Ag3PO4/TiO2复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能研究

为提高纳米TiO2的光催化降解性能和稳定性,采用两步水热法制备具有高催化性能的Ag3PO4/TiO2复合催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS、TEM等仪器对其表面微观形貌和形态大小、表面元素组成、物相结构等进行表征,并研究了TiO2的比表面积和Ag3PO4颗粒尺寸大小对Ag3PO4/TiO2光催化性能的影响.以亚甲基蓝(MB)和苯酚为目标降解物来考察复合光催化剂的光催化性能.结果表明:1h后Ag3PO4、TiO2、Ag3PO4/TiO2对亚甲基蓝的降解率为25;、42;、92;;复合光催化剂Ag3PO4/TiO2经过5次光催化降解实验后,对亚甲基蓝的降解率仍可达78;.     

聚乙烯醇改性磷酸银的光催化活性研究

在制备的磷酸银表面吸附少量的聚乙烯醇(PVA),并通过热处理制备了DPVA/Ag3 PO4复合材料.使用傅立叶红外光谱法(FT-IR)和荧光光谱法(PL)对DPVA/Ag3 PO4复合材料进行表征.分析得知,经聚乙烯醇复合改性的DPVA/Ag3 PO4复合微粒中存在共轭结构,光生电子-空穴对复合率降低,光催化活性得到显著提高.研究了不同条件(复合比例、热处理温度、热处理时间)下制备的复合光催化剂在可见光下催化降解甲基橙的光催化性能.当PVA与Ag3 PO4质量比为1:4000,热处理温度为190℃,热处理1 h时光催化效果最好.     

Ag3PO4/ATP纳米复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能研究

以天然矿物凹凸棒石(简称ATP)为载体,在其表面原位生成纳米Ag3PO4,制备Ag3POJATP复合光催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(Uv-vis DRS)等测试方法对复合材料的表面结构、形貌、光响应性能进行了研究.结果表明:Ag3PO4/ATP复合光催化剂中Ag3PO4-以纳米微球均匀分布在ATP表面,平均直径12.5 nm.进一步通过150 W碘钨灯下降解甲基橙(MO)的实验,研究了光催化材料的可见光催化性能.实验结果表明,Ag3PO4、Ag3PO4/ATP在可见光下具有光催化活性,Ag3PO4/ATP的光催化性能优于Ag3PO4,2.5h对甲基橙的降解率达到93.4;.     

pH值对水热合成磷酸铋的光催化性能的影响

利用水热法通过调节溶液的pH值合成了不同物相和形貌的磷酸铋.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行了物相和形貌表征,并以10 mg·L-1的亚甲基蓝溶液为目标降解物,对材料的光催化降解性能进行了评价.结果表明:前驱物溶液的pH值对磷酸铋的形貌、物相和光催化性能都有较大影响.前驱物溶液pH值为1.3时制得的磷酸铋的光催化性能最高,室温汞灯照射20 min,亚甲基蓝的降解率可达到99.61;.     

TiO2-ZnTiO3纳米复合薄膜的制备及光催化性能

将ZnO粉末加入TiO2溶胶中制备出TiO2/ZnTiO3复合薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱对其形貌、晶体结构、化学组成和光谱响应特征进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应,考察了不同ZnO掺入比例对复合薄膜光催化性能的影响.结果表明,所得材料的光催化性能与复合结构中TiO2的结晶结构有关.Ti/Zn=6∶1时,所得复合薄膜由锐钛矿相TiO2与钙钛矿相ZnTiO3构成,薄膜中晶粒尺寸较小(约为30 nm)、结晶度较高、催化性能最好.在紫外光下5h可使亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液脱色降解率达到94;,明显高于纯TiO2薄膜(87;).     

光敏化La2O3/TiO2催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和水热法制备了La2O3/Ti O2复合物,将此种La2O3/Ti O2复合物利用叶绿素提取液浸泡后,制得了光敏化La2O3/Ti O2复合物,并采用透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、比表面积测定仪和紫外-可见分光光度计等对样品进行了表征。结果表明:La2O3/Ti O2催化剂的颗粒粒径在3~10 nm之间,BET比表面积为173.53 m2/g,光敏化La2O3/Ti O2复合物具有较好的可见光响应性能。在可见光下研究了几种光催化剂对水中六价铬离子的光催化还原效果,光催化结果表明:以光敏化La2O3/Ti O2复合物为催化剂,在可见光下光催化还原含Cr6+废水180 min后,Cr6+脱除率达到78.7%。     

Ag3PO4/ZnO复合粉体制备及其可见光催化性能

室温下,以ZnO粉体、Na2HPO4、AgNO3和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为原料,成功制备出了系列Ag3PO4/ZnO复合粉体.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和紫外-可见光谱仪分别对复合粉体的物相、形貌和可见光吸收性能进行了表征.研究了不同摩尔比的Ag3PO4/ZnO复合粉体的光催化性能.结果表明:当ZnO和Ag3PO4摩尔比约为1:1时,所得的Ag3PO4/ZnO复合粉体对罗丹明B染料的可见光催化效果最好,降解率达到99;.     

DPVA/Ag3 PO4纳米复合材料的制备与表征研究

以Ag3 NO3和Na2 HPO4为原料,通过沉淀法制备Ag3 PO4.Ag3 PO4与聚乙烯醇超声吸附并通过热处理制备了DPVA/Ag3 PO4复合材料.采用SEM、XRD、XPS和UV-Vis DRS等手段对DPVA/Ag3 PO4复合材料的形貌、晶型、元素组成和光吸收能力进行了表征分析.结果显示,经过DPVA的复合修饰之后的Ag3 PO4与纯Ag3 PO4相比,晶型、粒径和形貌基本没有发生改变,DPVA附着在磷酸银表面,样品的光吸收性能在可见光区得到了明显提高.当Ag3 PO4与PVA质量比为10000:1,热处理温度为180℃,热处理时间为1 h时,所制样品的光催化活性最佳.     

Ag-AgCl/Al2O3复合光催化材料的制备与光催化性能研究

以介孔γ-Al2O3为载体,采用化学沉积-光还原法制备了具有表面金属等离子体效应的Ag-AgCl/Al2O3复合光催化材料.用SEM、TEM、XRD及UV-Vis能谱等对复合材料进行了结构和性能表征,并以10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液为目标降解物,对复合材料的光催化性能进行了评价.实验结果表明,复合光催化材料在可见光下光照60 min后对亚甲基蓝的降解率达95;以上,总有机碳TOC去除率约为65;,实验制备的Ag-AgCl/Al2O3具有很高的可见光催化活性,循环使用5次后依然具有90;以上的MB降解率.     

ZnTiO3/TiO2异质复合材料的制备及光催化性能

将均相沉淀法制备的ZnO粉体加入到TiO2前驱体中合成了ZnTiO3/TiO2异质复合材料,利用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis-DRS、BET以及FTIR等手段对其进行表征,同时在紫外光区测试了光催化氧化降解亚甲基蓝溶液的性能.结果表明,锌钛摩尔比和焙烧温度影响产物的组成、形貌和光催化性能,当锌钛摩尔比0.2、焙烧温度600 ℃,产物呈现出均匀棒状物形貌,具有介孔结构,-OH含量也最多,相对于纯TiO2具有更强的紫外吸收性能,并且出现红移现象,光照120 min后亚甲基蓝降解率可达到99;.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.