On Bernstein–Markov-type inequalities for multivariate polynomials in -norm

Bernstein–Markov-type inequalities provide estimates for the norms of derivatives of algebraic and trigonometric polynomials. They play an important role in Approximation Theory since they are widely used for verifying inverse theorems of approximation. In the past decades these inequalities were extended to the multivariate setting, but the main emphasis so far was on the uniform norm. It is considerably harder to derive Bernstein–Markov-type inequalities in the L_q-norm, and it requires introduction of new methods. In this paper we verify certain Bernstein–Markov-type inequalities in L_q-norm on convex and star-like domains. Special attention is given to the question of how the geometry of the domain affects the corresponding estimates.     

Approximation of classes of functions of many variables by their orthogonal projections onto subspaces of trigonometric polynomials

In the spaceL _q, 1<q<∞ we establish estimates for the orders of the best approximations of the classes of functions of many variablesB _1,θ ^r andB _p,α ^r by orthogonal projections of functions from these classes onto the subspaces of trigonometric polynomials. It is shown that, in many cases, the estimates obtained in the present work are better in order than in the case of approximation by polynomials with harmonics from the hyperbolic cross.     

Nikol’skii’s inequality for different metrics and properties of the sequence of norms of the Fourier sums of a function in the Lorentz space

Let (X, Y) be a pair of normed spaces such that X ? Y ? L ₁[0, 1] ⁿ and {e _k } _k be an expanding sequence of finite sets in ? ⁿ with respect to a scalar or vector parameter k, k ∈ ? or k ∈ ? ⁿ . The properties of the sequence of norms $\{ \left\| {S_{e_k } (f)} \right\|x\} _k $ of the Fourier sums of a fixed function f ∈ Y are studied. As the spaces X and Y, the Lebesgue spaces L _p [0, 1], the Lorentz spaces L _p,q [0, 1], L _p,q [0, 1] ⁿ , and the anisotropic Lorentz spaces L _p,q*[0, 1] ⁿ are considered. In the one-dimensional case, the sequence {e _k } _k consists of segments, and in the multidimensional case, it is a sequence of hyperbolic crosses or parallelepipeds in ? ⁿ . For trigonometric polynomials with the spectrum given by step hyperbolic crosses and parallelepipeds, various types of inequalities for different metrics in the Lorentz spaces L _p,q [0, 1] ⁿ and L _p,q*[0, 1] ⁿ are obtained.     

L p -methods for robust regression

In this paper we discuss algorithms forL _p-methods, i.e. minimizers of theL _p-norm of the residual vector. The statistical “goodness” of the different methods when applied to regression problems is compared in a Monte Carlo experiment.     

The norm ratio of the polynomials with coefficients as binary sequence

Given a positive integerq, the ratio of the 2q-norm of a polynomial which its coefficients form a binary sequence and its 2-norm arose from telecommunication engineering consists of finding any type of such polynomials having the ratio “small”. In this paper we consider some special types of these polynomials, discuss the sharpest possible upper bound, and prove a result for the ratio. MAIN FACTS: A conjecture over a Rudin-Shapiro polynomialP _n which has degree 2 ⁿ ?1 is that for any integerq, the ratio of its 2 _q norm and its 2 norm is asymptotic to the 2qth root of 2 ^q (q+1)^?1. In other words $||P_n ||_{2q} \sim ||P_n ||_2 \sqrt[{2q}]{{\frac{{2q}}{{q + 1}}}}$ . So far only up toq= 2 has been verified. However if the asymptotic behavior is valid for an evenq, then it is also valid for its next consecutive odd integer.     

About Widths of Wiener Space in theLq-Norm

We calculate the average Kolmogorov and linearn-widths of the Wiener space in theL_q-norm. For the case 1 ≤q< ∞, then-widthsd_ndecrease asymptotically asn^-1/2.     

Comparison of approximation properties of generalized polynomials and splines

We establish that, for p ∈ [2, ∞), q = 1 or p = ∞, q ∈ [ 1, 2], the classes W _p^rof functions of many variables defined by restrictions on the L _p-norms of mixed derivatives of order r = (r ₁, r ₂, ..., r _m) are better approximated in the L _q-metric by periodic generalized splines than by generalized trigonometric polynomials. In these cases, the best approximations of the Sobolev classes of functions of one variable by trigonometric polynomials and by periodic splines coincide. Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 50, No. 8, pp. 1011–1020, August, 1998.     

Greedy Algorithm and m -Term Trigonometric Approximation

We study the following nonlinear method of approximation by trigonometric polynomials in this paper. For a periodic function f we take as an approximant a trigonometric polynomial of the form , where is a set of cardinality m containing the indices of the m biggest (in absolute value) Fourier coefficients of function f . We compare the efficiency of this method with the best m -term trigonometric approximation both for individual functions and for some function classes. It turns out that the operator G _m provides the optimal (in the sense of order) error of m -term trigonometric approximation in the L _p -norm for many classes. September 23, 1996. Date revised: February 3, 1997.     

