Rigidity theorems for hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature

Let M ⁿ be a compact oriented hypersurface of a unit sphere \(\mathbb{S}^{n + 1} \) (1) with constant mean curvature H. Given an integer k between 2 and n ? 1, we introduce a tensor ? related to H and to the second fundamental form A of M, and show that if |?|² ≤ B _H,k and tr(? ³) ≤ C _n,k |?|³, where B _H,k and C _n,k are numbers depending only on H, n and k, then either |?|² ≡ 0 or |?|² ≡ B _H,k . We characterize all M ⁿ with |?|² ≡ B _H,k . We also prove that if \(\left| A \right|^2 \leqslant 2\sqrt {k(n - k)}\) and tr(? ³) ≤ C _n,k |?|³ then |A|² is constant and characterize all M ⁿ with |A|² in the interval \(\left[ {0,2\sqrt {k\left( {n - k} \right)} } \right] \) . We also study the behavior of |?|², with the condition additional tr(? ³) ≤ C _n,k |?|³, for complete hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature immersed in space forms and show that if sup _M |?|² = B _H,k and this supremum is attained in M ⁿ then M ⁿ is an isoparametric hypersurface with two distinct principal curvatures of multiplicities k y n ? k. Finally, we use rotation hypersurfaces to show that the condition on the trace of ? ³ is necessary in our results; more precisely, for each integer k with 2 ≤ k ≤ n ? 1 and \(H \geqslant 1/\sqrt {2n - 1} \) there is a complete hypersurface M ⁿ in \(\mathbb{S}^{n + 1} \) (1) with constant mean curvature H such that sup _M |?|² = B _H,k , and this supremum is attained in M ⁿ , and which is not a product of spheres.     

Singer-Thorpe bases for special Einstein curvature tensors in dimension 4

Let (M, g) be a 4-dimensional Einstein Riemannian manifold. At each point p of M, the tangent space admits a so-called Singer-Thorpe basis (ST basis) with respect to the curvature tensor R at p. In this basis, up to standard symmetries and antisymmetries, just 5 components of the curvature tensor R are nonzero. For the space of constant curvature, the group O(4) acts as a transformation group between ST bases at T _p M and for the so-called 2-stein curvature tensors, the group Sp(1) ? SO(4) acts as a transformation group between ST bases. In the present work, the complete list of Lie subgroups of SO(4) which act as transformation groups between ST bases for certain classes of Einstein curvature tensors is presented. Special representations of groups SO(2), T ², Sp(1) or U(2) are obtained and the classes of curvature tensors whose transformation group into new ST bases is one of the mentioned groups are determined.     

Generalized Einstein tensor for a Weyl manifold and its applications

It is well known that the Einstein tensor G for a Riemannian manifold defined by G βα = R βα 1/2 Rδβα , R βα = g βγ R γα where R γα and R are respectively the Ricci tensor and the scalar curvature of the manifold, plays an important part in Einstein's theory of gravitation as well as in proving some theorems in Riemannian geometry. In this work, we first obtain the generalized Einstein tensor for a Weyl manifold. Then, after studying some properties of generalized Einstein tensor, we prove that the conformal invariance of the generalized Einstein tensor implies the conformal invariance of the curvature tensor of the Weyl manifold and conversely. Moreover, we show that such Weyl manifolds admit a one-parameter family of hypersurfaces the orthogonal trajectories of which are geodesics. Finally, a necessary and sufficient condition in order that the generalized circles of a Weyl manifold be preserved by a conformal mapping is stated in terms of generalized Einstein tensors at corresponding points.     

Bol three-webs with covariantly constant curvature tensor

We find complete systemof tensor relations characterizing the class ofmultidimensional middle Bol three-webs with covariantly constant curvature tensor, and ascertain the algebraic sense of these relations. We prove the existence of such webs and lay the foundation of their classification in terms of torsion tensor rank. We also show that 6-dimensional non-group webs of such type are the known flexible webs E₁ and E₂.     

Semi Laguerre Planes

A Dembowski semi-plane is a semi-plane obtained from a projective plane by Dembowski's method [1]. A semi Laguerre plane is an incidence structure J = (P, B₁ ∪ B₂, I) for which: (a) every element of P is incident with one element of B₁, (b) an element of B₁ and an element of B₂ are incident with at most one common element of P, (c) each residual space of J (with respect to B₁) is a Dembowski semi-plane, (d) B₂ ≠ ? and each element of B₂ is incident with at least 4 elements of P. We prove that all semi Laguerre planes are substructures of Laguerre planes or special Laguerre planes (in the sense of Thas, Willems [3], [4]). Therefore, these incidence structures are related to optimal codes ([5], [6]).     

