A note on the diophantine equation (a n − 1)(b n − 1) = x 2

Let a, b be fixed positive integers such that a ≠ b, min(a, b) > 1, ν(a?1) and ν(b ? 1) have opposite parity, where ν(a ? 1) and ν(b ? 1) denote the highest powers of 2 dividing a ? 1 and b ? 1 respectively. In this paper, all positive integer solutions (x, n) of the equation (a ⁿ ? 1)(b ⁿ ? 1) = x ² are determined.     

On the recursive sequencex n +1=α-(x n /x n −1)

We study the global asymptotic stability, global attractivity, boundedness character, and periodic nature of all positive solutions and all negative solutions of the difference equation $$x_{n + 1} = \alpha - \frac{{x_n }}{{x_{n - 1} }}, n = 0,1,...,$$ where α∈R is a real number, and the initial conditionsx?1,x ₀ are arbitrary real numbers.     

The integral points on elliptic curves y 2 = x 3 + (36n 2 − 9)x − 2(36n 2 − 5)

Let n be a positive odd integer. In this paper, combining some properties of quadratic and quartic diophantine equations with elementary analysis, we prove that if n > 1 and both 6n ² ? 1 and 12n ² + 1 are odd primes, then the general elliptic curve y ² = x ³+(36n ²?9)x?2(36n ²?5) has only the integral point (x, y) = (2, 0). By this result we can get that the above elliptic curve has only the trivial integral point for n = 3, 13, 17 etc. Thus it can be seen that the elliptic curve y ² = x ³ + 27x ? 62 really is an unusual elliptic curve which has large integral points.     

A Note on the Recursive Sequence x n + 1 = p k x n + p k − 1 x n − 1 +...+ p 1 x n − k + 1

We present some comments on the behavior of solutions of the difference equation where p _i 0, i = 1,..., k, k N, and x _–k ,..., x _–1 R.     

On Globally Periodic Solutions of the Difference Equation x n + 1 = f ( x n )/ x n − 1

We study the second-order difference equation x n +1 = f ( x n ) x n m 1 where f ] C 1 ([0, X ),[0, X )) and x n ] (0, X ) for all n ] Z . For the cases p h 5, we find necessary and sufficient conditions on f for all solutions to be periodic with period p . We answer some questions and conjectures of Kulenovi ' and Ladas.     

Boundedness properties of the difference equation x n+1=(α+βx n +δx n−2)/(x n−1)

Consider the third-order difference equation x _n+1 = (α+βx _n +δx _n ? 2)/(x _n ? 1) with α ∈ [0,∞) and β,δ ∈ (0,∞). It is shown that this difference equation has unbounded solutions if and only if δ>β.     

On the diophantine equation x 2 − Dy 2 = n

We propose a method to determine the solvability of the diophantine equation x2-Dy2=n for the following two cases:(1) D = pq,where p,q ≡ 1 mod 4 are distinct primes with(q/p)=1 and(p/q)4(q/p)4=-1.(2) D=2p1p2 ··· pm,where pi ≡ 1 mod 8,1≤i≤m are distinct primes and D=r2+s2 with r,s ≡±3 mod 8.     

On Diophantine equation 3a 2 x 4 − By 2 = 1

Bumby proved that the only positive solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation 3x ⁴ ? 2y ² = 1 are (x, y) = (1, 1), (3, 11). In this paper, we extend this result and prove that if the class number of the field ${{\rm Q}(\sqrt{1-3a^{2}})}Bumby proved that the only positive solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation 3x ⁴ − 2y ² = 1 are (x, y) = (1, 1), (3, 11). In this paper, we extend this result and prove that if the class number of the field Q(?{1-3a²}){{\rm Q}(\sqrt{1-3a^{2}})} is not divisible by 2, the equation 3a ² x ⁴ − By ² = 1 has at most two solutions. However, both solutions occur in only one case, a = 1, b = 2, as solved by Bumby. The proof utilizes the law of quadratic reciprocity that seems very rare in solving Diophantine equations, and the solution will be also obtained effectively through the proof when it exists.     

Paramétrisation des points algébriques de degré donné sur la courbe d'équation affine y3=x(x−1)(x−2)(x−3)

We give a parameterization of the algebraic points of given degree over $\mathbb{Q}$ on the curve$y^3=x(x?1)(x?2)(x?3)$ This result extends a previous result of E.F. Schaefer who described in Schaefer (1998) [1] the set of algebraic points of degree ?3 over $\mathbb{Q}$.     

On the Behavior of Solutions of x n+1 = p+(x n−1/xn )

Our goal in this article is to complete the study of the behavior of solutions of the equation in the title when the parameter p is positive and the initial conditions are arbitrary positive numbers. Our main focus is the case 0 < p < 1. We will show that in this case, all solutions which do not monotonically converge to the equilibrium have a subsequence which converges to p and a subsequence which diverges to infinity. For the sake of completeness, we will also present the results (which were previously known) with alternative proofs for the case p = 1 and the case p > 1.     

