边坡稳定性评价结果的表达与边坡稳定判据

本文比较全面系统地总结分析了目前边坡工程中常用的各种稳定性评价结果的表达方式, 即各种边坡稳定判据。它们主要包括：(1)安全系数;(2)可靠度或破坏概率;(3)边坡岩体的位移、应力、位移速度等;(4)定性经验结论;(5)干扰能量;(6)声发射率等六种。在此基础上, 本文分析了各种判据的特点及其适用条件等。     

边坡稳定分析的虚功率法

基于有限元计算所得应力场的改进极限平衡法, 对渗流与有效应力耦合作用强烈的边坡或地基的稳定性分析具有优势. 本文提出了边坡稳定分析的虚功率法, 即基于极限分析的上限定理, 利用机动许可的组合刚体滑动机构和有限元应力场, 用滑动机构的速度间断面上的抗滑力功率与滑动力功率的比值计算安全系数. 通过分步优化方法, 获得边坡给定滑动机制的稳定安全系数. 对2个典型折线滑动机构的边坡案例进行了分析, 比较了采用静力平衡应力场和静力许可应力场对安全系数的影响. 指出基于土体线弹性本构模型所得的有效应力场计算的稳定安全系数, 也是边坡稳定安全性的一个不错的度量. 算例中本文计算所得的边坡稳定安全系数, 与文献中推荐的答案很接近, 其滑动机制与有限元强度折减法分析所得的滑动机制基本一致, 安全系数也接近, 表明本文提出的方法是合理的边坡稳定分析新方法, 为边坡和地基的稳定性分析提供了新的选择.     

边坡稳定分析的虚功率法

基于有限元计算所得应力场的改进极限平衡法, 对渗流与有效应力耦合作用强烈的边坡或地基的稳定性分析具有优势. 本文提出了边坡稳定分析的虚功率法, 即基于极限分析的上限定理, 利用机动许可的组合刚体滑动机构和有限元应力场, 用滑动机构的速度间断面上的抗滑力功率与滑动力功率的比值计算安全系数. 通过分步优化方法, 获得边坡给定滑动机制的稳定安全系数. 对2个典型折线滑动机构的边坡案例进行了分析, 比较了采用静力平衡应力场和静力许可应力场对安全系数的影响. 指出基于土体线弹性本构模型所得的有效应力场计算的稳定安全系数, 也是边坡稳定安全性的一个不错的度量. 算例中本文计算所得的边坡稳定安全系数, 与文献中推荐的答案很接近, 其滑动机制与有限元强度折减法分析所得的滑动机制基本一致, 安全系数也接近, 表明本文提出的方法是合理的边坡稳定分析新方法, 为边坡和地基的稳定性分析提供了新的选择.      

海底边坡稳定分析方法综述

本文指出海底边坡与陆上边坡的不同点,对一个完整的海底边坡稳定问题从几何形状和载荷情况两个方面进行了描述。由于波浪影响是海底边坡问题的最大特点,因此回顾了计算海底压力的各种方法以及在海底压力作用下海底土层产生的瞬态和残余孔隙压力。然后对极限平衡、静态变形分析和动力分析三大类边坡稳定分析方法进行了评述,并指出各自的适用范围。海底边坡破坏后的行为尤其复杂,指出用流变模型预测泥流性质的可能性。最后提出了海底边坡稳定性课题的当前致力方向。     

保持顶点多样性的复合形法及其在边坡稳定分析中的应用

针对基本复合形法全局搜索能力不强的缺陷,改进了基本复合形法的寻优方法。在关于各个顶点的寻优直线上分别找出比各个顶点优异的点并替换掉各顶点构成多个新复形,并以各个复合形中心点到各个顶点的海明距离之和为中心距指标,找出最大中心距的复形为下一次迭代之新复形。依次迭代,直到没有新的复形产生。通过对两个复杂边坡最小安全系数的搜索,发现本文新复合形法的全局搜索能力有较大提高。     

