气固两相混合层流场双向耦合的数值研究

采用双向耦合模型对有涡配对的二维气固两相混合展数值模拟,在考虑颗粒对流场反作用基础上进一步对颗粒间通过流体的相互作用进行分析。流场用拟谱方法求解,颗粒用颗粒轨道模型跟踪。结果发现,流场中大涡卷起和配对仍居主导地位;颗粒Ｓｔ数为Ｏ（０．１）～Ｏ（１）时,颗粒减弱了流场雷诺应力强度,加快涡量扩散; Ｓｔ数为Ｏ（１）时,颗粒分布极不均匀,主要集中在渴的边缘．     

三维气固两相混合层湍流拟序结构的直接数值模拟

本文对三维气固两相混合层湍流拟序结构进行了直接数值模拟。气相流场应用拟谱方法对Ｎ－Ｓ方程组进行直接求解,通过模拟时间模式的混合层流动,分析流场失稳后涡的卷起、配对、合并及撕裂过程,研究三维混合层湍流拟序结构的演变特征;计算颗粒场时,采用Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ方法,针对颗粒不同的Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ数,模拟了颗粒场的瞬态分布,并分析流场三维大涡结构对颗粒分布的影响。     

高浓度悬浮固粒对运动射流稳定性影响的研究

用连续介质耦合模型推导出含高浓度悬浮固粒运动射流的空间稳定性方程，然后用渐进分析法和有限差分得到不同流向位置、喷射装置运动速度和固粒属性时流场的稳定性特征曲线。说明流向位置、喷射装置运动速度和固粒属性对流场稳定性的影响。本文结论对于工程应用有指导意义。     

三维射流中颗粒与流体的双向耦合作用

采用基于欧拉一拉格朗日的双向耦合模型对三维气固两相平面射流中颗粒与流体的双向耦合作用进行了直接数值模拟.在考虑颗粒相的反作用后,气相运动采用直接耦合求解,计算颗粒场时,选取Stokes数为0.1的较小颗粒,采用Lagrangian方法跟踪其运动.重点考察了颗粒相与流体相之间的相互作用,分析了不同固相载率的颗粒对流场特性以及对自身扩散的影响.模拟结果表明由于颗粒的影响,在射流入口处流场最初生成的两个大涡沿横向被拉伸,而在射流下游区域,涡结构则沿流向被拉伸;在射流的下游,颗粒降低了流场中心区域的流向平均速度,削弱了流场中心区域的湍流强度.此外,跟单向耦合相比,双向耦合情况下的颗粒分布更加均匀,并且均匀程度随固相载率的增加而增大.     

气固两相平面混合层的直接数值模拟

本文采用直接数值模拟(DNS)方法研究了气固两相混合层的涡量场和颗粒扩散,分析了湍流混合层中涡结构的卷起和配对过程,并讨论了大尺度涡结构的配对过程对平均速度、雷诺应力的影响。同时分析了混合层中不同Stokes数的颗粒在涡结构的作用下的混合和扩散。结果显示Stokes数为1的颗粒主要分布在流场大尺度涡结构的外边界,而Stokes数为0.01在涡结构的作用下,在流场中充分混合。     

底部加热的低Prandtl数流体自然对流换热的分岔

本文用具有QUICK方案的SIMPLE算法对底部加热的低Prandtl数流体自然对流换热进行了数值计算,研究了这种流动与换热问题数值解的分岔问题。计算发现,在2200相似文献   

城垛形喷口两相圆湍射流拟序结构的流动显示研究

用流动显示的方法对城垛形喷口气固两相圆湍射流中的拟序结构进行了研究。实验中采用直径为150 μm和350μm的玻璃微珠示踪固相,固相的气载比大约在1.0左右。喷口流动雷诺数为5000,斯德鲁哈尔数为0.50。实验结果表明:城垛形喷口能够影响两相圆湍射流中大涡结构的产生和演化。无动态激励时,城垛形喷口能促进大涡结构的产生和演化。有动态激励时,该喷口对射流中拟序结构的影响与流场中的颗粒大小有关。因此,城垛形喷口是控制两相圆湍射流拟序结构的一个有效途径。     

考虑双向耦合效应的格子Boltzmann气固两相湍流模型

在流体粒子概率密度函数输运方程中考虑颗粒对流体的反作用力,发展了考虑双向耦合效应的LB气固两相流模型,引入Smagorinsky亚格子模型模拟高雷诺数气相流场.对经典后台阶气固两相流动进行模拟,气相和颗粒相速度分布与实验结果进行比较,发现考虑双向耦合效应的LB气固两相流模型结果明显优于单向耦合结果.进一步研究不同惯性颗粒在流场中的弥散特性,小颗粒(St~O(0.1))对流体的跟随性较好,在流场中分布较为均匀;而St~O(1)的颗粒难被流场涡卷吸进入涡内,呈现倾向性弥散现象;大颗粒(St~O(10))由于自身惯性进入流场涡,在流场中分布较为均匀.     