On rational invariants of a set of symmetric matrices

Some identities resulting from the Cayley-Hamilton theorem are derived. Some applications include: (a) for k = 1,2,…,n ? 1 a condition is found for a pair (A,B) of symmetric operators acting in Euclidean n-space to have common invariant k-subspace (provided that A does not have multiple eigenvalues); (b) it is shown that the field of rational invariants of (A,B) is isomorphic to a subfield of a rational function field with n(n+3)/2 generators consisting of elements symmetric with respect to the permutaion group P_n; (c) it is shown that any rational invariant of (g+2) symmetric operators A,B,C₁,C₂,…, C_g can be expressed as a rational function of invariants of one or two operators that are taken for pairs (A,B), (A,C₂),…, (A,C_g, (A,B+C₁), (A,B+C₂),…,(A,B+C_g).     

On projective N-curvature inheritance

The concept of a Lie recurrence was introduced by the first author?[6]. It is an infinitesimal transformation $\overline{x}^{i}={x}^{i}+\varepsilon {v}^{i}({x}^{j})$ with respect to which the Lie derivative of a curvature tensor is proportional to itself. Apart from other results related to a Lie recurrence, it was established that the Weyl projective curvature tensor is Lie recurrent with respect to a Lie recurrence but its converse is not necessarily true. However, an infinitesimal transformation with respect to which the Weyl projective curvature tensor and the Ricci tensor are Lie recurrent, is necessarily a Lie recurrence. Singh?[12] studied an infinitesimal transformation with respect to which the Lie derivative of the curvature tensor is proportional to itself and called such transformation as curvature inheritance. Obviously, a curvature inheritance is nothing but a Lie recurrence. Singh?[13] also considered a curvature inheritance which is a projective motion and called it a projective curvature inheritance. Gatoto and Singh [1,2] studied $\widetilde{K}$ -curvature inheritance and projective $\widetilde{K}$ -curvature inheritance. Pandey and Pandey?[9] studied $\widetilde{K}$ projective Lie recurrence. Mishra and Yadav?[3] studied projective curvature inheritance in an NP-F _n . In the present paper we have established that an infinitesimal transformation in a Finsler space is Lie recurrence if and only if the normal projective curvature tensor is Lie recurrent. A part from this result we have generalized almost all theorems of Mishra and Yadav?[3].     

A Splitter Theorem Relative to a Fixed Basis

A standard matrix representation of a matroid M represents M relative to a fixed basis B, where contracting elements of B and deleting elements of E(M)–B correspond to removing rows and columns of the matrix, while retaining standard form. If M is 3-connected and N is a 3-connected minor of M, it is often desirable to perform such a removal while maintaining both 3-connectivity and the presence of an N-minor. We prove that, subject to a mild essential restriction, when M has no 4-element fans with a specific labelling relative to B, there are at least two distinct elements, s ₁ and s ₂, such that for each i ∈ {1, 2}, si(M/s _i ) is 3-connected and has an N-minor when s _i ∈ B, and co(M\s _i ) is 3-connected and has an N-minor when s _i ∈ E(M)–B. We also show that if M has precisely two such elements and P is the set of elements that, when removed in the appropriate way, retain the N-minor, then (P, E(M)–P) is a sequential 3-separation.     

Duality and normal parts of operator modules

For an operator bimodule X over von Neumann algebras A⊆B(H) and B⊆B(K), the space of all completely bounded A,B-bimodule maps from X into B(K,H), is the bimodule dual of X. Basic duality theory is developed with a particular attention to the Haagerup tensor product over von Neumann algebras. To X a normal operator bimodule X_n is associated so that completely bounded A,B-bimodule maps from X into normal operator bimodules factorize uniquely through X_n. A construction of X_n in terms of biduals of X, A and B is presented. Various operator bimodule structures are considered on a Banach bimodule admitting a normal such structure.     

Prescription de la courbure de Ricci au voisinage de la métrique hyperbolique

On the unit ball of, one considers the standard hyperbolic metric H₀ whose Ricci curvature equals R₀ and Riemann-Christoffel curvature is. We prove that, for any symmetric tensor R near R₀, there exists a unique metric H near H₀ whose Ricci curvature is R. We deduce in the C^∞ case that the image of the Riemann-Christoffel operator is a submanifold in a neighborhood of. Finally, we study more precisely the Ricci equation in dimension 2.     

