信息融合技术在INS/GPS/DVL组合导航中的应用研究

为克服某船载导航系统不能满足长时间高精度导航定位需要的缺点,提出了一种基于信息融合技术的INS/GPS/DVL联邦滤波器组合导航方案.介绍了INS/GPS/DVL联邦滤波器的工作模式,在建立INS、GPS和DVL误差模型的基础上,推导了滤波器的组合形式,并详细阐述了该联邦滤波器的融合算法.通过计算机仿真技术分析了该组合导航系统的性能,仿真证明了所设计的联邦滤波器可以充分利用各种导航传感器的信息,提高导航系统的精度,比单独的惯性导航系统能提供更为精确的位置、速度和姿态信息,有效地提高了导航系统的综合能力.     

基于因子图的AUV多传感器组合导航算法

针对自主水下航行器(AUV)多传感器组合导航系统中不同导航传感器信息更新频率不同步及其可用性动态改变问题,以及AUV所在水下复杂多变的环境与任务需求,提出了基于因子图的AUV多传感器组合导航算法。首先,对捷联惯性导航系统、多普勒计程仪、磁航向仪、地形辅助导航设备进行建模,构建基于因子图的AUV多源信息融合框架;然后,根据非线性优化理论对系统状态更新过程进行表示,实现变量节点的递推与更新;最后,采用因子图方法对融合数据进行处理,实现AUV多传感器组合导航系统的高精度导航。仿真结果表明,所提因子图方法能够连续稳定地输出较高精度的导航结果,有效实现惯性导航系统与不同导航传感器的非等间隔融合,与联邦卡尔曼滤波算法的导航解算精度相当,水平定位精度均保持在?5~+5 m以内,并且因子图方法具有更好的灵活性和扩展性。半物理仿真结果亦验证了所提方案的可靠性和有效性。     

微惯性/卫星组合导航高精度事后基准确定方法

针对高性能MEMS组合导航系统的高精度定位定姿需求,提出了一种基于GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)精密相对定位RTK(Real-time Kinematic Positioning)和MIMU(MEMS-based Inertial Measurement Unit)组合的高精度事后基准确定算法,该算法在MIMU/RTK组合导航正向Kalman滤波的基础上,采用RTS(Rauch-Tung-Striebel)反向平滑再次进行信息融合,提升了组合导航结果的事后处理精度。另外,通过Allan方差分析技术实现对MIMU随机误差精细建模和MIMU/RTK组合导航相对精度分析。对实测的车载动态试验数据处理结果的均方根误差和Allan方差分析表明:相对于传统正向滤波方法,RTS反向平滑方法能够将MIMU/RTK组合导航定位、定姿精度分别提升45.2%和54.1%。该方法可作为GNSS/INS组合导航高精度参考基准的确定方法。     

基于SINS/TAN/ADS/MCP的无人机组合导航系统

为实现无人机高精度高可靠性导航,提出了一种以捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)为主,以地形辅助导航(TAN)、大气数据系统(ADS)及电子磁罗盘(MCP)为辅的组合导航方式。通过分析SINS、TAN、ADS及MCP单一系统的工作原理及输出误差模型,构建了SINS/TAN、SINS/ADS及SINS/MCP系统的状态方程及观测方程,最后采用联邦卡尔曼滤波方式实现了对各组合系统的信息融合。仿真数据对比表明:SINS/TAN系统位置误差较小,但航向误差较大;SINS/ADS系统速度误差较小且比较稳定,但位置误差随时间发散;SINS/MCP系统航向误差方差可达0.3783’,但其位置和速度估计精度不理想;而SINS/TAN/ADS/MCP系统能够克服上述不足,实现所有导航参数误差估计的高精度。     

一种车载组合导航系统的联邦滤波新算法

针对车载GPS/DR组合导航系统的特点,提出了一种新的联邦滤波算法.子滤波器由两个滤波器构成:一个是卡尔曼滤波器,另一个是Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(UKF),它们分别处理GPS子系统和DR子系统的信息.UKF是一种较新的非线性滤波方法,相对传统的非线性滤波器EKF具有更高的滤波精度和更高的计算效率.联邦滤波器的信息分配因子采用一种基于观测误差的最小均方误差形式,最佳地融合了传感器的输出信息.这种结构降低了联邦滤波器的计算难度和计算量,提高了组合导航系统的可靠性和容错性.仿真结果表明,提出算法的定位精度很高,与UKF算法的效果相当.     

SINS/GPS/CNS 组合导航联邦滤波算法

针对飞行器在长航时高速巡航过程中,捷联惯性导航系统存在误差漂移,GPS 导航可能会丢星、信号失锁,天文导航系统易受环境干扰,组合系统模型线性化误差易导致滤波发散等问题,分析了三种导航系统的优缺点,提出了 SINS/GPS/CNS 组合导航联邦滤波算法,该算法可以取长补短,巧妙地将 GPS 定位和天文导航定姿精度高的优势辅助于捷联惯导系统,利用卡尔曼联邦滤波器对捷联惯导系统进行误差估计,并对联邦滤波算法进行了有效的改进.计算机仿真显示,该滤波器收敛速度快,具有一定的容错功能,其滤波精度较 SINS/GPS 组合导航系统在位置误差和速度误差上均有约5%左右的小幅提升,在平台角误差上更是提高了一个数量级.仿真结果验证了该组合导航方案的可行性和算法的有效性,有重要的工程应用价值.     

