Theoretical infrared line shapes of H‐bonds within the strong anharmonic coupling theory and Fermi resonances effects

In this article, we extend a previous work toward presenting a theoretical study of the effects of Fermi resonances and the fundamental anharmonic coupling parameter α between the high‐frequency mode and the H‐bond bridge. The model incorporates (i) both intrinsic anharmonicities of the fast mode (double well potential) and the H‐bond Bridge (Morse potential), (ii) strong anharmonic coupling theory, (iii) Fermi resonances by the aid of an anharmonic coupling between the fast mode and one or several harmonic bending modes, (iv) quadratic modulation of both the angular frequency and the equilibrium position of the X? …Y stretching mode on the intermonomer ? H… motions, and (v) the quantum direct (fast and bending modes) and indirect dampings (slow mode). The IR spectral density is obtained by Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the transition dipole moment operator of the X? H bond. The numerical calculation shows that Fermi resonances generate very complicated profiles with multisubstructure and also provide a direct evidence of Fermi resonances which were predicted to be a major feature of H‐bonds. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010     

Theoretical Raman and infrared spectra, and vibrational assignment for para-halogenoanilines: DFT study

The theoretical IR and Raman spectra of para-halogenoanilines, 4-XC(6)H(4)NH(2) (X=F, Cl and Br) were calculated by using the density functional B3LYP method with the 6-311++G(df,pd) basis set. The theoretical spectra show very good agreement with experiment. The rigorous normal coordinate analyses have been performed, and the detailed vibrational assignment has been made on the basis of the calculated potential energy distributions (PEDs). Several ambiguities and contradictions in the previously reported vibrational assignments have been clarified. The "marker bands" and the effects of the halogen substituent on the characteristic aniline bands in the IR and Raman spectra are discussed.     

An infrared and Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl micas

Vibrational spectroscopy using a combination of infrared and Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the uranyl micas also known as the autunite minerals, of general formula M(UO2)2(XO4)2.8-12H2O where M may be Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe2+, Mg, Mn2+ or 1/2(HAl) and X is As or P. Included in these minerals are autunite, metautunite, torbernite, meta-torbernite, meta-zeunerite, saléeite and sabugalite. Compared with the results of infrared spectroscopy, Raman microscopy shows excellent band separation enabling the separation and identification of bands attributed to (UO2)2+ units, PO4 and AsO4 units. Common to all spectra were bands at around 900 and 818 cm(-1), attributed to the antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the (UO2)2+ units. Water in autunites is in a highly structured arrangement in the interlayer of the uranyl micas. Water molecules are differentiated according to the strength of the hydrogen bonds formed between the water and the adjacent uranyl-phosphate or uranyl-arsenate surfaces and the hydration sphere of the interlayer cation.     

Theoretical interpretation of the infrared lineshape of liquid and gaseous acetic acid

We have applied a model used recently [P. Blaise, M.J. Wojcik, O. Henri-Rousseau, J. Chem. Phys. 122 (2005) 64306] to unpolarized ν_X–H infrared lineshapes of cyclic (CH₃COOH)₂ in liquid and gaseous phases and (CD₃COOH)₂ in gaseous phase and taking into account the IR A_g forbidden transition. This model incorporates (i) the anharmonic coupling between the high frequency mode and the H-bond bridge, (ii) the Davydov coupling between the excited states of the two moieties, (iii) the quantum direct and indirect dampings. The approach reproduces satisfactorily the main features of the experimental lineshapes by using a minimum number of independant parameters.     

