激光加热金属板流固耦合数值模拟

 数值模拟研究了气流和激光辐照双重作用下的金属平板温度场。流体控制方程为3维雷诺平均N-S方程,固体控制方程为能量方程,湍流粘性系数求解使用k-ε两方程模型。采用流固耦合计算方法,使用动网格模型模拟气流的“冲刷效应”,较完整地模拟了激光辐照金属材料的物理变化过程,计算得到金属平板的温度分布及流场分布。结果表明:在较低气流速度及激光功率下,气流的冷却效应占主导地位;当气流速度和激光功率上升到一定程度后,气流的“冲刷效应”和冷却效应共同决定金属平板的温度分布。     

高速气流作用下能量加载金属蜂窝板数值模拟

数值模拟研究了高速气流作用下能量加载金属蜂窝板温度场。针对金属蜂窝典型单元,构造了蜂窝核细观导热数值计算分析模型。采用流固耦合计算方法,使用两相流模型和凝固/熔化模型模拟气流对烧蚀物的剥蚀,较完整地模拟了能量加载金属蜂窝板的物理变化过程,计算得到了金属蜂窝板的温度分布以及烧蚀形貌。结果表明两相流方法能够较全面地模拟能量加载金属蜂窝板过程中的对流换热、熔化与凝固过程以及金属液体在气流冲刷下的动力学过程,能获得较为合理的物理图像。     

高速气流中激光加热平板数值模拟与分析

 采用流固耦合方法,数值模拟了高速流场中激光作用下来流速度对平板温度分布的影响。结果表明:无激光辐照时,高速气流中平板有较高的气动生热平衡温度,且平板-气流之间的换热系数随来流速度增大而增大;在平板前沿换热系数增长最快,沿平板长度方向增速趋于平缓。分析了激光辐照时高速气流中激光加热平板的温度分布情况,考察了来流速度不同时,气动生热、散热和激光辐照对平板温度的影响,给出了激光辐照后的温升情况和温度分布,分析了在不同速度来流下,对流散热、摩擦生热和激光加热之间的竞争关系,结果表明,平板温度具体分布主要是加热过程竞争的结果。     

气流对飞秒激光加工炸药装药过程的热安全性影响分析

由于炸药具有热传导系数小、对温度极其敏感的特点,在使用多脉冲飞秒激光对其进行持续加工时,极有可能在炸药内形成热累积,从而导致点火、燃烧等危险事件的发生。为了降低激光加工材料过程中的热效应,人们普遍采取在材料加工表面施加气流的方法。为了研究加载气流条件下,炸药装药在飞秒激光作用下产生的烧蚀产物的运动规律以及炸药装药内部的温度变化,建立了加载气流条件下飞秒激光加工炸药装药过程的二维流固耦合计算模型,对在单侧、双侧不同入射角度的亚音速气流作用下,飞秒激光加工奥克托今（HMX）炸药装药的过程进行了数值模拟计算。计算结果表明：单侧气流会在炸药加工表面形成漩涡流,导致烧蚀气体产物在炸药表面做旋转运动,加重了烧蚀产物对炸药的热影响;双侧气流会在远离炸药加工表面的地方形成较大的漩涡流,从而使烧蚀气体产物迅速离开炸药加工表面,有效降低了炸药的温度,提高了飞秒激光加工炸药装药过程的安全性。     

激光对碳纤维增强复合材料的热烧蚀数值模拟

高能激光对复合材料的辐照效应研究,可以拓展激光技术的应用范围。为了预测激光辐照下碳纤维增强复合材料的瞬态热响应,提出了一个简化计算模型。采用隐式有限体积方法求解控制方程,边界条件包括激光辐照加热、对流换热、辐射换热以及材料表面烧蚀。考虑了激光辐照过程中基体热分解、质量迁移、比热容变化情况。基于该烧蚀模型,预测了激光辐照下碳纤维增强复合材料的瞬态温度场和表面烧蚀速率,计算结果与文献试验数据一致。最后,通过修正烧蚀模型分析了高速气流剥蚀对激光辐照复合材料热效应的影响。     

基于双相延迟模型的飞秒激光烧蚀金属模型

为了分析飞秒激光烧蚀过程,在双相延迟模型的基础上建立了双曲型热传导模型.模型中考虑了靶材的加热、蒸发和相爆炸,还考虑了等离子体羽流的形成和膨胀及其与入射激光的相互作用,以及光学和热物性参数随温度的变化.研究结果表明:等离子体屏蔽对飞秒激光烧蚀过程有重要的影响,特别是在激光能量密度较高时;两个延迟时间的比值对飞秒激光烧蚀过程中靶材的温度特性和烧蚀深度有较大的影响;飞秒激光烧蚀机制主要以相爆炸为主.飞秒激光烧蚀的热影响区域较小,而且热影响区域的大小受激光能量密度的影响较小.计算结果与文献中实验结果的对比表明基于双相延迟模型的飞秒激光烧蚀模型能有效对飞秒激光烧蚀过程进行模拟.     

