FC-6202表面活性剂应用于铜镀件无氰电镀除油处理获得成功

电解脱脂或称电解除油是金属部件电镀工业中的一个重要环节。由于镀件加工时沾有油污,在电镀前必须首先去除油污,才能保证镀层的质量,否则容易引起镀层脱皮、起泡、不均匀等质量问题。特别在铜镀件无氰电镀工艺中,对除油的要求更为严格。镀件除油的方法有电解除油和化学除油两种。前者除速度快、效率高、操作简便、除油彻底等优点外,特别适宜于一条龙、自动线连续操作的电镀工艺流程,节省时间。其方法是     

溶气浮选技术在某油田污水处理中的应用研究

对气浮技术用于处理江苏某油田采出水进行现场调试和运行,分析了影响浮选除油效果的因素。该工艺适用于油水密度差小、乳化程度高的采出水处理,大量污油在气浮选工段被去除,除油效率达90％以上,提高了回收污油质量,减少大量的污油排出,延长了过滤罐滤料的使用周期,减轻过滤罐的生产负荷,为高乳化含油污水处理提供了可借鉴的经验。     

钛材化学清洗工艺综述

介绍了钛材碱洗脱脂除油和酸洗除去氧化皮的原理和方法,重点阐述了钛材碱洗除油和酸洗除去氧化皮的工艺条件、工艺流程和设备.     

磁流体净化含油污水研究

研究了磁粉性能与表面活性剂对除油效果的影响,并探讨了除油机理。结果表明,应用磁流体净化含油污水,可使水中含油量从几百ppm降到几十ppm。     

超支化聚酰胺-胺破乳剂的合成及应用

以N-丙烯酰-1,2-乙二胺盐酸盐(ADE)合成为基础,通过ADE的Michael加成反应制备阳离子超支化聚合物聚N-丙烯酰-1,2-乙二胺盐酸盐(HADE),并对其结构进行了表征。研究表明,50℃下,HADE破乳剂(质量浓度为200 mg/L)对含煤油质量分数5%的水包油(O/W)煤油乳液的除油率可高达95.6%,显示了产品在乳液破乳除油方面良好的发展前景。     

离子液体处理含油污水实验研究

合成出了适合于含油污水处理的憎水性离子液体,研究了离子液体对含油污水的处理条件。当离子液体与含油污水体积比为1∶5,pH值为5,处理15min后,水中油的去除率为95.6%,COD_Cr的去除率为93.5%,表明应用离子液体可以有效地去除油田采出水中的有机物。同时考察了再生离子液体对除油效果的影响,其五次平行实验的除油率达95.4%,COD_Cr去除率为93.2%,表明离子液体可以回收利用。在此基础上,分析了离子液体对含油污水处理的作用机理。     

多元复合原油破乳剂的研究和应用

本文评价了几种破乳剂对克拉玛依原油的破乳效果。进行了单剂和复配剂的化学破乳及除油率的筛选。结果表明复配破乳剂在加药浓度、净化油含水和净化水含油、脱水速度等方面均优于单剂。表明复配破乳剂是高效原油破乳剂的研究方向之一。     

纳米化学复合镀Ni-P-TiO2(金红石型)及其耐蚀性能的研究

目前关于纳米化学复合镀Ni-P-TiO2,成为研究的热点,主要是研究TiO2具有光催化降解活性[1,2],以及通过对纳米TiO2进行掺杂能够增强它的光催化降解性能。本文以45#碳钢为基体,进行了纳米化学复合镀Ni-P-TiO2(金红石型),并对该镀层的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。1实验部分1·1仪器及试剂LK98C(电化学综合测试系统,天津),磁力测厚仪(德国);试剂均为分析纯。纳米TiO2(金红石型)(上海正美亚公司);45#碳钢(圆柱形R5mm,矩形25·0×50·0×2·8mm)。1·2工艺流程45#铁基试样打磨→除油→水洗→除锈→水洗→活化→水洗→施镀。①除油配方工艺:20g/L…     