基于联邦滤波的INS/GPS/CNS位置、姿态组合算法

为了充分利用姿态量测信息来提高组合导航系统的姿态精度,以联邦滤波为基础,研究了以姿态和位置信息作为观测量的多信息融合导航技术,提出了位置、姿态组合模型,并详细推导了基于联邦滤波的位置、姿态组合算法的观测矩阵的具体形式,最后对系统进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,基于联邦滤波的位置、姿态组合滤波算法能够给出正确的INS误差的估计值,且估计精度较高,平台水平误差角的估计误差控制在10″以内,平台方位误差角的估计误差控制在20″以内,有效地提高组合导航系统的姿态精度.     

弹载惯性/卫星/星光高精度组合导航

选取捷联惯导系统误差作为组合导航系统状态,利用捷联惯导与卫星导航系统各自的位置输出构造量测,设计惯性/卫星组合导航算法。在惯性/星光组合导航算法设计中,对星敏感器安装误差进行建模并也列入组合导航系统状态,利用星敏感器输出的姿态矩阵和根据惯导输出计算得到的等效姿态矩阵构造量测。从而,利用联邦滤波技术设计出弹载惯性/卫星/星光高精度组合导航方法。该组合导航方法的仿真结果表明,其定位、定姿精度分别达到12.1m(3σ)和0.27′(3σ),而且能够有效标定出惯性器件的随机常值误差和星敏感器的安装误差。     

移动卫星天线指向矢量辅助组合导航系统方法

为弥补SINS/GPS组合导航系统姿态角误差可观测性差的缺陷,根据移动载体卫星天线捕获通信卫星后通过自搜索实现精确对准卫星的原理,提出增加天线指向矢量信息(SAPV)的方位角和俯仰角信息为系统观测量,用于辅助SINS/GPS组合导航系统.根据SINS/GPS组合导航系统数学模型对姿态角误差的可观测性进行了分析,并对SAPV与组合导航误差之间的关系进行了详细数学推导,证明了SAPV辅助组合导航系统的可行性,建立了SAPV辅助组合导航系统的数学模型,采用联邦滤波器进行数据融合.仿真结果表明,SINS/GPS组合导航系统通过SAPV辅助,方位角误差估计精度提高了1个数量级,小于10′,水平姿态角误差估计精度略有提高,小于2 ′.该方法充分利用了天线通过自搜索完成精确对准卫星后的高精度指向信息,无须添加任何硬件系统,通过简单可靠的信息融合算法即可达到提高载体姿态测量精度的目的.     

INS/GNSS/VO组合导航系统复合型异常检测与容错算法

INS/GNSS/VO导航系统的异常输出常由外部扰动引起,表现为幅值较小的突变信号或者增长速率较慢的斜坡信号。为了增强异常检测算法的检测能力,提高组合导航系统在外部干扰情况下的导航精度,提出一种INS/GNSS/VO组合导航系统复合型异常检测与容错算法。在非全局融合阶段使用状态卡方检测法对量测信息进行异常检测与隔离;在全局融合阶段,构建检测统计量的归一化阈值比,作为量测噪声方差阵的权重系数,对子滤波器进行加权量测更新。街道场景中的离线测试结果表明,所提算法的导航误差均值与标准差相对于其他的异常检测与容错算法分别减小了9.6%与2.7%,提高了组合导航系统的异常检测能力和容错性能。     

Group properties of utt=[F(u)ux]x

The group properties and the associated Lie algebra are developed for the subject quasilinear wave equation, for arbitrary f[fεC²(R), f > 0, f ≠ 0]. From the resulting information sets of explicit invariant solutions are constructed for wave propagation in gases and for the transonic equation.     

Exact solution of the non-linear differential equation RR̈ + 32R2 − AR−4 + B = 0

The non-linear equation $\text{R}\text{R}\text{?}\text{+}\text{3}\text{2}\text{R}{}^2\text{- AR}{}^{\mathrm{?4}}\text{+ B = 0}$ is shown to represent simply periodic motion with a minimum at R₁ and a maximum at R₁R₀ or a maximum at R₁ and a minimum at R₁R₀^?1. R₀ is a function of the ratio $\text{A}\text{B}$ and is greater than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1 and less than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1. The period of the motion satisfies the simple relation T(R₀^?1) = R₀^?1T(R₀). The exact solution to the above equation is represented in terms of elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds and a simple algebraic function.     

