f0（975）和Ф（1020）介子对中子星物质的影响

利用相对论平均场理论，考虑了σ＊，Ф介子及重子八重态{N，P，A，∑^-，∑0,∑＋，Ξ^-，Ξ^0}，研究了中子星的性质．发现当考虑了σ＊，Ф介子的贡献时，超子出现的临界重子数密度降低了，超子数目增加了，超子星的转变密度poH降低了，物态方程变软，最大质量变小而相应的中子星半径增大，中子星的中心重子数密度、中心能量密度和中心压强均降低．     

非碳纳米管研究的新进展

文章系统地论述了非碳纳米管的制备，较详尽地介绍了多种非碳纳米管制备最新的进展，包括硫化物、氮化物、氧化物等等，特别重点地总结了非碳纳米管前沿材料，例如WS2，Bi2S，，ZnS，GaN，BN，AlN，InP，Eu2O3，，V2O3等．最后对非碳纳米管的研究趋势作了展望．     

微小光学的研究现状

叙述了微小光学的新进展，对微小光学基本原理给出了简单概括，并对发展动态进行了评论，在微小光学理方面，讨论了“阵列光学”理论，研究了光学阵列的物与共轭象间的关系；在微小光学器件方面，讨论了变折射率透镜，平面微透镜列阵，衍射光学元件和三维集成光学系统；在应用方面，讨论了和并行光通信，光计算有关的一些新应用。     

新型铸装炸药生产工艺

对熔铸炸药生产中工艺部分的内容做了大量的研究工作，自行设计制造了预制药球模具，并制备了合格的预制药球，较好的解决了目前预制药球装填过程中易产生的搭桥现象，提高了液态炸药的充填能力，改善了装药工艺，减轻了工人的劳动强度，但预制药球制备较为复杂，且装填后的产品质量与装填预制药柱的产品相比，质量提高不是特别明显。     

遗传算法用于傅里叶变换红外光谱的定量解析

本文利用遗传算法对混叠的傅里叶变换红外光谱图进行了定量的解析。文中分析了最多包含了十个组分的大气有毒有机物（苯，四氯化碳，氯苯，硝基苯，苯酚，甲苯，甲醇，邻甲酚，间甲酚和对甲酚）的混合谱图，建立了适当目标函数，使用了自适应变异技术，讨论了交叉和变异概率对结果的影响。结果证明遗传算法有着极好的非线性特征。在适当的条件下，结果的相对误差小于1％。     

激光喇曼光谱的光纤采样技术

设计了一种高效光纤喇曼探针，与常规采样方法相比，简化了操作，改善了测量的信噪比，同时，光纤采样实现了远距离测量，使恶劣环境下的现场检测成为可能。     

内标—脉冲雾化ICP—AES测定微量体液中的Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,P,Mn,C…

采用内标－脉冲才化进样法，建立了微量何不认的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析方法。对内标的选择，分析信号与增样量的关系和分析标准曲线等方面进行了研究，测定了微量体液样品中的Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｐ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｒ等元素的含量，获得了较满意的结果。     

全固化单频激光器的控温系统

文章介绍了一种全固化单频激光器的控温系统，该系统利用PID控制原理，针对我们的控制对象，对其参数和整个系统进行了优化设计，并采取一系列抗干扰措施，保证了系统的控制精度和控制速度，用单片机对其多路温度信号的测量和显示进行了程序化控制，有效解决了热敏电阻的非线性问题，简化了系统的硬件结构，该系统体积小，运行可靠，控制精度达0．005℃（4h）。     

插图使用的探索和创新--浅谈自由落体频闪照片在教学中的应用

插图是教材的重要组成部分，不仅量多，[如高一教材(人民教育出版社2003年6月第1版)共一百五十多页，插图就有两百多幅]，而且内容丰富；它们分别展示了实验典型器材，记录了实验结果，分析了物理现象或过程，反映了物理知识在生产、生活、科技、实际中的应用，介绍了重要物理史料等等，在物理教学中起到了不可替代的作用．因此如何充分合理利用插图，     

