弹—塑性正交梁系轴向冲击屈曲与塑性失效的实验研究

本文对弹——塑性正交梁系(以下简称梁系)的流——固冲击屈曲和冲击塑性失效问题进行了实验研究.研究表明:在轴向流——固冲击作用下,梁系呈现出三种不同的动力临界状态:屈曲、塑性变形和塑性失效.本文通过对梁系临界状态时的动力响应特征的分析,分别建立了板架的临界动力屈曲准则,临界塑性准则和临界动力塑性失效准则,这些准则完整地定义了梁系在轴向流——固冲击作用下的弹——塑性动力特征,初步揭示了这一类非保守冲击屈曲和冲击失效现象的一些重要特性.     

圆柱壳在侧向非对称冲击载荷下的塑性动力屈曲

采用塑性动力屈曲能量准则，对圆柱壳非均匀局部径向冲击下的塑性动力屈曲进行了研究。文中分别采用弹性的角弹簧和位移弹簧模拟非屈曲部分对屈曲部分的影响，推导了有关模态和临界速度的冲击公式，并与有关的实验结果进行了比较，分析了两种边界对塑性动力屈曲的影响。     

网架结构在山体滑坡冲击下的垮塌模拟分析

针对某网架受到山体滑坡作用导致局部垮塌的实际案例,基于Hamilton原理,运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析软件,建立起网架结构和山体滑坡冲击荷载模型,充分考虑了冲击荷载的动力效应和接触碰撞理论,定义了结构失效的限值和失效模式。通过改变山体滑坡冲击荷载的质量与速度,分析了结构失效部位的能量变化、速度和位移演变、等效应力和塑性应变的开展。结果表明:在冲击荷载下网架杆件所能承受的瞬时应力可以远大于在静力荷载下杆件的屈服应力,网架在被冲击区域绝大部分杆件进入塑性,非冲击区进入塑性的杆件多发生于横向的上弦杆和下弦杆;通过对塑性杆件的加固处理,有效增强了结构的抗倒塌能力。     

高导无氧铜的临界冲击拉伸速度

基于气炮系统,提出了一种新的临界冲击拉伸速度实验方法。实验装置主要由2部分组成:气体炮系统驱动弹丸和弹丸击靶牵引多根拉伸杆试件。采用该实验方法对高导无氧铜进行了临界冲击拉伸速度实验。对于一维应力的临界冲击拉伸速度实验,探讨了一种完全热耦合的在颈缩区域计及塑性约束系数以及空穴增长与聚集效应的数值模拟方法。高导无氧铜的临界冲击拉伸速度实验的数值模拟结果表明,采用Zerilli-Armstrong本构关系预估的实验临界冲击拉伸速度比采用Johnson-Cook本构关系预估的更符合实验。     

关于冲击载荷下圆柱壳塑性屈曲的两个问题

本文按文献[1]中提出的能量原理,讨论了两个冲击载荷下圆柱壳的塑性屈曲问题,得到了相应的临界冲击速度的计算公式。1.径向冲击下圆柱壳的临界速度问题径向冲击下圆柱壳的塑性屈曲早在文献[2]中就已研究过。但和别的类似问题一样,已有工作主要限于屈曲模态的计算,而对究竟多大的冲击速度下可能发生塑性屈曲的问题,即所谓临界速度问题,并未进行过理论上的分析。其原因我们在[1]中已经指出,即经典的临界速度定义已不适用于此类问题,问题的提法需要重新考虑。     

基于应力三轴度和罗德参数的6061和7075铝合金材料断裂失效分析

分别对6061铝合金和7075铝合金材料的缺口圆棒试件和凹槽平板试件进行准静态拉伸试验,并采用ABAQUS软件对拉伸过程进行数值模拟。模拟结果与试验测试结果吻合很好,验证了有限元模型的合理性和可靠性。通过有限元模拟,分别给出了不同试件的应力三轴度和罗德参数随等效塑性应变的变化曲线以及两种材料的失效轨迹,并对它们进行了分析讨论。结果表明:形状相同、材料性质不同的试件,应力三轴度的演化规律不同;材料的失效应变受应力三轴度和罗德参数的影响,并且不同性质的材料对罗德参数的敏感性不同。     

基于夏比冲击试验的材料失效模型参数

结合夏比冲击试验和ABAQUS显式动力数值模拟,对Q370d钢进行了Johnson-Cook失效模型参数研究。首先,在不考虑材料失效的情况下,通过3种不同厚度的无缺口试件冲击实验对有限元模型参数设置和材料本构模型的准确性进行了验证,同时还讨论了试件断裂区网格的合适尺寸;在此基础上,基于正交设计,通过大量的有限元数值模拟得到失效模型参数样本,利用回归分析求得冲击功与失效模型参数的回归方程组;最后结合夏比V型缺口冲击试验,求解Q370d钢的失效模型参数,并对断裂截面的力学特性进行了分析,可为工程应用提供参考。     

