 nm处,并且由于Dy³⁺的敏化作用而在250~400 nm区域具有宽激发带,将Dy³⁺和Tb³⁺共掺到Ca₂LaTaO₆ (CLTO)基质中,构建能量传递体系。通过激发/发射光谱及寿命衰减曲线测试证实了Dy³⁺到Tb³⁺的能量传递过程。Dy³⁺→Tb³⁺的能量传递以偶极-四极相互作用为主,能量传递效率可达80%甚至更高。基于该能量传递过程,在Dy³⁺的特征激发下,通过改变Dy³⁺和Tb³⁺的相对掺杂浓度,可以使发光颜色由黄色渐变为绿色,说明发光颜色可调的多色发光荧光粉Ca₂LaTaO₆∶Dy³⁺, Tb³⁺在荧光粉转换的白光LED中具有潜在的应用前景。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2 nanowires

The MoS₂ nanowires with diameters of 4 nm and lengths of 50 nm were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using 0.36 g MoO₃ and 1.8 g Na₂S as precursors in 0.4 mol/l HCl solution at 260°C. The products are characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, HTEM and BET. Results show that the as-prepared MoS₂ nanowires consist of 1–10 sulfide layers with BET surface areas of 107 m²/g. The possible reaction route and the formation mechanism of the MoS₂ nanowires are discussed. The effects of exterior conditions such as pH value, temperature, concentration of precursors and additives on the particle size and morphology of MoS₂ crystallites were investigated.     

Growth of NaBi(WO4)2 crystal by modified-Bridgman method

NaBi(WO₄)₂ (NBW) crystals have been grown for the first time by modified-Bridgman method. Influences of some factors on the crystal growth process are discussed. X-ray powder diffraction experiments show that the unit cell parameters of NBW crystal are a=b=0.5284 nm, c=1.1517 nm, and V=0.3215 nm³. The differential thermal analysis shows that the NBW crystal melts at 923°C.     

Study on PbWO4 doped with Y, Sb

A series of PbWO₄(PWO) powders, undoped and doped with Y and or Sb, were prepared in air and studied by cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, and compared with that of undoped and Sb doped PWO single crystals grown by the Bridgman method. The luminescence of PWO prepared in air at high temperature (900° C) is mainly in a broad green band, and its intensity of emission is stronger than that of doped PWO. However the luminescence of PWO:Sb prepared in an oxygen deficient atmosphere is better than undoped PWO.     

Sr7Sb2O12∶Dy3+荧光粉的制备及其发光性能

采用高温固相法制备了一系列新型Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺(x=0~0.35)(摩尔分数)荧光粉,并研究了Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺的物相结构、发光性能、热稳定性以及荧光寿命。在350 nm光激发下,Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺可以检测到中心波长在482 nm处的蓝光发射带和中心波长在576 nm处的黄光发射带,当x=0.056时,Dy³⁺浓度猝灭,Sr_6.944Sb₂O₁₂∶0.056Dy³⁺ CIE色坐标为(0.340 8,0.349 3),猝灭机理归因于电偶极-电偶极相互作用。当x=0.14时,该荧光粉可以发出色坐标为(0.310 9,0.314 0)的白光。此外,Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺在453 K的发光强度大约为室温下发光强度的83.3%,表现出良好的热稳定性。综合以上研究结果表明,Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺有望用于紫外光激发的白光发光二极管器件中。     

Epitaxial growth of the CoFe2O4 film on SrTiO3 and its characterization

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) thin film is epitaxially grown on (0 0 1) SrTiO₃ (STO) by laser molecular beam epitaxy (LMBE). The growth modes of CoFe₂O₄ (CFO) film are found to be sensitive to laser repetition, the transitions from layer-by-layer mode to Stranski–Krastanov (SK) mode and then to island mode occur at the laser repetition of 3 and 5 Hz at 700 °C, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the CFO film on (0 0 1) SrTiO₃ is compressively strained by the underlying substrate and exhibits high crystallinity with a full-width at half-maximum of 0.86°. Microstructural studies indicate that the as-deposited CFO film is c-oriented island structure with rough surface morphology and the magnetic measurements reveal that the compressive strained CoFe₂O₄ film exhibits an enhanced out-of-plane magnetization (190 emu/cm³) with a large coercivity (3.8 kOe).     

Na+,Dy3+,Eu3+掺杂YAG荧光粉的光学性能

本文用高温固相法制备了Na+,Dy3+,Eu3+掺杂YAG系列荧光粉.通过改变掺杂的Dy3+浓度、激发波长、掺杂Na+,研究其对发光的影响.X射线衍射结果显示,硼酸、Na+、Dy3+、Eu3+掺入基本不影响YAG的立方晶相,且随Na+、Dy3+、Eu3+浓度增加,样品衍射峰位置向小角度偏移.用λem=590 nm监测D...     

Facile synthesis of submicron BaTiO3 crystallites by a liquid–solid reaction method

Uniform, submicron BaTiO₃ crystallites in tetragonal structure were synthesized by a novel low-temperature liquid–solid reaction method mainly via two simple steps: firstly, BaO₂·H₂O₂ submicron particles of about 130–450 nm were precipitated from the reaction of BaCl₂ and H₂O₂ in a slightly alkaline (pH 8) aqueous solution under the ambient condition; secondly, tetragonal phase BaTiO₃ submicrocrystals with the size in the range of 180 to 400 nm could be produced by subjecting the as-prepared BaO₂·H₂O₂ and commercial TiO₂ submicron particles to thermal treatment in air at 700 °C for 10 h. The as-obtained products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.     

Effect of the substrate temperature on the crystallization of TiO2 films prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering

Titanium oxide (TiO₂) films were deposited on silicon substrates at the temperature in the range 50–600 °C by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. It was found that the anatase and rutile phases co-existed in the TiO₂ films deposited at 450–500 °C, while only the anatase phase existed in those deposited at other temperatures. The mechanism of such a crystallization behavior of TiO₂ films is preliminarily explained.