溶液酸度在线检测装置的研制

研制了酸度在线检测装置，并应用于溶液酸度在线检测，溶液酸度在线检测装置，设有防污过滤器，自动采样器，蠕动泵，小型管道ｐＨ传感器和控制电路等，其特点为防污除油，随机自动采样，定时检测，全部管道化，可单独使用和计算机控制系统联网，适用于溶液酸在线分析，测定精度〈ｐＨ０．０５。     

Optimization of ammonium removal from waste water by natural zeolite using central composite design approach

The aims of the present study are to investigate removal of ammonium ion from wastewater using natural Western Azarbaijan zeolite and to optimize effective parameters by experimental design. In order to remove ammonium ions from aqueous solutions, experiments were carried out using column method as functions of the initial ammonium concentration, flow rate and pH of the solution. The results clearly confirmed that all mentioned parameters have vital affects on removing ammonium ions from wastewater and effluents, so got optimized. Central composite design with response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of main experiment parameters. The significance of the independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance ANOVA and f-test statistics. Optimization of the variables for maximum removal efficiency by natural zeolite was performed using the quadratic model. The model predicted maximum removal efficiency under the optimum conditions including initial ammonium concentration of 30?mg?l^?1; flow rate of 1?ml?min^?1 and pH 6, which was very close to the experimental value determined in column experiment. The cation exchange capacity of natural Western Azarbaijan zeolite was found to be 1.79?meq?g^?1. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the natural Western Azarbaijan zeolite has an excellent potential for removing ammonium ions from aqueous solutions and it is suggested as a suitable material for wastewater treatment.     

Removal of Oil Spills from Salty Waters by Commercial Organoclays

In this study two commercial organoclays, Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 30B, were used to investigate their potential for removing of light and heavy crude oils from salty waters. The results of batch kinetic studies indicated that the equilibrium time can be reached within 25–30 minutes of contact time. In addition experiments were performed to determine the effect of salinity, temperature, pH and mixing time on the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherms were obtained for the crude oils at equilibrium, at an optimum pH value of 11.73 and temperature of 19°C for which the initial oil contents varied in the range of 100 to 2000 ppm. Experimental results showed that oil sorption onto these organoclays can be described by Freundlich isotherm. Further, it was found that the oil removal efficiency for Cloisite 30B is higher than that of Cloisite 15A and the greater sorption was observed for Gachsaran crude oil onto the organoclays over Soroosh crude oil.     

以赤泥为原料合成聚合氯化铝铁复合絮凝剂及其应用

介绍了用炼铝废弃物赤泥制备聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂（PAFC）的基本工艺.研究了液固比、反应温度、反应时间对赤泥溶出率的影响,确定了最佳溶出条件为反应液固比3.5∶1、温度85℃、时间1.5 h;制备聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的最佳工艺条件为铝铁摩尔比1∶1,温度60℃,反应时间1.0 h.通过对该产品进行混凝试验,得出当PAFC投加量为0.80 mL.L-1,沉降时间为30 min,pH在6～7之间时,浊度、色度、COD的最大去除率分别达到69%、85%、70%.     

混凝吸附法联合处理小麦麸膳食纤维废水

用聚合硫酸铝铁为混凝剂,阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺为助凝剂,活性炭为吸附剂,采用混凝吸附的方法,处理了小麦麸膳食纤维废水.结果表明当聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)的质量浓度为500 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的质量浓度为10 mg/L,pH为4.21时,混凝处理后的废水COD去除率最大.絮凝后水样经活性炭吸附后COD去除率可达85.82%,色度去除率为100%,浊度去除率为93.03%.     

铜和铝离子/UV催化臭氧降解偶氮二异丁腈废水研究

利用多相催化臭氧(O3)工艺处理偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)废水,探讨不同催化O3体系(Cu2+、Al3+、Cu2++Al3+/UV催化O3)对AIBN废水中氰类污染物的降解特性,并对不同催化O3体系的动力学特性进行研究。结果表明,金属离子对催化O3工艺的处理效率具有明显影响,不同催化O3工艺对CN-去除作用都呈现起始去除速率较高而后减弱的特点,其中Cu2+和Al3+共同催化O3工艺的整体去除率较高,优于单独Cu2+和Al3+的催化性能。这可能是由于p H变化、金属离子与CN-配合作用、金属离子和O3作用的综合影响结果。动力学研究结果表明,不同催化O3体系降解AIBN废水中的CN-污染物的氧化反应符合准一级动力学反应,表观反应速率常数k在0.0245~0.00301 min-1之间。     

