水力劈裂问题的态型近场动力学建模

将态型近场动力学理论引入水力劈裂问题的模拟。构建了能反映岩土类材料准脆性断裂特征的态型近场动力学本构模型,并在物质点间相互作用力模型中加入等效水压力项,以实现在新生裂纹面上跟踪施加水压力。同时,考虑裂纹面间的接触,引入物质点间的短程排斥力作用,并设计了相应的接触算法。通过自编程序将模型和算法应用于含初始裂纹、不含初始裂纹以及含坝基软弱结构面的混凝土重力坝在高水头作用下的水力劈裂过程模拟,并与扩展有限元等模拟结果对比,验证了本文模型和算法的可行性和准确性。     

岩体水力劈裂的应力-渗流-损伤耦合模型研究

利用无单元法追踪裂纹扩展的优势研究模拟岩体水力劈裂的数值分析模型。定义损伤变量以描述岩体的损伤程度对岩体渗透性和强度的影响,建立了岩体水力劈裂的应力-渗流-损伤耦合分析模型,并编制了基于无单元法的计算程序。综合考虑应力、渗流及损伤之间的相互作用影响,分析了具有初始裂纹的岩体平面应力模型的裂纹扩展过程,指出考虑渗流作用时的裂纹扩展角大于不考虑渗流作用时的裂纹扩展角。同时,裂纹内水压力和渗流的作用对于裂纹的扩展方向和扩展长度具有较大的影响。     

格构细胞机模型在岩石劈裂过程中的数值模拟研究

基于弹塑性损伤理论,结合格构细胞机以及格构模型的优点,提出了格构细胞机模型,用于模拟岩石的劈裂破坏机理并取得了较好的结果.     

裂隙岩体水力特征数值模拟试验的初步结果

本文利用文献中的数据进行数值模拟试验,结果表明：流量等效和渗透作用力变形效果等效互不包容;不同级别结构面体系难以用连续介质方法处理,同级别结构面体系在工程作用力变化范围内,可由其静态水力特征推演动态特征;工程岩体结构面间充分连通的假设过于粗糙,常规试验手段获取的量值倾向于局部特征的反映。     

A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN HOPPER FLOW

The stress distributions of granular flow in a cylindrical hopper with fiat bottom are investigated by means of a combined approach of discrete element method (DEM) and averaging method. The filling and discharge of the hopper flow are first simulated at a particle level by means of a modified DEM. The results are then used to determine the velocity and stress profiles of the hopper flow by means of an averaging method. The analysis is focused on a central section plane of the hopper due to the relatively perfect axial symmetry. The velocity profiles are illustrated to be consistent with those obtained by the previous experiments, confirming the validity of the proposed approach. The distributions of four components of the planar stress tensor at different heights are quantified. It is shown that the vertical normal stress increases with increasing the height near the central axis, the horizontal normal stress varies more slowly at a higher level and is almost constant when the height is equal to or greater than about 12 particle diameter, and the magnitudes of two shear stresses are equal at the central zone of the hopper but not so at the points near the walls. The dependence of stress distributions on the wall mechanical properties such as sliding resistance and rolling resistance is also discussed.     

基于孔隙弹性耦合的水力压裂数值模拟研究

系统地阐述基于多孔介质渗流-损伤耦合原理,进行水力压裂的FEM数值实现方法.基本架构为:(1)引入孔隙流体压力膨胀系数将孔隙流体压力与应力场进行耦合;(2)基于损伤局部化模型,提出裂缝张开度表达式;(3)提出水力压裂引起的多孔介质水-力学属性的各向异性表达式;(4)提出全流量加载的耦合分析方案.作为实例,模拟三维地层水压裂缝扩展形态,通过比较模型的数值解和经典理论解,验证该方法的正确性.     

岩石巴西圆盘动态劈裂的流形元法模拟

利用二阶流形元法,通过引入裂纹产生与扩展判据,对冲击载荷作用下岩石平台巴西圆盘的动态拉伸劈裂过程进行了数值模拟,再现拉伸波作用下圆盘被劈裂的过程。模拟现象与实验结果相符,动态平衡时的应力分布与有限元结果基本一致。从而验证了流形元在模拟冲击载荷作用下材料动态破坏过程的有效性和可行性。     