Two Bilinear (3 × 3)-Matrix Multiplication Algorithms of Complexity 25

As is known, a bilinear algorithm for multiplying 3 × 3 matrices can be constructed by using ordered triples of 3 × 3 matrices A _ρ , B _ρ , C _ρ , \(\rho = \overline {1,r} ,\) where r is the complexity of the algorithm. Algorithms with various symmetries are being extensively studied. This paper presents two algorithms of complexity 25 possessing the following two properties (symmetries): (1) the matricesA₁,B₁, and C1 are identity, (2) if the algorithm involves a tripleA, B, C, then it also involves the triples B, C, A and C, A, B. For example, these properties are inherent in the well-known Strassen algorithm for multiplying 2 × 2 matrices. Many existing (3 × 3)-matrix multiplication algorithms have property (2). Methods for finding new algorithms are proposed. It is shown that the found algorithms are different and new.     

Spatial energy decay estimate in dynamical problems for a micropolar viscoelastic solid

We consider a linear micropolar viscoelastic solid occupying a domainB in dynamical conditions. First, on assuming thatB is of the kindB={∈R:x’ =(x ₁,x ₂)∈D(x ₃);x ₃∈R⁺⁺}, and that the body is subjected to boundary data different from zero only onD(0), we estimate for any fixedt>0, in terms of the initial and boundary data, the «energy» of the portions of the solid at distance greater thanz fromD(0)(g _t(z)) and its norm inL ¹(0,t) (G_t(z)). Moreover we show that, if there exists somez ₀≥0, such that past histories vanish onD(z) withz≥z ₀, then for any fixedt>0 the points (x’’, z) withz?z ₀≥Vt are at rest, while forz?z ₀≤Vt, G_t(z) decays withz?z ₀, the decay rate being described by the factor $1 - \frac{{z - z_0 }}{{Vt}}$ .V is a computable positive constant depending on the relaxation functions, the mass density and the microinertial tensor. Finally these last results are extended to more general domains under the hypothesis that the initial and boundary data have a bounded support. In our analysis we make use of a Maximal Free Energy which allows us to impose very mild restrictions on the relaxation functions.     

Heat kernel analysis on infinite-dimensional Heisenberg groups

We introduce a class of non-commutative Heisenberg-like infinite-dimensional Lie groups based on an abstract Wiener space. The Ricci curvature tensor for these groups is computed and shown to be bounded. Brownian motion and the corresponding heat kernel measures, {νt}_t>0, are also studied. We show that these heat kernel measures admit: (1) Gaussian like upper bounds, (2) Cameron-Martin type quasi-invariance results, (3) good Lp-bounds on the corresponding Radon-Nikodym derivatives, (4) integration by parts formulas, and (5) logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. The last three results heavily rely on the boundedness of the Ricci tensor.     

A special class of tensor categories initiated by inverse braid monoids

In this paper, we introduce the concept of a wide tensor category which is a special class of a tensor category initiated by the inverse braid monoids recently investigated by Easdown and Lavers [The Inverse Braid Monoid, Adv. in Math. 186 (2004) 438-455].The inverse braid monoidsIB_n is an inverse monoid which behaves as the symmetric inverse semigroup so that the braid group B_n can be regarded as the braids acting in the symmetric group. In this paper, the structure of inverse braid monoids is explained by using the language of categories. A partial algebra category, which is a subcategory of the representative category of a bialgebra, is given as an example of wide tensor categories. In addition, some elementary properties of wide tensor categories are given. The main result is to show that for every strongly wide tensor category C, a strict wide tensor category C^str can be constructed and is wide tensor equivalent to C with a wide tensor equivalence F.As a generalization of the universality property of the braid category B, we also illustrate a wide tensor category through the discussion on the universality of the inverse braid category IB (see Theorem 3.3, 3.6 and Proposition 3.7).     

Pseudo-Riemannian manifolds modelled on symmetric spaces

We construct irreducible pseudo-Riemannian manifolds (M, g) of arbitrary signature (p, q) with the same curvature tensor as a pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space which is a direct product of a two-dimensional Riemannian space form M ₂(c) and a pseudo-Euclidean space with the signature (p, q ? 2), or (p ? 2, q), respectively.     