框架预应力锚杆边坡支护结构的稳定性分析方法及其 应用

以边坡极限平衡理论及框架预应力锚杆边坡支护结构的圆弧滑动破坏模式为基础,在考虑框架、锚杆对土体边坡稳定性影响的情况下,基于圆弧滑动条分法的思想利用积分法建立了内部稳定性安全系数计算模型和最危险滑移面搜索模型。确定滑移面圆心坐标为几何控制参数,推导了安全系数计算模型中各变量与滑移面圆心坐标之间的函数关系式,从而获得了滑移面几何控制参数与内部稳定性安全系数之间的函数关系。利用网格法对框架预应力锚杆支护结构最危险滑移面的圆心坐标进行动态搜索和求解。最后采用Matlab语言编制了框架预应力锚杆边坡支护结构的稳定性分析程序,并结合工程实例进行了验算,讨论了此种方法的适用条件,结果表明该方法简明适用,较传统的经验分析方法更加合理。     

高边坡结构可靠度的二次处理有限元分析

本文依据强度折减理论,利用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件,分析计算了高边坡结构的安全系数K,找到边坡滑裂带的位置。在此基础上,对有限元输入数据和输出结果进行二次处理,建立基本随机变量c,f与滑裂带中单元的最大(和最小)主应力σ1(和σ3)的拟合关系f1(和f3),将其代入高边坡结构的功能函数Z中,使Z由隐式形式变为显式。基于该显式表示的Z,利用Monte Carlo法计算滑裂带中所有失效单元的可靠指标β1,并将其单元面积A1作为权重系数,经过加权平均得到边坡结构的整体可靠指标β。上述方法使得结合有限元软件计算边坡结构的整体可靠度得以简化。经实例分析可知,本文提出的方法是合理可行的,可使边坡结构整体可靠性分析得以简化,也可为高边坡结构整体可靠性分析提供理论参考。     

地下工程中的正交有限元分析方法及其应用

介绍了正交有限元试验分析方法的基本思想,并将其应用到地下工程设计方案优化中,得到了许多对工程有意义的结论;用该方法分析了某矿大洞室的锚喷参数优化和地下采场回采方案选取两个实际问题,证明该方法可以应用于处理地下工程设计中的方案优化问题。     

边坡稳定的剪切带计算

为了解决边坡稳定分析中剪切带有限元网格的依赖性问题,采用梯度塑性理论,从本构关系中引入特征长度入手,建立计算模型.提出了一种8节点缩减积分的梯度塑性单元,并采用梯度塑性理论推导了DruckerPrager屈服准则的软化模型的有限元格式,在ABAQUS中进行了二次开发,嵌入了本文提出的8节点单元和本构模型,并用ABAQUS软件进行了边坡剪切带的计算.计算结果表明,本文提出的方法消除了经典有限元计算的网格依赖性问题,可以得到与单元剖分无关的稳定的剪切带宽度.本文所提出的方法可适用于其他场合的剪切带计算.     

基于多元线性回归分析的土坡有限元失稳判据定量研究

塑性区连通程度是有限单元法判别土坡是否达到极限状态的重要依据,鉴于此判据目前尚未取得统一,本文着重对均质土坡失稳判据进行了定量研究。在主要考虑对土坡稳定性影响较大的三大参数(黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ、坡比λ)的前提下,通过经典条分法选取了多组处于极限平衡状态的土坡参数组合,对这些参数组合进行有限元程序计算,求得极限平衡状态下土坡剪切带等效塑性应变中值连通率,再采用多元线性统计回归方法,得出塑性区中值连通率与土坡参数的关系公式y=0.020702c+0.024417φ-0.67898λ+0.46799,从而为土坡有限元稳定性分析提供了定量失稳判据,并且使得有限单元法与经典条分法计算成果具有一定的可比性。算例分析表明,利用本文判据公式得到的安全系数与Bishop法计算成果相吻合,从而验证了失稳判据公式的正确性。     

Rigid finite element and its applications in engineering

Rigid Finite Element Method (RFEM) was proposed to simulate the mechanical behavior of discontinuous structures such as rock and soil structures. The authors' work on the theory and applications of RFEM is summarized in this paper. Based on the theory of RFEM, the Elastic Body-Seams Model (EBSM) is proposed to take the deformation and damage of rock masses into account.     

Interval finite element method and its application on anti-slide stability analysis

The problem of interval correlation results in interval extension is discussed by the relationship of interval-valued functions and real-valued functions. The methods of reducing interval extension are given. Based on the ideas of the paper, the formulas of sub-interval perturbed finite element method based on the elements are given. The sub-interval amount is discussed and the approximate computation formula is given. At the same time, the computational precision is discussed and some measures of improving computational efficiency are given. Finally, based on sub-interval perturbed finite element method and anti-slide stability analysis method, the formula for computing the bounds of stability factor is given. It provides a basis for estimating and evaluating reasonably anti-slide stability of structures.     