三角迷宫式侧堰的水力特性研究

迷宫式侧堰具有较大的泄流能力,广泛应用于流量控制、农田灌溉和排水系统.为研究三角迷宫式侧堰的复杂水力特性、泄流规律及泄流影响因素,本研究首先基于FLOW-3D软件和RNG k-ε湍流模型,对侧堰的15种工况进行数值模拟计算,获得侧堰水面流态、流速分布等水力特性.同时,通过白金汉兀定理推出影响迷宫式侧堰流量系数的无量纲参数,探究流量系数Cd与无量纲参数之间的变化规律,利用人工智能遗传规划(Genetic Programming,GP)算法拟合出流量系数计算公式.结果表明:主渠道内水流为缓流,堰顶角θ较小时,二次流使得水面流态变化,流速在靠近侧堰时发生急剧变化,堰内产生回流.随着θ的增大,堰顶上方水舌从对称分布变为偏右侧下泄,堰内回流现象消失;Cd随上游弗劳德数Fr和溢流前沿与堰顶水深之比l/h1的增加而减小,随堰高与堰上水头之比p/h,的增加而增加,θ越大,Cd变化趋势越大;流量系数预测公式在测试阶段的决定系数R2=0.913,均方根误差RMSE=0.045,流量系数预测值与试验值的散点图拟合效果良好,数据点分布均匀且关于拟合线对称,表明GP模型得出的结果较为准确,满足灌区量水精度要求.该研究成果可为迷宫式侧堰在实际工程中的应用提供理论依据和技术支撑.     

脆性材料动态断裂数值模拟

本文借鉴于Perzyna 的基本思想及Seaman 等人的实验结果,提出了一个脆性材料动态断裂模型.利用本文的模型对Cochran 的实验结果进行了数值模拟,其计算结果比Cochran 的计算结果与实验吻合得更好.     

延性材料层裂的数值模拟

本文对Carroll,Holt和Johnson提出的延性材料简化模型进行了改进,在模型中考虑了材料的硬化,用数值方法模拟了高速碰撞中铝板和钢板的层裂过程,其结果与实验吻合较好。     

Mixed Mode Dynamic Fracture in Particulate Reinforced Functionally Graded Materials

A detailed analytical and experimental investigation is presented to understand the dynamic fracture behavior of functionally graded materials (FGMs) under mode I and mixed mode loading conditions. Crack-tip stress, strain and displacement fields for a mixed mode crack propagating at an angle from the direction of property gradation were obtained through an asymptotic analysis coupled with a displacement potential approach. This was followed by a comprehensive series of experiments to gain further insight into the behavior of propagating cracks in FGMs. Dynamic photoelasticity coupled with high-speed photography was used to obtain crack tip velocities and dynamic stress fields around the propagating cracks. Birefringent coatings were used to conduct the photoelastic study due to the opaqueness of the FGMs. Dynamic fracture experiments were performed using different specimen geometries to develop a dynamic constitutive fracture relationship between the mode I dynamic stress intensity factor (K _ID ) and crack-tip velocity ( ) for FGMs with the crack moving in the direction of increasing fracture toughness. A similar -K _ID relation was also obtained for matrix material (polyester) for comparison purposes. The results obtained show that crack propagation velocities in FGMs were about 80% higher than the polyester matrix. Crack arrest toughness was found to be about 10% lower than the value of local fracture toughness in FGMs.     

On Publications on the Brittle Fracture Mechanics of Prestressed Materials

The paper analyzes new publications on the brittle fracture mechanics of prestressed materials. It is found out that new scientific results published in the International Journal of Solids and Structures in 2002 are a particular case of the results obtained at the Institute of Mechanics 20 years ago     

A Network Modeling Approach to Derive Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties of a Rough-Walled Fracture

The hydraulic properties of a rough-walled fracture in a limestone sample are estimated using a network model based on three-dimensional representations of the fracture apertures. Two different scenarios are considered: drainage of water out of a fracture and infiltration of water into a fracture. Besides capillary effects, the model takes into account an accessibility criterion (invasion percolation) and, in the case of infiltration, the rate dependence of the water movement. A hysteresis effect between drainage and imbibition hydraulic properties can be observed, which increases with increasing capillary number. The measured permeability is overestimated by 15% by the network model. In a sensitivity analysis the influence of the main fracture field characteristics (field size and fracture segment size in relation to correlation length) on the calculated hydraulic properties is investigated. Field size has an important influence on the inverse of the water/air entry value for imbibition, making it difficult to scale this parameter to other field sizes. A parameter analysis investigating the influence of the main fracture characteristics (mean fracture aperture, roughness, and correlation length) on the hydraulic properties shows that the mean fracture aperture is the most important fracture parameter influencing both strongly the saturated permeability K and . The effect of varying the variance and the correlation length on K and is much less than the influence of the mean fracture aperture. The effective permeability of the fracture is also calculated by the geometric mean K _g . Up to (log_e(K)) = 1, the discrepancy between K _g and K _n (network model result) is less than 15%. At larger correlation lengths (for a constant (log_e(K))), the discrepancy between K _g and K _n increases.     

