不同浓度罗哌卡因联合芬太尼行硬膜外分娩镇痛的量效观察

目的探讨罗哌卡因联合芬太尼行硬膜外分娩镇痛的最佳有效浓度。方法选择120例初产妇接受L2-3硬膜外穿刺置管拟行分娩镇痛．按随机数字表法分为0．15％罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼（F1组）、0．12％罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼（F2组）、0．10％罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼（F3组）及0．08％罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼（F4组）。监测镇痛过程中阻滞平面和运动阻滞发生情况、VAS、缩富素使用增加例数等。结果F1、F2组运动神经阻滞发生的例数多于F3、F4组（P〈0．05）。F1组缩宫素使用增加例数多于其它3组（P〈0．05）。不同罗哌卡因浓度比较,F4组起效时间最长,明显长于F1、F2、F3组（P〈0．05）。F4组给药后30、60、90min时的VAS明显高于F1、F2、F3组,停药时的VAS明显高于F1组（P〈0．05）。F4组镇痛后30min内第3次宫缩开始每次宫缩对应的VAS明显高于F1、F2、F3组（P〈0．05）。结论罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼用于分娩镇痛时,010％是最佳有效浓度,镇痛效果好,运动阻滞轻,安全性高。     

罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术蛛网膜下腔阻滞注药速度的研究

目的 探讨罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术蛛网膜下腔阻滞的合理注药速度。方法 选择行剖宫产术产妇90 例,按蛛网膜 下腔阻滞时罗哌卡因注药时间采用随机数字表法分为30s 组、60s 组、90s 组,每组各30例。观察并记录麻醉前（T0）、麻醉后1min（T1）、5min（T2）、10min（T3）、20min（T4）收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）变化,术中恶心、呕吐、胸闷、麻黄碱、阿托品使用例数,麻醉最高平面情况。结果 与60s 组、90s 组相比,30s 组SBP、DBP、HR 下降更为显著,发生恶心、呕吐、胸闷等不良反应及使用麻黄碱例数显著增多（P＜0.05）。30s 组、60s 组、90s 组产妇麻醉平面达T6以上分别为29 例、29 例、28例,均能满足手术要求,最高阻 滞平面达T4、T2的例数30s 组显著多于60s 组、90s 组（P＜0.05）。结论 常规剂量罗哌卡因用于蛛网膜下腔阻滞下剖宫产术,其注药时间宜控制在60～90s,同样能满足手术需要,且可减少不良反应的发生,而不是传统方法的15～30s。     

Colony and evolutionary dynamics of a two‐stage model with brood cannibalism and division of labor in social insects

Division of labor (DOL) is a major factor for the great success of social insects because it increases the efficiency of a social group where different individuals perform different tasks repeatedly and presumably with increased performance. Cannibalism plays an important role in regulating colony growth and development by regulating the number of individuals in a colony and increasing survival by providing access to essential nutrients and minimizing competition among colony mates. To understand the synergy effects of DOL and cannibalistic behavior on colony dynamic outcomes, we propose and study a compartmental two‐stage model using ecological and evolutionary game theory settings. Our analytical results of the ecological and evolutionary models suggest that: (1) A noncannibalistic colony can survive if the efficiency of energy investment reflecting the DOL is greater than the relative death rate of the older population. (2) A cannibalistic colony can die out if both the efficiency of energy investment and the relative cannibalism rate (where each is also reflecting the DOL) are too large; or if the relative cannibalism rate alone is too small. (3) From our numerical analysis, cannibalism can increase or reduce the colony's total population size, which greatly depends on the benefit of egg cannibalism increasing or decreasing of adult's lifespan. (4) A cannibalistic and noncannibalistic colony can experience bistability due to cooperative behavior. (5) In the evolutionary settings, DOL can prevent colony death and natural selection can preserve strong Allee effects by selecting the traits with the largest investment on brood care and the lowest cannibalism rate. (6) Evolutionary dynamics may increase the fitness of the colony, i.e., the successful production of workforce which results in the increase of total worker population size, colony survival, and reproduction. Our results suggest both cannibalism and DOLs are adaptive strategies that increase the size of the worker population, and therefore, persistence of the colony.     

两种不同麻醉和镇痛方法对糖耐量减低的老年高血压患者全膝置换术后糖代谢的影响

目的两种不同麻醉和镇痛方法对糖耐量减低的老年患者全膝置换术后糖代谢的影响。方法60例择期行全膝置换术的糖耐量减低患者随机分成腰硬联合麻醉联合术后硬膜外镇痛组（腰硬组）和全身麻醉联合术后静脉镇痛组（全麻组）各30例,分别测定入手术室后,术后30min、1、3、7d的空腹血糖和胰岛素浓度;术后10d空腹和口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）2h的血糖和胰岛素浓度,并计算相应胰岛素抵抗指数,以视觉模糊疼痛评分（VAS）评估术后1h、1、3、7d的疼痛评分,并记录围手术期相关不良事件发生率。结果腰硬组术后30min、1、3d的空腹血糖相比全麻组明显较低（均P＜0.05）;腰硬组在术后30min、1、3、7d的胰岛素浓度和胰岛素抵抗指数相比全麻组明显较低（均P＜0.05）。腰硬组在术后1d和3d的中餐后2h血糖浓度相比全麻组明显较低（均P＜0.05）。全麻组术后10d空腹、OGTT2h的胰岛素浓度和胰岛素抵抗指数相比术前均明显升高（均P＜0.05）,且相比腰硬组明显更高（均P＜0.05）。术后1h和术后1d腰硬组VAS评分明显小于全麻组（均P＜0.05）。结论腰硬联合麻醉和硬膜外镇痛能减轻糖耐量减低的老年高血压患者的全膝置换术后糖代谢紊乱。     

Effect of the stiffness of the elastic core on the buckling mode and the critical load for glass-reinforced plastic cylindrical shells in axial compression

The effect of the stiffness of the core, treated as a three-dimensional elastic body, on the buckling mode and the critical load is investigated for orthotropic cylindrical shells in axial compression. Parametric equations that permit the easy determination of the critical loads are obtained together with an expression for the stiffness parameter at which the buckling mode changes. The effect on the critical load of a central opening in the core is considered.Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 5, pp. 931–939, September–October, 1971.