复杂载荷作用下圆柱壳的弹塑性动力屈曲研究

对复杂载荷作用下圆柱壳的弹塑性动力屈曲问题进行了研究。基于Hamilton变分原理导出圆柱壳的运动方程 ,本构关系采用增量理论 ,借助增量数值算法求解动力方程组。结果表明 ,均匀径向外压对圆柱壳的轴向冲击的过程或冲击性态有较大的影响 ,并讨论了径向压力与轴向冲击载荷的幅值对结构临界动力屈曲载荷和临界动力失效载荷的影响。     

非均匀径向冲击下圆柱壳塑性动屈曲

本文采用王仁等提出的塑性动力屈曲的能量准则讨论了圆柱壳在不均匀外部径向冲击下的塑性动力屈曲问题,获得了屈曲的占优波数公式及临界冲击速度公式,初步的实验证明本文的结论是合理的.同时进一步证实该能量准则的有效性.     

面内阶跃载荷下矩形薄板的塑性动力屈曲

对于面内阶跃载荷作用下矩形薄板的塑性动力屈曲问题,将临界应力和屈曲惯性项指数参数作为双特征参数求解。由相邻平衡准则导出失稳控制方程,由动力屈曲发生瞬间的能量转换和守恒准则,导出波阵面上的屈曲变形补充约束条件。失稳控制方程、边界条件、塑性波阵面上的连续条件和补充约束条件构成了定量求解两个特征参数和动力屈曲模态的完备条件。研究了矩形薄板塑性动力屈曲过程中板的厚宽比、冲击载荷大小、屈曲模态和临界屈曲长度之间的关系。     

Dynamic buckling and plastic collapse of rectangular strips under axial slamming impact

The dynamic buckling and plastic collapse of elastic-plastic rectangular strips under axial slamming impact are investigated experimentally. The dynamic response of the specimens is measured by several back-to-back paris of strain gages located at different positions. According to the experimental records, the compressive and bending motions of the rectangular strips are analyzed. The strips exhibit three different critical dynamic conditions: buckling, plastic incipience and plastic collapse. Based on the response characters, three criteria are proposed which completely define the elastic-plastic dynamic behavior of rectangular strips under axial slamming impact with loading durations ranging from 14 to 18 milliseconds. These conditions are estimated by introducing three critical axial compressive strains. Moreover, the effect of geometric imperfection on the dynamic behavior of the strips is discussed.     

刚性尖头弹垂直撞击金属厚靶板极限速度分析

研究了刚性尖头弹垂直撞击金属厚靶板扩孔冲塞型和延性扩孔型穿孔模式,提出分析最小穿透能量的两阶段工程模型．应用功能原理和圆柱形空腔膨胀理论得到第一阶段侵彻扩孔耗能．考虑靶板背面自由边界的影响,应用Taylor扩孔理论计算延性扩孔型穿孔第二阶段耗能;考虑加速塞块和剪断塞块所损耗的能量,由动量和能量原理导出扩孔冲塞型穿孔第二阶段剪切冲塞耗能．由两阶段总的耗能最小确定第一阶段的侵彻深度,从而得到最小穿透能量的解析解．与铝合金和装甲钢靶板弹道试验数据比较表明,该文两阶段模型的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Dynamic and buckling analysis of a thin elastic-plastic square plate in a uniform temperature field

The nonlinear models of the elastic and elasticlinear strain-hardening square plates with four immovably simply-supported edges are established by employing Hamilton‘s Variational Principle in a uniform temperature field. The unilateral equilibrium equations satisfied by the plastically buckled equilibria are also established. Dynamics and stability of the elastic and plastic plates are investigated analytically and the buckled equilibria are investigated by employing Galerkin-Ritz‘s method. The vibration frequencies, the first critical temperature differences of instability or buckling, the elastically buckled equilibria and the extremes depending on the final loading temperature difference of the plastically buckled equillibria of the plate are obtained. The results indicate that the critical buckling value of the plastic plate is lower than its critical instability value and the critical value of its buckled equilibria turning back to the trivial equilibrium are higher than the value. However, three critical values of the elastic plate are equal. The unidirectional snap-through may occur both at the stress-strain boundary of elasticity and plasticity and at the initial stage of unloading of the plastic plate.     