Matrix infrared study of the specific interactions between methanol and nitrogen,and methanol and carbon monoxide

The specific interactions (“complexations”) between N₂ or CO and protic molecules, especially alcohols, are discussed. The influence of the interaction of N₂ and CO on the νOH, δOH, νCO and τOH bands of methanol were studied by recording the i.r. spectrum of methanol in N₂, CO and mixed Ar/N₂ and Ar/CO matrices; shifts of these bands from the argon values were larger in some of the mixed matrices than in pure N₂ or CO. All of these four bands are split by 2% of CO in Ar. The influence of N₂ and CO on the shift of the τOH band from the argon value was found to be smaller for methanol than for other alcohols. In contrast to argon, the τOH band is intense in pure N₂ and CO and is symmetric and considerably temperature dependent, especially in pure CO.     

Infrared and Raman line shapes of dilute HOD in liquid H2O and D2O from 10 to 90 degrees C

A combined electronic structure/molecular dynamics approach was used to calculate infrared and isotropic Raman spectra for the OH or OD stretches of dilute HOD in D2O or H2O, respectively. The quantities needed to compute the infrared and Raman spectra were obtained from density functional theory calculations performed on clusters, generated from liquid-state configurations, containing an HOD molecule along with 4-9 solvent water molecules. The frequency, transition dipole, and isotropic transition polarizability were each empirically related to the electric field due to the solvent along the OH (or OD) bond, calculated on the H (or D) atom of interest. The frequency and transition dipole moment of the OH (or OD) stretch of the HOD molecule were found to be very sensitive to its instantaneous solvent environment, as opposed to the isotropic transition polarizability, which was found to be relatively insensitive to environment. Infrared and isotropic Raman spectra were computed within a molecular dynamics simulation by using the empirical relationships and semiclassical expressions for the line shapes. The line shapes agree well with experiment over a temperature range from 10 to 90 degrees C.     

Theoretical anharmonic Raman and infrared spectra with vibrational assignments for monofluoroaniline isomers

The ortho-meta-, and para-fluoro substituted anilines are prototype molecules for investigation of the interactions of both the amino group and the fluorine atom with the aromatic ring. The molecular structures, natural atomic charges and theoretical anharmonic Raman and infrared spectra of the three fluoroaniline isomers have been calculated by using the density functional B3LYP method with the extended 6-311++G(df,pd) basis set. The Raman and infrared spectra of 2FA, 3FA, and 4FA have been recorded. The detailed vibrational assignments of the experimental spectra have been made on the basis of the calculated potential energy distributions, PEDs. The effect of fluorine substituent on the aniline ring geometry and charge distribution, the nature of the characteristic “marker bands” and a quenching of intensities of some bands are discussed. It is shown that the frequencies of the NH₂ stretching vibrations depend on the degree of pyramidalization of the C-NH₂ group, in the isomers. In 2FA and 3FA, the NH₂ stretching frequencies are higher than those in 4FA. This corresponds to a more flattened structure of the amino group in 2FA and 3FA, in comparison to 4FA.     

Raman and infrared study of some metal periodato complexes

The Raman and IR spectra of salts of [M{IO₅(OH)}₂]⁵⁻ (M = Cu, Ag, Au), [M(OH)₂{IO₅(OH)}₂]⁶⁻ (M = Pd, Pt), trans-[MO₂{IO₅(OH)}₂]⁶⁻ (M = Ru, Os) and {IM₆O₂₄]⁵⁻ (M = Mo, W) are reported and assignments proposed.     

Theoretical formalism and experimental verification of line shapes of NMR intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence spectra

Although the theories and potential applications of intermolecular multiple-quantum coherences (iMQCs) have been under active investigations for over a decade, discussion of iMQC NMR signal formation was mainly confined in the time domain. In this paper, a full line-shape theory was developed to describe iMQC signals in the frequency domain. Relevant features of the line shape, such as peak height, linewidth, and phase, were investigated in detail. Predictions based on the theory agree well with experimental and simulated results. Since radiation-damping effects always couple with iMQCs in highly polarized liquid-state NMR systems, and strongly radiation-damped signals have many spectral characteristics similar to those of iMQCs, a detailed comparison was also made between them from different spectral aspects. With detailed comparison of peak height, linewidth, and phase, this work demonstrates that the iMQC and radiation-damping phenomena result from two completely different physical mechanisms despite that both present similar signal features and coexist in highly polarized liquid-state NMR systems.     