不同气流环境下氟化氘激光对45~#钢靶的辐照效应

通过表面形貌观察、温度场分析,研究了切向空气气流、切向氮气气流、自然对流3种环境下氟化氘(DF)激光对45#钢靶的辐照效应,结果表明:切向空气气流环境下,钢靶烧蚀效果最显著,靶板后表面中心温升最高;切向氮气气流环境下,钢靶有一定的烧蚀,但温升最低;自然对流环境下,烧蚀效果最差。实验结果表明:切向气流可移除部分熔化物,特别在切向空气气流环境下剧烈的氧化反应可促进钢靶温度升高,显著增强激光对钢靶的烧蚀,停止激光辐照后切向气流的冷却效应起主要作用。根据实际物理问题建立了相应的数值计算模型,模拟了不同气流环境下激光对钢靶的辐照效应,其中,利用"生死单元"的方法,模拟了切向空气气流环境下激光对钢靶的烧蚀,并考虑了氧化放热的影响。模拟结果与实验结果基本相符,解释了气流在激光辐照效应中的作用。     

飞秒脉冲激光烧蚀金膜的相变传热研究

采用双温度模型,对飞秒单脉冲激光照射下金膜的烧蚀过程进行了研究,通过界面能量平衡方程成核动力学方程和气体动力学定律对烧蚀过程中的固-液以及气-液界面进行了追踪。对考虑非傅里叶效应的双重双曲线两步(DHTS)模型和抛物线两步(PTS)模型的模拟结果进行了对比研究,并分析了激光和金属薄膜参数对烧蚀过程的影响。结果表明:对于飞秒激光烧蚀过程,DHTS模型的模拟结果比PTS模型的模拟结果更接近于实验数据,相同条件下DHTS模型得到的熔化以及烧蚀深度会明显高于PTS模型得到的结果;激光能量密度越大,激光脉冲宽度越小激光烧蚀的深度越深,而薄膜越厚烧蚀越弱。     

移动网格与Level Set耦合方法在气-液两相流数值模拟中的应用

本文采用自适应移动网格与Level Set函数相耦合的方法来实现气-液两相流的数值模拟与计算.作为自适应网格方法的一种,移动网格方法主要是为了解决发展方程的计算问题而设计的方法.文中给出了移动网格的生成方程,并针对方程的非线性,给出了一种半隐式的离散方法用于进行求解.本文将移动网格方法与Level Set方法相耦合,将控制流体运动的Navier-Stokes方程以及追踪相界面的Level Set方程转换到曲线坐标下,应用一套曲线坐标方程组来同时描述气、液两相流的运动规律,成功实现了对气-液两相流问题的数值模拟.通过对顶盖驱动流的计算以及对液滴沉降现象的模拟计算,验证了本文方法的可靠性.本文对常重力与微重力下两气泡融合的发展规律进行了数值模拟,通过分析对比,得到了重力对两气泡融合变形的影响规律.     

激光驱动高速金属颗粒与气体相互作用

采用激光驱动技术模拟高速运动金属颗粒与气体相互作用过程,研究高速气固两相流输运过程。采用驱动靶优化设计、激光参数调节等方法对颗粒加速过程进行控制,利用高时空分辨率、高精度瞬态实验诊断技术获取高速颗粒瞬态物理图像。通过求解三维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程和刚体飞行六自由度动力学方程数值模拟高速单颗粒与气体混合过程,方程采用高斯−赛德尔隐式方法进行时间推进求解。研究表明,激光驱动方法能够有效地发射金属颗粒,阴影照相技术能够有效获取高速颗粒物理图像。数值模拟给出了高速颗粒与气体作用的流场参数。     

Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of AZO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS multilayer stack isolation using 1064 nm and 355 nm laser wavelengths

This study analyzed the thermal field effect and experimental verification of laser scribing of stainless foil based copper indium gallium selenide solar cells of the AZO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS multilayer stack films (P3 layer) using Nd:YAG (1064 nm) and ultraviolet (355 nm) lasers. To prevent breakdown of molybdenum films of the solar cell, the laser processing temperature must be lower than the ablation temperature (2896 °C) of the Mo layer, but higher than the ablation temperature (2248 °C) of aluminum doped zinc oxide layer. Therefore, the scribing depth of the P3 layer is limited to the range 1.5–1.7 μm. First, the ANSYS Parameter Design Language program in the ANSYS finite element software is used to establish the simulation mathematical thermal model of the laser scribing process. To simulate the actual laser scribing process, a three-dimensional FE model for laser scribing process with a moving laser beam was constructed. Comparison the theoretical analysis and experimental results indicated that two sets of simulation parameters could not completely remove the P3 layer when the Nd:YAG laser was used. However, when the UV laser was used, the theoretical and experimental results were in favorable agreement. The findings of this study indicate that simulation analysis results can be helpful as reference data for experimental parameters during the actual scribing process.     