气固两相圆柱绕流的直接数值模拟

本文运用谱元方法对气固两相圆柱绕流进行了直接数值模拟。在获得高精度计算流场信息基础上,进行颗粒扩散运动的研究。通过研究颗粒大小对颗粒扩散运动的影响来刻画气固两相圆柱绕流的物理特征。研究时发现,由于圆柱尾流独特的涡结构特征,颗粒在流场中心轴线附近区域的扩散机理主要是决定于吸力作用,该作用会驱使小颗粒卷吸进入圆柱尾部近壁区,甚至与圆柱后壁发生碰撞,这种扩散机理与混合层中颗粒扩散机理明显不同。     

涡发生器对高超声速轴对称进气道外部流动的影响

采用三维CFD黏性模拟考察涡发生器对高超声速轴对称进气道外部流动的影响.针对前缘钝化半径0.8 mm和3.2 mm的轴对称进气道外部流场,以涡发生器高度与当地位移边界层厚度比值为影响参数,考察流场结构与性能参数的影响规律.结果表明,涡发生器产生的干扰波系使得前缘激波向外偏移,下游近壁面流动与主流区出现明显的交换,下游流动出现明显的展向非均匀性.涡发生器对流动的影响沿流向逐渐减弱.在气流压缩性能方面,涡发生器下游压比、动压比沿流向开始增大,随后逐渐恢复到无涡发生器工况;Mach数、总压恢复系数开始降低,随后逐渐向无涡发生器工况趋近.涡发生器高度与当地位移边界层厚度的比值h可作为衡量其影响的重要参数.当h≤1.5时,进气道流场结构、性能参数的变化几乎可忽略,h≤3.0时进气道入口处性能参数几乎能够恢复到无涡发生器工况.      

Flow visualization and laser measurement on particle modulation to gas-phase turbulence

Particle modulation to turbulence is investigated experimentally by means of PDPA, PIV and flow visualization for a gas-particle two-phase jet flow. Large particles can enhance the small-scale vortex, so that gas-phase turbulence intensity is increased, while small particles may delay the rolling up of the gas vortex, so that gas-phase turbulence intensity is attenuated. The critical particle size range for such different effects is between 150 σm and 200 σm, corresponding to the Stokes number is between 88 and 157 under the present flow conditions. The PIV results show small particles can retain the gas-phase vortex structure, while large particles can break large vortex structure. The particle Stokes number is not the only judgment standard whether particles enhance or attenuate gas-phase turbulence. The CTI (Change of Turbulence Intensity) number can mark off particle modulation on turbulence in two-phase flow, but more studies are needed.     

高速流动PIV示踪粒子跟随性分析

通过理论推导提出了一种评价高速流动PIV示踪粒子随流能力的松弛特性分析模型,在法向Mach数大于1.4时具有良好的适用性.将新模型应用于试验测量,发展了高速流动PIV系统和示踪粒子布撒技术,验证了高速流动PIV的定量化测量能力.针对空间发展的二维超声速气固两相混合层,数值模拟了不同Stokes数和对流Mach数（M_c）下的粒子跟随性以及弥散和迁徙运动,结果表明:相同对流Mach数,粒径越小的示踪粒子跟随性越好,Stokes数在[1, 10]范围内的粒子有最大扩散距离.示踪粒子的直径大小决定其在超声速混合层大涡拟序结构中的分布特征,且粒径越小,气体与粒子的掺混越剧烈.相同粒径的粒子,对流Mach数越大跟随性越差.      

两相混合层中颗粒运动的数值模拟

本文采用离散涡方法对平板混合层流动进行了数值模拟,得到了与实验完全定量符合的速度场。再用单向耦合方法模拟了混合层流场中颗粒的运动。分析了混合层流动中大尺度涡结构及Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ数对颗粒扩散的影响。与前人工作中所采用的每个时间步一个颗粒在固定的位置进入计算域的方法不同,本文中每个时间步有多个颗粒在入口处以随机的横向位置进入计算域。因此,在不需增加太多计算量的基础上,计算域中可以包含足够多的颗粒以获得较精确的统计结果。采用本文方法得到的颗粒速度场与实验结果定量符合得很好。     

The effects of flow structure and particle mass loading on particle dispersion in particle-laden swirling jets

A direct numerical simulation of particle dispersion in particle-laden swirling jets issued into a rectangular container through a round nozzle is carried out. The swirl number is S=1.42 when the bubble vortex breakdown takes place. Two cases are simulated for comparison, i.e. five types of particles with Stokes numbers St=0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 respectively under the same flow rate, and four types of particles with St=0.5, 1, 5 and 10 respectively under the same mass loading. After simulation, it is found that the rectangular flow domain induces an important modification to the flow structure. It influences the dispersion characteristics in the peripheral cross area, forming a centrosymmetric dispersion of particles in the cross-sectional area. A quantitative analysis of the non-uniform particle dispersion is carried out. Moreover, the effect of mass loading on particle dispersion is explored and explained. It indicates the correlation between the inter-phase moment coupling and particle mass loading via the change of probability density function of the inter-phase velocity difference. Heavy mass loading causes an insufficient inter-phase momentum transport and the worse dispersion of large particles than that of small mass loading.     