On the Diophantine equation x 2 − kxy + y 2 − 2 n = 0

In this study, we determine when the Diophantine equation x ²?kxy+y ²?2 ⁿ = 0 has an infinite number of positive integer solutions x and y for 0 ? n ? 10. Moreover, we give all positive integer solutions of the same equation for 0 ? n ? 10 in terms of generalized Fibonacci sequence. Lastly, we formulate a conjecture related to the Diophantine equation x ² ? kxy + y ² ? 2 ⁿ = 0.     

浅谈公式x~2 (a b)x ab=(x a)(x b)

浅谈公式ｘ２＋（ａ＋ｂ）ｘ＋ａｂ＝（ｘ＋ａ）（ｘ＋ｂ）遂宁安居镇中学何旭东十字相乘法是因式分解的一种方法，其灵活性大，难度高。现行义务教材用它分解二次项系数为１和二次项系数不为１的二次三项式，但未提及双十字相乘法。现在我们用公式：ｘ２＋（ａ＋ｂ）ｘ＝...     

系统x=-y d·x x~2 d·xy-(a 1)y~2-a·y~3 y=x·(1 ax y)(0≤a≤1)的极限环讨论

本文讨论了系统x=-y dx x~2 dxy-(a 1)y~2-ay~3(1)y=x(1 ax y)(0≤a≤1)的极根环,证明了: 1)ad≤0时,(1)在全平面上无极限环。 2)ad≥3时,(1)不存在围绕原点的极限环。 3)3>ad>0,|d|1时,(1)存在包围原点的极限环。 4)3>ad>0时,(1)至多有一个围绕原点的极限环。 本文包含了文[1]的全部结论。     

方程a2(x)(t-τ)+a1(x)(t-τ)+a0x(t-τ)+b2(x)(t)+b1(x)(t)+b0x(t)=δ的部分解讨论

讨论了方程a2(x)(t-τ)+a1(x)(t-τ)+a0x(t-τ)+b2(x)(t)+b1(x)(t)+b0x(t)=δ的部分解.     

y=f(x+1)与y=f~(-1)(x+1)互为反函数吗?

从图象上看　ｙ =ｆ(ｘ + 1)与 ｙ =ｆ- 1(ｘ + 1)的图象是分别将 ｙ =ｆ(ｘ)与 ｙ =ｆ- 1(ｘ)的图象向左平移一个单位所得 ,因 ｙ =ｆ(ｘ)与 ｙ =ｆ- 1(ｘ)图象关于 ｙ =ｘ对称 ,将 ｙ =ｘ向左平移一个单位得 ｙ =ｘ + 1,所以函数 ｙ =ｆ(ｘ + 1)与 ｙ =ｆ- 1(ｘ + 1)的图象关于 ｙ =ｘ + 1对称 ,因而 ｙ =ｆ(ｘ + 1)与 ｙ =ｆ- 1(ｘ + 1)不一定互为反函数 .从求反函数过程看　由 ｙ =ｆ(ｘ + 1)有ｘ + 1=ｆ- 1(ｙ)即ｘ =ｆ- 1(ｙ) - 1,互换ｘ ,ｙ ,有 ｙ =ｆ- 1(ｘ)- 1,所以 ｙ =ｆ(ｘ + 1)的反函数为 ｙ =ｆ- 1(ｘ) - 1.记号 ｙ =ｆ- 1(…     

介绍求和公式sum from k=1 to n K~2=n(n 1)(2n 1)/6的建立方法

自然数的平方组成级数 1~1 2~2 3~2 …… n~2 ……它的前n项和是     

关于不定方程y(y+1)(y+2)(y+3)=4n~2x(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)

设1n∈N*,运用Pell方程的一些结果以及代数数论和p-adic分析方法证明了不定方程y(y+1)(y+2)(y+3)=4n~2x(x+1)(+2)(x+3)(x,y∈N*)除开n=1189时仅有一组解(x,y)=(33,1680)外,无其他解.     

Regularity and explicit representation of (0,1,...,m−2,m) interpolation on the zeros of (1−x 2)P n −2/(α,β) (x)

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the regularity andq-regularity of (0,1,...,m–2,m) interpolation on the zeros of (1–x ²)P _n ^–2/(,) (x) (,>–1) in a manageable form are established, whereP _n ^–2/(,) (x) stands for the (n–2)th Jacobi polynomial. Meanwhile, the explicit representation of the fundamental polynomials, when they exist, is given. Moreover, we show that under a mild assumption if the problem of (0,1,...,m–2,m) interpolation has an infinity of solutions then the general form of the solutions isf ₀(x)+C f(x) with an arbitrary constantC.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.