靶与光斑尺寸对激光冲量影响的数值模拟

采用二维雷诺平均N-S方程,数值模拟研究了大气条件下短脉冲激光与固体靶相互作用所产生等离子体的动力学过程。采用k-ε两方程模型用于湍流的数值模拟,分别利用ROE格式和二阶中心格式对对流通量和粘性通量进行离散处理;用高斯-赛德尔隐式格式对方程进行时间推进求解。数值模拟给出了激光引发靶蒸气等离子体侧向膨胀、稀疏等二维流体动力学过程的物理图像,讨论了靶与光斑尺寸对脉冲激光冲量的影响。结果表明,不同宽度固体靶受到的激光冲量有很大差异,固体靶宽度越大,受到的激光冲量也越大。     

热阻塞效应对激光辐照靶材烧蚀过程的影响分析

研究了百兆瓦级激光烧蚀碳/碳复合材料靶材产生的等离子体吸收激光束能量引起的热阻塞效应。首先,基于逆轫致吸收理论,建立了激光在烧蚀靶材产生的等离子体中的传播模型;然后,基于磁流体理论,得到了等离子体在百兆瓦级激光形成的电磁场中的波动方程,建立了等离子体吸收激光能量引起热阻塞效应的模型。最后,对烧蚀过程中粒子的总密度、吸收系数、靶材表面等效热流随激光持续时间的变化规律以及是否考虑热阻塞效应时,靶面垂直方向的温度场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:等离子体的形成,对激光形成了明显的热阻塞效应,削弱了激光对靶材的烧蚀作用,使粒子总密度、吸收系数、靶材表面等效热流以及靶面垂直方向温度场的变化均呈现为非线性。     

Laser ablation of silicon and copper targets. Experimental and finite elements studies

The ablation process induced by excimer lasers is a collective phenomenon that basically involves two phenomena: the laser radiation–matter interaction and the dynamic of the ablation plume. The laser parameters, the thermal and optical properties of the material, and the surface morphology are critical factors in the ablation mechanisms affecting the direction of the ablation plume expansion. In this study, the role of the surface roughness and the evolution of its morphology under the laser irradiation were investigated. Assuming a thermal ablation model, a theoretical study of the initial steps of the laser ablation process by a finite element method using ANSYS (6.1) was performed. Different ablation experiments were carried out on silicon and copper targets using a XeCl laser. The target surface morphology changes were observed by SEM and the plume deflection was recorded by a digital camera. An acceptable agreement between the experimental and simulated results was found. This study contributes to a better understanding of the physical processes involved in the laser ablation and the relations between the plume deflection angle and the surface roughness. PACS 79.20.Ds; 81.40.Gh; 44.05.+e     

Numerical simulation of process dynamics during laser beam drilling with short pulses

In the last years, laser beam drilling became increasingly important for many technical applications as it allows the contactless production of high quality drill holes. So far, mainly short laser pulses are of industrial relevance, as they offer a good compromise between precision and efficiency and combine high ablation efficiency with low thermal damage of the workpiece. Laser beam drilling in this pulse length range is still a highly thermal process. There are two ablation mechanisms: evaporation and melt expulsion. In order to achieve high quality processing results, a basic process understanding is absolutely necessary. Yet, process observations in laser beam drilling suffer from both the short time scales and the restricted accessibility of the interaction zone. Numerical simulations offer the possibility to acquire additional knowledge of the process as they allow a direct look into the drill hole during the ablation process. In this contribution, a numerical finite volume multi-phase simulation model for laser beam drilling with short laser pulses shall be presented. The model is applied for a basic study of the ablation process with μs and ns laser pulses. The obtained results show good qualitative correspondence with experimental data.     

Modeling of multi-burst mode pico-second laser ablation for?improved material removal rate

This paper deals with the unique phenomena occurring during the multi-burst mode picosecond (ps) laser ablation of metals through modeling and experimental studies. The two-temperature model (TTM) is used and expanded to calculate the ablation depth in the multi-burst mode. A nonlinear increment of ablation volume is found during the multi-burst laser ablation. The deactivation of ablated material and the application of temperature-dependent electron-phonon coupling are demonstrated to be important to provide reliable results. The simulation results based on this expanded laser ablation model are experimentally validated. A significant increase of ablation rate is found in the multi-burst mode, compared with the single-pulse mode under the same total fluence. This numerical model provides a physical perspective into the energy transport process during multi-burst laser ablation and can be used to study the pulse-to-pulse separation time effect on the ablation rate.