A Raman and infrared spectroscopic study of the phosphate mineral laueite

A laueite mineral sample from Lavra Da Ilha, Minas Gerais, Brazil has been studied by vibrational spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with EDX. Chemical formula calculated on the basis of semi-quantitative chemical analysis can be expressed as (Mn²⁺_0.85,Fe²⁺_0.10Mg_0.05)_∑1.00(Fe³⁺_1.90,Al_0.10)_∑2.00(PO₄)₂(OH)₂·8H₂O.The laueite structure is based on an infinite chains of vertex-linked oxygen octahedra, with Fe³⁺ occupying the octahedral centers, the chain oriented parallel to the c-axis and linked by PO₄ groups. Consequentially not all phosphate units are identical. Two intense Raman bands observed at 980 and 1045 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the ν₁ PO₄³⁻ symmetric stretching mode. Intense Raman bands are observed at 525 and 551 cm⁻¹ with a shoulder at 542 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the ν₄ out of plane bending modes of the PO₄³⁻. The observation of multiple bands supports the concept of non-equivalent phosphate units in the structure. Intense Raman bands are observed at 3379 and 3478 cm⁻¹ and are attributed to the OH stretching vibrations of the hydroxyl units. Intense broad infrared bands are observed. Vibrational spectroscopy enables subtle details of the molecular structure of laueite to be determined.     

An infrared and resonance Raman spectroscopic study of phenylazonaphthol pigments

The IR, resonance Raman (RR) and electronic spectra of two phenylazonaphthol pigments, LRC Scarlet and 4BL Red, have been measured and assignments of the vibrational and electronic spectra were facilitated by ab initio calculation s at the B3-LYP/DZ level. Vibrational spectra indicate that the major species in the solid state are the hydrazo tautomers. Electronic spectra are in accordance with the nature of the electronic transitions predicted by time-dependent B3-LYP/DZ calculations.     

An infrared and Raman study of new lonic-conductor lithium glasses

New vitreous fast ionic conductors in the system B₂O₃Li₂OLiCl are described. The conductivity of these glasses increases with the Li₂O and particularly with the LiCl contents. A Raman and infrared study undertaken to elucidate the “structure” of the glasses and the conduction mechanism indicates that the structure consists of a “covalent” boron-oxygen network, in which LiCl is “diluted” without producing detectable interactions with the latter.     

Application of infrared and Raman microspectroscopy to the study of polymeric materials

Microspectroscopic techniques have been developed to analyze vibrational spectra with high spatial resolution. Technical characteristics of Raman and infrared microspectroscopies are discussed and some of the main spectroscopic investigations on polymeric materials are described.     

An infrared and Raman spectroscopic study of natural zinc phosphates

Zinc phosphates are important in the study of the phosphatisation of metals. Raman spectroscopy in combination with infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterise the zinc phosphate minerals. The minerals may be characterised by the patterns of the hydroxyl stretching vibrations in both the Raman and infrared spectra. Spencerite is characterised by a sharp Raman band at 3516 cm(-1) and tarbuttite by a single band at 3446 cm(-1). The patterns of the Raman spectra of the hydroxyl stretching region of hopeite and parahopeite are different in line with their differing crystal structures. The Raman spectrum of the PO4 stretching region shows better band separated peaks than the infrared spectra which consist of a complex set of overlapping bands. The position of the PO4 symmetric stretching mode can be used to identify the zinc phosphate mineral. It is apparent that Raman spectroscopy lends itself to the fundamental study of the evolution of zinc phosphate films.     