Finite cell method compared to h-version finite element method for elasto-plastic problems

The finite cell method （FCM） combines the high-order finite element method （FEM） with the fictitious domain approach for the purpose of simple meshing. In the present study, the FCM is used to the Prandtl-Reuss flow theory of plasticity, and the results are compared with the h-version finite element method （h-FEM）. The numerical results show that the FCM is more efficient compared to the h-FEM for elasto-plastic problems, although the mesh does not conform to the boundary. It is also demonstrated that the FCM performs well for elasto-plastic loading and unloading.     

Parametric study on single shot peening by dimensional analysis method incorporated with finite element method

Shot peening is a widely used surface treatment method by generating compressive residual stress near the surface of metallic materials to increase fatigue life and resistance to corrosion fatigue,cracking,etc.Compressive residual stress and dent profile are important factors to evaluate the effectiveness of shot peening process.In this paper,the influence of dimensionless parameters on maximum compressive residual stress and maximum depth of the dent were investigated.Firstly,dimensionless relations of processing parameters that affect the maximum compressive residual stress and the maximum depth of the dent were deduced by dimensional analysis method.Secondly,the influence of each dimensionless parameter on dimensionless variables was investigated by the finite element method.Furthermore,related empirical formulas were given for each dimensionless parameter based on the simulation results.Finally,comparison was made and good agreement was found between the simulation results and the empirical formula,which shows that a useful approach is provided in this paper for analyzing the influence of each individual parameter.     

Comparative study of rock slope stability analysis methods for hydropower projects

This paper presents a comparative study of methods used for the analysis of the stability of rock slopes for hydropower projects. The comparison concerns the application of the limit equilibrium method, the block element method, and the finite element method on the stability analysis of two hydropower engineering projects in China. The study results show that the limit equilibrium method and the block element method give very close result, while the finite element method gives more conservative safety factor.     

齿轮接触有限元分析

通过接触仿真分析研究了通用接触单元在轮齿变形和接触应力计算中的应用。建立了一对齿轮接触仿真分析的模型,并使用新的接触单元法计算了轮齿变形和接触应力,与赫兹理论比较,同时也计算了摩擦力对接触应力的影响。计算分析了单元离散、几何、边界范围与加载或约束处理方式的误差,建立了一个计算轮齿变形和接触应力的标准,说明了新的接触单元法的精确法、有效性和可靠性。     

Mathematical analysis of EEP method for one-dimensional finite element postprocessing

For a class of two-point boundary value problems, by virtue of one- dimensional projection interpolation, it is proved that the nodal recovery derivative obtained by Yuan's element energy projection (EEP) method has the accuracy O(hmin{2k,k 4}). The theoretical analysis coincides the reported numerical results.     

柱体扭转断裂问题的有限元对偶分析

St Venant扭转问题同样存在J积分对偶积分形式。采用基于最小势能原理的等参元可得J的下降;另一方面,采用基于最小作能原理的平衡元可得J的对偶积分的上限。本文构造了一个性能优越的罚平衡扭转杂交元,计算结果显示其可得到扭转问题应力强度因子的上限。     

Finite element analysis for consolidation in interaction between structure and saturated soil foundation

The consolidation analysis of interaction between structure and saturated soil foundation is discussed. With the use of substructure technique, the structure is condensed onto the interface of the soil, and then the consolidation governing equations to describe the interaction between soil and structure are derived, The solution with non-iterative algorithm is proposed in this paper. The pressure Master-Slave relation method is used to deal with the non-permeability conditions on soil boundaries. A numerical example is illustrated. Based on this paper, the interactive consolidation analysis between large structure and soil has been more practical.     

Some applications of semi-analytical finite element method in static and dynamic analysis of structures

In this paper a kind of semi-analytical finite element method based on the transfer matrix analysis of shells of revolution is briefly formulated. Some recent investigations on its application are presented: (1) a reanalysis algorithm for improving the accuracy of free vibration analysis; (2) a kind of semi-analytical ring element for the stress analysis of a curved pipe of the slender torus shell type.