爆炸载荷作用下加筋板的失效模式分析及结构优化设计

通过对爆炸载荷下具有1根加强筋的固支矩形加筋板的有限元模拟，探讨了抗爆加筋板结构优化设计方法，分析了加筋板的失效模式以及加强筋相对刚度和冲击载荷强度对加筋板失效模式的影响，指出了失效模式Ⅰ下的3种变形模态以及失效模式Ⅱ下的2种子失效模式，得到了失效模式Ⅰ下加强筋和加筋板最大挠度的近似计算公式，提出了单根加筋板的两种失效模式的判别条件，并对具有1根加强筋的固支矩形加筋板抗爆结构进行了优化设计。结果表明，通过数值模拟或模型实验可以求得任意加筋板结构由发生塑性大变形到发生破损的临界条件，从而确定抗爆性能最强时加筋板的质量与加强筋横截面尺寸及间距间的关系，实现对抗爆加筋板结构的优化设计。     

ANALYSIS ON THE MAGNETO-ELASTIC-PLASTIC BUCKLING/SNAPPING OF CANTILEVER RECTANGULAR FERROMAGNETIC PLATES

An analysis of buckling/snapping and bending behaviors of magneto-elastic-plastic interaction and coupling for cantilever rectangular soft ferromagnetic plates is presented.Based on the expression of magnetic force from the variational principle of ferromagnetic plates,the buckling and bending theory of thin plates,the Mises yield criterion and the increment theory for plastic deformation,we establish a numerical code to quantitatively simulate the behaviors of the nonlinearly multi-fields coupling problems by the finite element method.Along with the phenom- ena of buckling/snapping and bending,or the characteristic curve of deflection versus magnitude of applied magnetic fields being numerically displayed,the critical loads of buckling/snapping, and the influences of plastic deformation and the width of plate on these critical loads,the plastic regions expanding with the magnitude of applied magnetic field,as well as the evolvement of deflection configuration of the plate are numerically obtained in a case study.     

Plastic constraint considerations at the prediction of wide plate failure behaviour from small scale testing, like c.o.d. determinations in s.e.n.b.-specimens

The stress intensity factor, crack opening displacement, J-integral, etc. will depend, besides on load, reduced (physical) cracklength and dimensions also on the plastic constraint situation near the crack tip. Assumedly their critical values are also dependent on this, which can imply an appreciable quantitative consequence for uniaxial gross stresses larger than (2/3) Y, as elaborated. This might interfere when trying to predict large sale behaviour of notched plates from small scale behaviour of specimens with the same thickness, as this presumbly does not guarantee equal plastic constraint. An average plastic constraint factor (p.c.f.) estimate for contained plastic flow can be indicated from simultaneous readings of s.i.f. or c.o.d. and gross stress during loading and its decrease followed. This allows to predict the failure conditions at the end of the experiment, provided the dependence of critical c.o.d. on this p.c.f. was previously determined. For arbitrary notched specimens a priori predictions of failure from the known critical c.o.d./p.c.f.-curve can be envisaged, using analytical and numerical evaluations of p.c.f. development at loading. The transition temperature concept is discussed with respect to the p.c.f. The failure prognosis for wide plate testing from small scale testing is reconsidered for deformation controlled loading: for contained plastic flow an alternative for the design-curve is suggested, using the deformation of the gauge length of the specimen defined as the distance between the localisations of load application. Finally the allowable deformation of plates, indicated for the required load in absence of a defect, is analysed for plates with a defect present.     

Identification of pulse shapes during transverse impact on composite beams and plates

A test facility for transverse shock loading of beams and plates at small impact velocities (up to 40 km/sec) is described. The impact contact force and unsteady strains are determined for a transverse impact on fiber-layered beams and plates from fiberglass and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic. Pulse shapes are determined for various impact velocities in the range of 5–40 m/sec. The shock loading and unsteady strain of composite beams and plates are calculated by the finite element method. The finite elements take into account transverse shears according to the Timoshenko theory and the viscoelastic material behavior according to the Voigt model.     

Buckling and post-buckling analysis for magneto-elastic–plastic ferromagnetic beam-plates with unmovable simple supports

This paper presents an analysis of buckling/snapping, bending and post-buckling/snapping behaviors of magneto-elastic–plastic interaction and coupling for soft ferromagnetic beam-plates with geometrically nonlinear deformation and unmovable simple supports at the ends of the plates. Based on the expression of magnetic force from the variational principle of ferromagnetic plates, the theory of thin plates with the nonlinear deformation of van Karman’s type, and the Mises yield criterion and the increment theory for plastic deformation, here, we establish a numerical code to quantitatively simulate the behaviors of the nonlinearly multi-coupling problems by the finite element method. Along with that the phenomena of buckling, bending, and post-buckling/snapping, or the characteristic curve of deflection versus magnitude of applied magnetic fields are numerically displayed, the critical values of buckling/snapping and yield magnetic fields, and the expansibility of plastic region after the plates undergo plastic deformation with increasing of the applied magnetic fields, as well as the evolvement of deflection configuration of the plate are numerically obtained in a case study.