布劳恩（W）（Braun，Wernher Magnus Maximilian von，1912—1977）德国-美国物理学家（Physicist，Germany-America）

他曾在瑞士的苏黎世和德国的柏林受教育，并于1934年在柏林大学获得哲学博士学位。布劳恩少年时期博览了科幻小说，从而对火箭产生了兴趣。1930年，他参加了德国科学爱好者小组，他们进行了各种火箭的试验。1932年，德国军队接管了火箭试验计划。次年，希特勒上台，并于1936年着手建造火箭研究中心。1940年，布劳恩参加了纳粹党。     

Double- and multi-photon pair production and electron-positron entanglement

We investigate entanglement of electrons and positrons produced via absorption by a vacuum of two or several photons from two external electromagnetic waves. The waves are modelled by finite-length focused pulses. Structures of the arising electron and positron wave packets are investigated in the momentum and coordinate representations. Conditional and unconditional widths of these wave packets, as well as the Schmidt number K are found, and they are used to evaluate the degree of entanglement. The conditions are found when entanglement is large. It is shown that the highest entanglement can be reached at nonrelativistic energies of electrons and positrons. Possibilities of observing the entanglement effects in experiments on pair production are discussed.     

Characterization and Modeling of Erbium-Doped Fibers and Integrated Waveguides

In this article several characterization techniques developed by the authors for erbium-doped fibers and integrated waveguides are discussed. These techniques are used to obtain the input parameters in the theoretical models that have been developed, too. In this way optical amplifiers and lasers are studied and optimized for different applications. Comparisons between computed values and experimental results are presented.     

Characterization and Modeling of Erbium-Doped Fibers and Integrated Waveguides

In this article several characterization techniques developed by the authors for erbium-doped fibers and integrated waveguides are discussed. These techniques are used to obtain the input parameters in the theoretical models that have been developed, too. In this way optical amplifiers and lasers are studied and optimized for different applications. Comparisons between computed values and experimental results are presented.     

Valence and core excitations in rare gas mono- and multilayers: Production,decay, and desorption of neutrals and ions

The aim of this survey is the understanding of the dynamics of medium to high energy excitations in simple condensed systems on very short time scales. For this purpose we examine the modifications of the electronic excitations and their evolution in rare gases (mainly Ar and Kr) due to a nearby metal surface (monolayer case) or by embedding into a rare gas condensate (multilayers). Ionic excitations are shifted to lower energies compared to the gas phase by polarization of the surroundings, while neutral excitations stay constant or are shifted to somewhat higher energies. This decreases the spacing between excitonic and ionic states from both sides. Deexcitation events can be analysed by linewidths for valence excitations, and by comparison of autoionisation and Auger spectra for core excitations. For monolayers, we conclude that excitonic states are unstable relative to ionic states but nevertheless are quite long-lived. For multilayers, only minor modifications relative to the gas phase are usually found. All electronic excitations in Ar and Kr mono- or multilayers lead to desorption of neutrals; core excitations in multilayers also lead to ions and cluster ions. The probable mechanisms in all cases are discussed, and open questions are pointed out.     

高光谱遥感的发展与应用

阐述了高光谱遥感的特点、优势,以及在航空及航天领域的发展情况,列举了几种典型高光谱成像仪的光学系统原理和主要技术指标。在此基础上,概述了高光谱遥感在植被生态、大气环境、地质矿产、海洋、军事等领域的应用情况。最后对高光谱遥感发展趋势提出了几点建议,包括低反射率目标遥感、高信噪比、高空间分辨率及宽覆盖范围等方面。     