The Rebinding Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin Imprinted Calcium Alginate/Phosphate Hybrid Microspheres Via the Adjustment of pH Values and Salt Concentration

Summary: Bovine serum albumin imprinted calcium phosphate/alginate hydrogel microspheres were prepared with sodium alginate (SA), (NH₄)₂HPO₄, and using CaCl₂ as gelling agent, bovine serum albumin (BSA) as template in inverse suspension. The optimized rebinding properties of BSA imprinted hydrogel microspheres were investigated by controlling pH value and ionic concentration from the viewpoint of adjusting the process of gelling, removing template and rebinding. The optimized pH values for the imprinting of BSA in gelling, removing template and rebinding process was 4.1, 8.3 and 4.8, respectively. The effect of NaCl concentration on the BSA rebinding was also determined. We provided a strategy to get the optimized imprinting efficiency by altering pH value and ionic concentration in a weakly ionic cross-linked hydrogel system on the process of protein's imprinting.     

超声强化Keggin型Fe-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐降解染料废水

合成了Fe-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐催化剂,并利用红外光谱(IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对制得的产物进行了表征,研究了Fe-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐超声降解模拟酸性绿B(AGB)染料废水的效果.结果表明,合成的杂多酸盐具有Keggin型结构,催化剂的投加量、染料的初始浓度及初始pH值、超声频率及超声时间都对降解效果产生一定的影响.当染料浓度为10mg/L,催化剂的投加量为0.6g/L时,在pH为5.0的条件下,用40kHz超声辐射60min,降解率最高可达93.18%.通过动力学分析:降解反应符合一级反应动力学模型,速率常数随初始浓度的增加而减小.     

电絮凝处理脱硫废水中重金属及动力学模型

采用电絮凝法处理脱硫废水中重金属离子,研究去除过程的影响因素及动力学模型,并对电絮凝产物进行分析。考察电絮凝时间、电流密度、废水pH、曝气量对电絮凝法处理重金属离子效果的影响。结果表明,电絮凝时间40min,电流密度4mA/cm2,废水pH=7,曝气量0.4m3/h时,四种金属去除率达90%。电絮凝产物为铁的多核羟基络合物,且去除过程具有一级动力学反应特征。     

PREPARATION OF BAGASSE XANTHATES（BX）AND NICKEL REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER BY BX

Water-insoluble bagasse xanthates were prepared by xanthation of alkalified celluloses by treating bagasse with chromium hydroxide reaction effluent.The removel of nickel from both test solutions and electroplating industrial wastewater samples with BX was investigated.The process was studied taking into account such parameters as pH of water,precipitation time,xanthate dosage and storage time of BX.These products wrer found to be highly efficient in removing nickel.The residual concentration of nickel after treatment can be reduced to a value of the ordor of 0.01mg·l^-1.     

On-line microdialysis–high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of aniline and 2-chloroaniline in polymer industrial wastewater

Determination of aniline and 2-chloroaniline in polymer industrial wastewater was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line microdialysis. After dilution, aniline and 2-chloroaniline in the sample were diffused through a cellular dialysis membrane into the perfusion stream under controlled conditions. Conditions for obtaining optimum dialysis efficiency such as flow-rate and polarity modifier in the perfusion stream, pH and added salt in the sample solution, as well as chromatographic conditions were investigated. The results indicate that the dialysis achieved at a sample matrix pH value of 9.5 with 0.1 M NaCl addition, and the perfusate at 10-μl/min flow-rate offered optimum dialysis efficiency. The aniline and 2-chloroaniline were well separated in an acceptable time on a reversed-phase C₁₈ column eluted with 40% aqueous methanol solution at pH 7.0 and 1.0 ml/min flow-rate. The proposed method provided a very simple procedure to determine aniline and 2-chloroaniline in wastewater. Application was illustrated by the analysis of aniline and 2-chloroaniline in wastewater released from a polymer factory.