驻波声场中圆柱形管道周围颗粒的运动特性

针对圆柱形管道外部的流体与颗粒介质运动问题,提出了结合圆柱周围声辐射力和声流Stokes力的研究方法。从柱体外部声流方程出发,得到影响涡流结构的无量纲参数Rem≥325.27时,外涡最大流速大于内涡最大流速。在此基础上,采用Nyborg的边界滑移速度理论,获得管道外部声流的极限滑移速度,推导得出圆柱附近的声辐射力公式。基于此公式,在理论上推导出颗粒速度为0、声辐射力和声流Stokes力平衡时,颗粒临界直径的表达式。通过对圆柱位于不同位置时,圆柱外部的颗粒运动进行仿真模拟,得到与理论公式相一致的结论:颗粒的临界直径的大小与声波频率有关,当颗粒直径小于临界直径时,声流Stokes力为主导,颗粒随声流运动,颗粒直径大于等于临界直径时,声辐射力为主导,颗粒在声辐射力作用下逐渐向声辐射力的节点聚集。理论与仿真结果表明该方法可用于分析管道外颗粒的分布状态,其研究结果有助于解决电站中换热器的管道结垢、热交换率降低等问题。     

Dust trapping in vortex pairs

The motion of tiny heavy particles transported in a co-rotating point vortex pair, with or without particle inertia and sedimentation, is investigated. The dynamics of non-inertial sedimenting particles is shown to be chaotic, under the combined effects of gravity and of the circular displacement of the vortices. This phenomenon is very sensitive to the particles’ inertia, if any. By using a nearly hamiltonian dynamical system theory for the particles’ motion equation written in the rotating reference frame, one can show that small inertia terms of the particles’ motion equation strongly modify the Melnikov function of the homoclinic trajectories and heteroclinic cycles of the unperturbed system, as soon as the particles’ response time is of the order of the settling time (Froude number of order unity). The critical Froude number above which chaotic motion vanishes and a regular centrifugation takes place is obtained from this Melnikov analysis and compared to numerical simulations. Particles with a finite inertia, and in the absence of gravity, are not necessarily centrifuged away from the vortex system. Indeed, these particles can have various equilibrium positions in the rotating reference frame, like the Lagrange points of celestial mechanics, according to whether their Stokes number is smaller or larger than some critical value. An analytical stability analysis reveals that two of these points are stable attracting points, so that permanent trapping can occur for inertial particles injected in an isolated co-rotating vortex pair. Particle trapping is observed to persist when viscosity, and therefore vortex coalescence, is taken into account. Numerical experiments at large but finite Reynolds number show that particles can indeed be trapped temporarily during vortex roll-up, and are eventually centrifuged away once vortex coalescence occurs.     

高雷诺数气固湍流射流的直接数值模拟

本文对流动雷诺数 Re=5990的空间发展的气固两相湍流射流进行了直接数值模拟。其中对流场的求解采用具有四阶精度的紧致差分格式,对颗粒场的跟踪采用拉格朗日方法。结果表明,湍流拟序结构逐渐由对称模式发展到非对称模式;较小 Stokes 数的颗粒在流场中均匀分布,较大 Stokes 数的颗粒沿横向没有明显的扩散,而 Stokes 数为 1的量级的颗粒则大量聚集在大涡结构的外围。     

Particle subgrid scale modelling in large-eddy simulations of particle-laden turbulence

This study is concerned with particle subgrid scale (SGS) modelling in large-eddy simulations (LESs) of particle-laden turbulence. Although many particle-laden LES studies have neglected the effect of the SGS on the particles, several particle SGS models have been proposed in the literature. In this research, the approximate deconvolution method (ADM) and the stochastic models of Fukagata et al. (Dynamics of Brownian particles in a turbulent channel flow, Heat Mass Transf. 40 (2004), 715–726) Shotorban and Mashayek (A stochastic model for particle motion in large-eddy simulation, J. Turbul. 7 (2006), 1–13) and Berrouk et al. (Stochastic modelling of inertial particle dispersion by subgrid motion for LES of high Reynolds number pipe flow, J. Turbul. 8 (2007), pp. 1–20) are analysed. The particle SGS models are assessed using both a priori and a posteriori simulations of inertial particles in a periodic box of decaying, homogeneous and isotropic turbulence with an initial Reynolds number of Re_λ = 74. The model results are compared with particle statistics from a direct numerical simulation (DNS). Particles with a large range of Stokes numbers are tested using various filter sizes and stochastic model constant values. Simulations with and without gravity are performed to evaluate the ability of the models to account for the crossing trajectory and continuity effects. The results show that ADM improves results but is only capable of recovering a portion of the SGS turbulent kinetic energy. Conversely, the stochastic models are able to recover sufficient SGS energy, but show a large range of results dependent on the Stokes number and filter size. The stochastic models generally perform best at small Stokes numbers, but are unable to predict preferential concentration.