Density-functional theory-based molecular simulation study of liquid methanol

We present a density-functional theory based molecular dynamics study of the structural, dynamical, and electronic properties of liquid methanol under ambient conditions. The calculated radial distribution functions involving the oxygen and hydroxyl hydrogen show a pronounced hydrogen bonding and compare well with recent neutron diffraction data. We observe that, in line with infrared spectroscopic data, the hydroxyl-stretching mode is significantly redshifted in the liquid, whereas the hydroxyl bending mode shows a blueshift. A substantial enhancement of the molecular dipole moment is accompanied by significant fluctuations due to thermal motion. We compute a value of 32 for the relative permittivity, almost identical to the experimental value of 33. Our results provide valuable data for improvement of empirical potentials.     

Ab initio molecular dynamics study of liquid methanol

We present a density-functional theory based molecular-dynamics study of the structural, dynamical, and electronic properties of liquid methanol under ambient conditions. The calculated radial distribution functions involving the oxygen and hydroxyl hydrogen show a pronounced hydrogen bonding and compare well with recent neutron diffraction data, except for an underestimate of the oxygen–oxygen correlation. We observe that, in line with infrared spectroscopic data, the hydroxyl stretching mode is significantly red-shifted in the liquid. A substantial enhancement of the dipole moment is accompanied by significant fluctuations due to thermal motion. Our results provide valuable data for improvement of empirical potentials.     

A study of diffractometer line shapes in melt crystallized polyethylene

Wide angle X-ray diffraction scans of isothermally crystallized samples of polyethylene containing known levels of chain defects have been investigated. An analysis of scattering curves using a powder diffractometer is reported. The analytical deconvolution of Lorentz and Lorentz squared profiles for the PE experimental scattering curve and the standard is performed to give the pure profile for the polymer. The separate contribution of paracrystalline lattice distortions and coherently diffracting domains, in different crystallographic directions, to the broadening of the diffraction profiles is discussed in the light of the level of defects present.     

Multidimensional infrared spectroscopy of water. I. Vibrational dynamics in two-dimensional IR line shapes

In this and the following paper, we describe the ultrafast structural fluctuations and rearrangements of the hydrogen bonding network of water using two-dimensional (2D) infrared spectroscopy. 2D IR spectra covering all the relevant time scales of molecular dynamics of the hydrogen bonding network of water were studied for the OH stretching absorption of HOD in D2O. Time-dependent evolution of the 2D IR line shape serves as a spectroscopic observable that tracks how different hydrogen bonding environments interconvert while changes in spectral intensity result from vibrational relaxation and molecular reorientation of the OH dipole. For waiting times up to the vibrational lifetime of 700 fs, changes in the 2D line shape reflect the spectral evolution of OH oscillators induced by hydrogen bond dynamics. These dynamics, characterized through a set of 2D line shape analysis metrics, show a rapid 60 fs decay, an underdamped oscillation on a 130 fs time scale induced by hydrogen bond stretching, and a long time decay constant of 1.4 ps. 2D surfaces for waiting times larger than 700 fs are dominated by the effects of vibrational relaxation and the thermalization of this excess energy by the solvent bath. Our modeling based on fluctuations with Gaussian statistics is able to reproduce the changes in dispersed pump-probe and 2D IR spectra induced by these relaxation processes, but misses the asymmetry resulting from frequency-dependent spectral diffusion. The dynamical origin of this asymmetry is discussed in the companion paper.     

Raman and infrared spectroscopic study of the anhydrous carbonate minerals shortite and barytocalcite

The Raman spectra of shortite and barytocalcite complimented with infrared spectra have been used to characterise the structure of these carbonate minerals. The Raman spectrum of barytocalcite shows a single band at 1086cm(-1) attributed to the (CO(3))(2-) symmetric stretching mode, in contrast to shortite where two bands are observed. The observation of two bands for shortite confirms the concept of more than one crystallographically distinct carbonate unit in the unit cell. Multiple bands are observed for the antisymmetric stretching and bending region for these minerals proving that the carbonate unit is distorted in the structure of both shortite and barytocalcite.