Spontaneous Mixed-Mode Fracture in Bonded Similar and Dissimilar Materials

In this paper, we report on an experimental study of spontaneous, mixed-mode, crack propagation in weakly bonded similar and dissimilar materials. A unique experimental configuration is proposed to induce spontaneous crack growth events along the interfaces. The cracks nucleate from tiny circular holes and are triggered by an exploding wire. They subsequently propagate under the action of a constant, far-field load. Dynamic photoelasticity in conjunction with high speed photography is used to capture the real-time isochromatics associated with crack propagation. In the case of identical materials, crack propagation is anti-symmetric with respect to the crack nucleation point while strong asymmetry is observed for the case of dissimilar materials. In both cases, cracks propagate at constant velocity from the initiation point. The time histories of dynamic stress intensity factors and of energy release rates of the propagating cracks along the bonded similar materials are also reported.     

准脆性材料断裂过程区中的圆饼微裂纹损伤计算

准脆性工程材料及结构在外力作用下,不仅引起内部缺陷变化和微裂纹的出现及发展,且使得其结构承载能力降低或性能劣化．在其材料失效过程中常存在裂缝与断裂损伤过程区．为研究材料细观缺陷或微裂纹与宏观破坏的规律,通过细观力学方法,对于代表性体积单元RVE中的圆饼型微裂纹的尺寸与密度变化,探讨其宏观断裂过程区力学参量与损伤之间的量化关系．借助宏观断裂过程区的黏聚裂纹模型,将损伤单元RVE嵌入到宏观裂缝端部的断裂过程区中,对其进行联接细观损伤到宏观破坏的力学多尺度研究．文中也通过实验数据,对其理论计算结果进行了算例的讨论与分析．     

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Impact Fracture in Polycrystalline Materials

Technique for creation of polycrystalline computer materials is presented. The method considered allows for the obtaining of not only polycrystalline particle packings with various grains sizes but also the creating of materials with the preset value of porosity. Plate impact experiments were performed to compare strength properties of mono- and polycrystalline computer materials and also to investigate influence of the material porosity on the shock wave penetration and spallation processes. The experiments show significant differences in the impact fracture processes between mono- and polycrystalline materials. Smearing the shock waves due to heterogeneity of the granular structure of the polycrystals decreases localization effects, and the fracture occupies larger areas but with the smaller level of injury. Porosity adds significant resistance due to the strong plastic deformation during the pore collapsing. This effect can strongly decrease the penetration distance of the shock wave and even prevent the spallation.     

岩石、混凝土类材料断裂破坏有限元数值模拟中的有效方法

岩石、混凝土类材料断裂破坏有限元数值模拟中的网格重划,依据单元畸变和裂缝介质间的单元干涉作为网格重划判据,采用几何体重构技术把几何实体分解成能在ANSYS上实现六面体网格划分的几个部分,利用体积判断法确定新结点在旧单元的单元编号,在场量传递上采用基于解析性质的等参有限元逆变换,把旧网格场量信息传递到新网格中。本文对ANSYS进行二次开发,实现了三维网格重划,网格重划采用单元畸变和界面干涉两个判据,在网格再划分前进行几何体重构,提取变形后的点线面信息重新生成实体,充分利用AN-SYS的函数和体积判断法找到新结点在旧网格中的位置,在新旧网格间的场量传递中采用基于解析逆等参单元法。在平台上实现了三维有限元网格重划技术,最后利用方料的单轴压缩断裂模拟计算检验了传递前后等效塑性应变分布用载荷信息的变化,证明了所开发系统的正确性。     

Centrifugal Convection in Rapid Rotation of Bodies Made of Cellular-Porous Materials

Gas flows inside and around rapidly rotating bodies made of cellular-porous materials are studied numerically and experimentally. Within the framework of the previously proposed physicomathematical model, an appropriate numerical algorithm is developed and tested. Internal flows and a conjugate problem with the external flow are considered. The calculated moment and dynamic pressure are in good agreement with experimentally measured characteristics of a rotating porous disk on a solid substrate. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 46–57, January–February, 2006.     

岩石材料动态破坏的近场动力学方法数值模拟

裂纹的聚集、扩展、分叉是岩石等脆性材料破坏失效的关键因素，本文在验证了近场动力学方法在研究岩石类材料裂纹动态扩展方面的有效性之后，采用近场动力学方法分别对冲击载荷作用下含有双裂纹岩石材料和单轴压缩作用下含单斜裂纹的岩石材料进行数值模拟．结果表明，对于双垂直裂纹，其裂纹扩展路径大致与预制裂纹成70°夹角；对于单裂纹，裂纹的扩展路径随裂纹倾角的变化而变化，最终导致构件的整体破坏．数值模拟结果表明近场动力学方法可以很好地模拟岩石等脆性材料的裂纹扩展直至破坏的过程，反映裂纹扩展的物理机理；其作为一种新的基于非局部理论的数值方法，在地下岩体工程方面及页岩气的开采方面会有很好的发展前景．