Explicit expressions of S(v), H(v) and L(v) for anisotropic elastic materials

The three matrices L(v), S(v) and H(v), appearing frequently in the investigations of the two-dimensional steady state motions of elastic solids, are expressed explicitly in terms of the elastic stiffness for general anisotropic materials. The special cases of monoclinic materials with a plane of symmetry at x₃ = 0, x₁ = 0, and x₂ = 0 are all deduced. Results for orthotropic materials appearing in the literature may be recovered from the present explicit expressions.     

惯导／GNSS／罗兰C／航姿系统组合导航方案

为保证飞行器的导航精度及可靠性,采用了惯导/GNSS/罗兰C/航姿系统的组合导航。该组合导航采用开环组合方式,将多系统导航信息在计算机中进行综合,提高导航信息精度。仿真试验结果说明,所设计的组合导航系统是可行的,能满足任务要求。     

Phase portraits and bifurcations of the non-linear oscillator: ẍ + (α + γx2 + βx + δx3 = 0

The non-linear oscillator ? + αx + γx²x + βx + δx³ = 0 is studied using the methods of differentiable dynamics to obtain qualitative behaviour. The case x, β<0; γ, δ> 0 is considered in some detail; it has physical relevance as a simple model in certain now-induced structural vibration problems in which the structural non-linearities act to maintain overall stability. The presence of local and global bifurcations is detected and their physical significance discussed.     

Rheology/morphology/flow conditions relationships for polymethylmethacrylate/rubber blend

Viscoelastic behavior, phase morphology and flow conditions relationships in polymer/rubber blends have been investigated. The importance of such correlations is illustrated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/rubber blends subjected to different flow conditions both under small and large deformations. In small-amplitude oscillatory shear (the morphology does not change during the flow) the elastic modulus G of the concentrated blends shows a secondary plateau, G _p , in the low frequency region. This solid-like behavior appears for rubber particle contents beyond the percolation threshold concentration (15%). Morphological observations revealed that for concentrations higher than 15%, the particles are dispersed in a three-dimensional network-type structure.In capillary flow it was found that the network-type structure was destroyed and replaced by an alignment of particles in the flow direction. This morphological modification resulted in a decrease in both viscosity and post-extrusion swell of the blends. Morphological observations revealed that the ordered structure in the flow direction was concentrated only in the skin region of the extrudate, where the shear stress is higher than the secondary plateau, G _p . A simple kinetic mechanism is proposed to explain the observed morphology.Similarly, steady shear measurements performed in the cone-and-plate geometry revealed alignment of particles in the flow direction for shear stress values higher than G_p.Presented in part at the Symposium Recent Developments in Structured Continua Montréal (Canada) 26–28 May 1993 and at the 45th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Quebec, October 15–18 (1995)     

溅射沉积WSx/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的微结构及大气环境摩擦学性能

采用磁控溅射技术在硅基体上交替沉积WS₂、Ni及非晶碳(a-C)层制备出不同Ni层厚度的WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜. 利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪等研究了多层膜的成分及微观结构；通过纳米压痕仪、划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机等评价了薄膜的力学及大气环境中的摩擦学性能. 结果表明:随着Ni层厚度的增加，WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的致密度下降，n_s/n_w值(S与W原子百分数之比)由0.84降至0.73，WS_x层以微晶或非晶的形式存在. 多层膜的硬度和磨损率均随Ni层厚度的增加先降低后升高，但摩擦系数由0.22升至0.38，结合力先增大后减小. Ni层厚度为6 nm的多层膜的硬度可达13.4 GPa，抗氧化性能和耐磨性最优，磨损率仅为9.47×10–14 m3/(Nm).      

机翼-机身-挂架-短舱复杂流场数值模拟

本文采用分区搭接网格技术,对机翼/机身/挂架/短舱复杂组合体进行网格分布,通过分析计算网格对结果的影响,探讨了网格的划分.基于Roe的近似黎曼解的方法,采用S-A湍流模型,通过求解N-S方程,对该组合体外流场/发动机短舱内流场进行一体化数值模拟,与相应风洞实验数据进行了比较与分析,取得了与实验数据较为吻合的结果.与无发动机短舱的组合体的气动特性进行比较,分析了短舱对翼身组合体的气动干扰.     

On free energy-based formulations for kinematic hardening and the decomposition F = fpfe

Within the framework of linear plasticity, based on additive decomposition of the linear strain tensor, kinematical hardening can be described by means of extended potentials. The method is elegant and avoids the need for evolution equations. The extension of small strain formulations to the finite strain case, which is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and inelastic parts, proved not straight forward. Specifically, the symmetry of the resulting back stress remained elusive. In this paper, a free energy-based formulation incorporating the effect of kinematic hardening is proposed. The formulation is able to reproduce symmetric expressions for the back stress while incorporating the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. Kinematic hardening is combined with isotropic hardening where an associative flow rule and von Mises yield criterion are applied. It is shown that the symmetry of the back stress is strongly related to its treatment as a truly spatial tensor, where contraction operations are to be conducted using the current metric. The latter depends naturally on the deformation gradient itself. Various numerical examples are presented.