Approximative characteristics of the isotropic classes of periodic functions of many variables

Exact-order estimates are obtained for the best orthogonal trigonometric approximations of the Besov (B _p,θ ^r ) and Nukol’skii (H _p ^r ) classes of periodic functions of many variables in the metric of L _q , 1 ≤ p, q ≤ ∞. We also establish the orders of the best approximations of functions from the same classes in the spaces L ₁ and L _∞ by trigonometric polynomials with the corresponding spectrum.     

Integral Norms of Trigonometric Polynomials

For trigonometric polynomials with coefficients equal to 1 or 0 in absolute value whose spectra are located on the left-hand side of binary blocks, we establish two-sided estimates of the L ₁-norm.     

On unconditional polynomial bases inL p and bergman spaces

In this paper we consider unconditional bases inL _p(T), 1<p<∞,p ≠ 2, consisting of trigonometric polynomials. We give a lower bound for the degree of polynomials in such a basis (Theorem 3.4) and show that this estimate is best possible. This is applied to the Littlewood-Paley-type decompositions. We show that such a decomposition has to contain exponential gaps. We also consider unconditional polynomial bases inH _p as bases in Bergman-type spaces and show that they provide explicit isomorphisms between Bergman-type spaces and natural sequences spaces.     

Stability ofL 1-approximations and robustness of least module estimates

The paper is concerned with the robustness properties of least module (LM) estimates of regression parameters depending on the stability properties of L₁-norm approximations. The conditions of stability for L₁-approximations are obtained in linear, nonlinear, continuous, and discrete cases. The breakdown points of LM estimates and their upper bounds are derived in the linear case of approximation by algebraic and trigonometric polynomials, and in the nonlinear case of approximation by exponentials. Proceedings of the XVII Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models, Kazan, Russia, 1995, Part I.     

Non-orientable fundamental surfaces in lens spaces

We give a concrete example of an infinite sequence of (pn,qn)-lens spaces L(pn,qn) with natural triangulations T(pn,qn) with pn tetrahedra such that L(pn,qn) contains a certain non-orientable closed surface which is fundamental with respect to T(pn,qn) and of minimal crosscap number among all closed non-orientable surfaces in L(pn,qn) and has n−2 parallel sheets of normal disks of a quadrilateral type disjoint from the pair of core circles of L(pn,qn). Actually, we can set p₀=0, q₀=1, pk+1=3pk+2qk and qk+1=pk+qk.     

Some Inequalities for Derivatives of Trigonometric and Algebraic Polynomials

We investigate inequalities for derivatives of trigonometric and algebraic polynomials in weighted L ^P spaces with weights satisfying the Muckenhoupt A _p condition. The proofs are based on an identity of Balázs and Kilgore [1] for derivatives of trigonometric polynomials. Also an inequality of Brudnyi in terms of rth order moduli of continuity ω_r will be given. We are able to give values to the constants in the inequalities.     

Best polynomial approximations in L 2 of classes of 2π-periodic functions and exact values of their widths

We find sharp inequalities between the best approximations of periodic differentiable functions by trigonometric polynomials and moduli of continuity ofmth order in the space L ₂ as well as present their applications. For some classes of functions defined by these moduli of continuity, we calculate the exact values of n-widths in L ₂.     

The average errors for Hermite-Fejr interpolation on the Wiener space

For 1≤ p ∞, firstly we prove that for an arbitrary set of distinct nodes in [-1, 1], it is impossible that the errors of the Hermite-Fejr interpolation approximation in L p -norm are weakly equivalent to the corresponding errors of the best polynomial approximation for all continuous functions on [-1, 1]. Secondly, on the ground of probability theory, we discuss the p-average errors of Hermite-Fejr interpolation sequence based on the extended Chebyshev nodes of the second kind on the Wiener space. By our results we know that for 1≤ p ∞ and 2≤ q ∞, the p-average errors of Hermite-Fejr interpolation approximation sequence based on the extended Chebyshev nodes of the second kind are weakly equivalent to the p-average errors of the corresponding best polynomial approximation sequence for L q -norm approximation. In comparison with these results, we discuss the p-average errors of Hermite-Fejr interpolation approximation sequence based on the Chebyshev nodes of the second kind and the p-average errors of the well-known Bernstein polynomial approximation sequence on the Wiener space.     

Widths and distributions of values of the approximation functional on the sobolev spaces with measure

We obtain asymptotic values for the integraln-widths of Sobolev classesW ₂ ^r equipped with Gaussian measure in theL _q -norm.     

Approximation of classes B_{p,\theta }^r of periodic functions of one and several variables

We obtain order-sharp estimates of best approximations to the classes $B_{p,\theta }^r$ of periodic functions of several variables in the space L _q , 1 ≤ p, q ≤ ∞ by trigonometric polynomials with “numbers” of harmonics from step hyperbolic crosses. In the one-dimensional case, we establish the order of deviation of Fourier partial sums of functions from the classes $ B_{1,\theta }^{r_1 } $ in the space L ₁.     

On Carlitz's q-Bernoulli numbers

Properties of q-extensions of Bernoulli numbers and polynomials which generalize those satisfied by B_k and B_k(x) are used to construct q-extensions of p-adic measures and define a q-extension of p-adic Dirichlet L-series.