多脉冲强流直线感应加速器测控系统中仪器通信与控制

多脉冲强流直线感应加速器(LIA)测控系统中仪器设备数量大、种类多、总线类型复杂,其通信和控制直接影响装置运行的可靠性。在硬件上将众多仪器根据功能划分成不同的子系统,每个子系统仪器设备通过必要协议转换后和相应的前端设备服务器连接,然后接入测控系统网络;仪器设备的通信控制软件采用LabVIEW平台进行开发,前端设备服务器中的本地控制程序通过VISA或UDP协议与仪器通信,远程通信采用DataSocket技术;为了应对强烈的电磁干扰和高压冲击,对仪器供电系统以及Marx充电线路进行了多处隔离,同时采取优化网络结构和数据流向、采用UDP协议以及主从模式总线仲裁等措施提高软件的可靠性。这套系统目前应用于多脉冲强流LIA装置的调试试验中,运行稳定可靠,完全满足实验要求。     

STM and AFM of bio/organic molecules and structures

Applications of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopes in bio/organic researches are reviewed with a special emphasis on the types of researches that are expected to contribute to the creation of a new field of “single molecule biochemistry” in the near future. The reviewed articles within the scope as stated above actually include a fairly broad spectrum of researches. It is, therefore, a hope of the author that this review will be useful to those who are considering biological applications of the probe microscopy techniques but are not quite familiar with the types of experiments that have been done in the past. In the section on scanning tunneling microscopy, identification of chemically distinct functional groups by the difference in their tunneling properties will be discussed as a main focus because it is fundamental for biochemists to identify molecules by their shapes and properties. In the section on atomic force microscopy, recent progresses in the imaging techniques of proteins and DNAs are closely reviewed, and rapidly advancing technologies of single molecule measurements and manipulation of nanometer sized structures are given extensive coverage because the author considers that such new applications are extremely promising to open an entirely new field in biological sciences.     

Physical and chemical phenomena occurring between solid ceramics and liquid metals and alloys at laser and plasma composite coatings formation: A review

The review describes the physical and chemical phenomena occurring between solid ceramics used as reinforcement and liquid metals and alloys used as matrix in the composite coatings. Initially, the properties of typical matrix metals as Ni, Co, Fe and alloys as Ni-based (NiCr, NiAl, NiCrAlY,…) and Co-based (Stellites) alloys in liquid state are described. Then, the phenomena related to the diffusion of some atoms such as nitrogen or carbon in liquid metals and alloys solidification are described. Subsequently, the phenomena at the interface between liquid metals and alloys and solid ceramics such as oxides or carbides during the coatings' formation are reviewed. Finally, the methods of composite coatings deposition using laser cladding and plasma transferred arc are described and the properties of the composite coatings related to their microstructure are discussed by taking into account the phenomena in melt-pool.     

Excitonic and electronic states in ellipsoidal and semiellipsoidal quantum dots

A simple model is assumed to obtain analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation in prolate spheroidal coordinates for the electron–hole pair confined to an ellipsoidal quantum dot (EQD) or to a semiellipsoidal quantum dot (SEQD). Numerical calculations are carried out to find the excitonic states as well as the electronic states decoupled from holes in such geometries. Their dependence on the inverse of the eccentricity of the ellipsoidal surfaces for different interfocal distances is investigated. The binding energy and the recombination radiation energy are calculated for GaAs and InAs QDs; the same dependences are also investigated. Comparison with previous calculations and experiments shows a good order-of-magnitude agreement. It is demonstrated that some of the available states in an EQD are forbidden in the SEQD and, consequently, some of the photoluminescence lines observed in the former case are suppressed in the latter geometry.     

Planar Er- and Yb-doped amplifiers and lasers

New results in erbium-doped planar waveguide amplifiers and lasers are presented. The waveguides are produced in silica-on-silicon technology using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Waveguide propagation losses outside the erbium absorption band are improved to values below 0.05 dB/cm for a core–cladding index step of around 1.4%. Amplifier arrays show a net gain of more than 12 dB over the entire C-band. Received: 13 June 2001 / Published online: 23 October 2001