Balanced bipartite weighing designs

A block B denotes a set of k = k₁ + k₂ elements which are divided into two subsets B¹ and B², where |Bⁱ| = k_i, i = 1 or 2. Two elements of B are said to be linked or n-linked in B if and only if they belong to different subsets or the same subset of B respectively. A balanced bipartite weighing design, (briefly BBWD (υ, k₁, k₂, λ₁)) is an arrangement of υ elements into b blocks, each containing k elements, such that each element occurs in exactly r blocks, any two distinct elements are linked in exactly λ₁ blocks and n-linked in exactly λ₂ blocks.Given fixed k₁ and k₂, there is always a minimal value of λ₁ such that the necessary conditions for the existence of a BBWD are satisfied for same υ. It is proved that in many cases, the necessary conditions are also sufficient. Some general methods for constructing BBWD's as well as a table of all designs with υ ? 13 are obtained.     

Resolvable balanced bipartite designs

A block B denotes a set of k = k₁ + k₂ elements which are divided into two subsets, B¹ and B², where ∣Bⁱ∣ = k_i, i = 1 or 2. Two elements are said to be linked in B if and only if they belong to different subsets of B. A balanced bipartite design, BBD(v, k₁, k₂, λ), is an arrangement of v elements into b blocks, each containing k elements such that each element occurs in exactly r blocks and any two distinct elements are linked in exactly λ blocks. A resolvable balanced bipartite design, RBBD(v, k₁, k₂, λ), is a BBD(v, k₁, k₂, λ), the b blocks of which can be divided into r sets which are called complete replications, such that each complete replication contains all the v elements of the design.Necessary conditions for the existence of RBBD(v, 1, k₂, λ) and RBBD(v, n, n, λ) are obtained and it is shown that some of the conditions are also sufficient. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of RBBD(v, 1, k₂, λ), where k₂ is odd or equal to two, and of RBBD(v, n, n, λ), where n is even and 2n ? 1 is a prime power, are given.     

Size bipartite Ramsey numbers

Let B, B₁ and B₂ be bipartite graphs, and let B→(B₁,B₂) signify that any red-blue edge-coloring of B contains either a red B₁ or a blue B₂. The size bipartite Ramsey number is defined as the minimum number of edges of a bipartite graph B such that B→(B₁,B₂). It is shown that is linear on n with m fixed, and is between c₁n²2ⁿ and c₂n³2ⁿ for some positive constants c₁ and c₂.     

Applied hypernumbers: computational concepts

The key importance of hypernumbers in enlarging and fruitfully generalizing (as distinct from abstraction of a sterile sort) algebra, function theory and computation is discussed, with specific examples and theorems. The rich serendipity of hypernumber research is shown in the author's recent findings; for example, those generalizing the Bernoulli numbers for any real, complex, or countercomplex index s, as B_s= -s!2cos(πs/2) ζ(s)/(2π)^s, where ζ is Riemann's Zeta function; whence, e.g., B₀=1, B₂=1/6, B_1/2=hf;ζ(hf;), and B₃/B₅=-(80π²)^-1ζ(3)/ζ(5), results like the last two being unknown and unobtainable before. As in APL computer language, the symbol “!” is used to denote Gauss' π function: the factorial of unrestricted argument.     

On a continuous analogue of the stochastic difference equation Xn=ρXn-1+Bn

Let B₁, B₂, ... be a sequence of independent, identically distributed random variables, letX₀ be a random variable that is independent ofB_n forn?1, let ρ be a constant such that 0<ρ<1 and letX₁,X₂, ... be another sequence of random variables that are defined recursively by the relationshipsX_n=ρX_n-1+B_n. It can be shown that the sequence of random variablesX₁,X₂, ... converges in law to a random variableX if and only ifE[log⁺¦B₁¦]<∞. In this paper we let {B(t):0≦t<∞} be a stochastic process with independent, homogeneous increments and define another stochastic process {X(t):0?t<∞} that stands in the same relationship to the stochastic process {B(t):0?t<∞} as the sequence of random variablesX₁,X₂,...stands toB₁,B₂,.... It is shown thatX(t) converges in law to a random variableX ast →+∞ if and only ifE[log⁺¦B(1)¦]<∞ in which caseX has a distribution function of class L. Several other related results are obtained. The main analytical tool used to obtain these results is a theorem of Lukacs concerning characteristic functions of certain stochastic integrals.