Polysaccharides ofEremurus. X. Characteristics of the polysaccharides ofEremurus lactiflorus andE. luteus

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from two species ofEremurus — E. lactiflorus andE. luteus — with yields of 13.5% and 20.5%, respectively. They contained mainly glucose and mannose in ratios of 1:5 and 1:3.1. The polysaccharides ofE. lactiflorus were separated from a column of DEAE-cellulose. The yield of neutral fraction was 10.3%. Gel filtration of the polysaccharides on Sephadex G-200 showed their polydispersity. Homogeneous fractions were obtained by fractional precipitation with ethanol. They have been characterized with respect to monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and IR spectra.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 604–608, September–October, 1979.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum I. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides fromPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The water-soluble polysaccharides of the rhizomes of thePolygonatum sewerzowii Regl. have been studied. A method has been developed for separating the polysaccharide fraction. A new native acetylated glucomannan has been isolated which has been called severan and consists of manno- and glucopyranose residues linked with one another by -1 4 bonds in a ratio of 15.4:1.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Plant Substances of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 555–559, September–October, 1978.     

Asparagus polysaccharides. I. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides ofA. neglectus: Glucomannans of the roots

Water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances have been isolated from various organs ofA. neglectus and their quantitative amounts and monosacchardie compositions have been determined. Native acetylated glucomannans (A, B, and C) containing 13, 15, and 20% of acetyl groups and being homogeneous according to the results of gel chromatography have been isolated from the roots. On the basis of the results of periodate oxidation, methylation, and IR spectroscopy it has been established that the neutral polysaccharides of the roots ofA. neglectus is a mixture of three glucomannans consisting of -14 linear-bound D-gluco- and D-mannopyranose residues.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 702–706, November–December, 1981.     

Fractionation of the polysaccharides ofChara aculeolata

Summary The carbohydrate complex of the Chara algaChara aculeolata Kütz is peculiar and includes polysaccharides of the types of starch, hemicelluloses, and cellulose and also acid polymers of two types, one of which is esterified with sulfuric acid residues while the other contains D-galacturonic acid as the main component.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 698–702, November–December, 1976.     

Immobilization of the enzyme L-asparaginase fromE. coli on polysaccharides IV. Covalent binding with dialdehyde-dextran

The synthesis has been effected of immobilizedE. coli L-asparaginase on medical dextran — poliglyukin. The influence of the bound polymer on some physicochemical properties of the final products have been studied. An increased resistance to heat and stability on storage of the immobilized forms of L-asparagine in comparison with a native enzyme has been found. It has been shown that the polymer modification of L-asparaginase leads to a decrease in the antigenic affinity of the immobilized enzyme as compared with the native enzyme.Institute of Organic Synthesis, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. All-Union Scientific-Research Technological Institute of Antibiotics and Enzymes for Medical Purposes, Leningrad. A. Kirkhenshtein Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 766–771, November–December, 1986.     

Accumulation of polysaccharides under the influence of chlorocholine chloride inAronia melanocarpa

Water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPSs) have been isolated from the fruit and leaves ofAronia melanocarpa Elliot (black chokeberry) plants treated with chlorocholine chloride in various concentrations. It has been established that they are composed of galacturonic acid and the neutral monosaccharides galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose. In addition, another two unidentified spots of monosaccharides or their derivatives were found in the polysaccharides of the fruit, and one in those of the leaves. The ratios of the neutral monosaccharides in the WSPSs have been determined. Accumulation of the polysaccharides under the influence of various concentrations of chlorocholine chloride has been studied. It has been established that the retardant used (chlorocholine chloride) increases the accumulation of polysaccharides in the fruit by a factor of 1.5–2, but no appreciable accumulation of them was observed in the leaves.I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 601–604, September–October, 1979.     

Immobilization of the enzymeL-asparaginase fromE. coli on polysaccharides. VI. Preparation and properties of polymeric derivatives based on dextran carbonates

Methods have been developed for obtaining soluble and insoluble dextran carbonates. The addition of the latter to E. coli L-asparaginase has given water-soluble, gel-like, and insoluble forms of the immobilized enzyme. The influence of the bound polymer on some physicochemical properties of L-asparaginase has been determined. The antileukemic action of soluble dextran derivatives of L-asparaginase has shown that their efficiency is greater than that of the native enzyme.A. Kirkhenshtein Institute of Microbiology, Latvian Academy of Sciences, Riga. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 432–436, May–June, 1993.     

Steroid compounds ofErysimum XI. Sterols ofErysimum diffusum andE. cuspidatum

Summary It has been shown that the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil ofErysimum cuspidatum contains -sitosterol and campesterol, and the oil ofErysimum diffusum contains -sitosterol.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 821–823, November–December, 1977.     

Cardenolides ofCoronilla glauca andC. scorpioides

The cardenolide glycosides glucocorotoxigenin, scorpioside, and coronillobioside and a new compound which has been called glucocoroglaucigenin have been isolated from the seeds ofCoronilla glauca L. for the first time. The new glycoside has the structure of 3-(-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-14,19-dihydroxy-5-card-20(22)-enolide. This glycoside has also been isolated from the seeds ofC. scorpioides.Khar'kov Pharmaceutical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 676–679, September–October, 1985.     

Carbohydrates ofAllium. IV. Glucofructans ofAllium longicuspis

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from the bulbs ofAllium longicuspis Rgl. By fractionating the combined water-soluble polysaccharides, homogeneous polysaccharides with molecular weights of 15,500 and 5100 have been isolated. It has been shown by spectral and chemical methods that they consist of glucofructans of a mixed type containing glycosidic bonds of the inulin (2 1) and levan (26) types in a ratio of 2.1:1.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 703–707, November–December, 1984.