Large triplet pairing mixing in the FFLO state of spin fluctuation mediated superconductivity in Q1D systems

We study the Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state of spin fluctuation mediated superconductivity and focus on the effect of coexisting charge fluctuations. We find that (i) consecutive transitions from singlet pairing to FFLO and further to S_z=1 triplet pairing can generally take place upon increasing the magnetic field when strong charge fluctuations coexist with spin fluctuations and (ii) the enhancement of the charge fluctuations lead to a significant increase of the parity mixing in the FFLO state, where the triplet/singlet component ratio in the gap function can be close to unity. We propose that such consecutive pairing state transition and strong parity mixing in the FFLO state may take place in a quasi-one-dimensional organic superconductor (TMTSF)₂X.     

On the impact of large amplitude pairing fluctuations on nuclear spectra

The influence of large amplitude pairing fluctuations is investigated in the framework of beyond mean field symmetry conserving configuration mixing calculations. In the numerical application the finite range density dependent Gogny force is used. We investigate the nucleus ⁵⁴Cr with particle number and angular momentum projected wave functions considering the axial quadrupole deformation and the pairing gap degree of freedom as generator coordinates. We find that the effects of the pairing fluctuations increase with the excitation energy and the angular momentum. The self-consistency in the determination of the basis states plays an important role.     

Fluid-dynamical description of the gap fluctuations of two trapped fermion species

We apply a recent generalisation of the fluid-dynamical scheme developed for two trapped fermion species with pairing interactions to examine the fluctuations of the gap density coupled to the particle transition density at low energy. The dynamical scheme satisfies Kohn’s theorem for both the particle density and the pairing gap. We analyse the form of the gap fluctuations in a spherical trap in terms of their multipolarity and the interaction strength, and find that coupling to the particle density produces considerable stiffness of the gap transition density together with compression towards the centre of the trap.     

Pairing symmetry and pairing state in ferropnictides: Theoretical overview

We review the main ingredients for an unconventional pairing state in the ferropnictides, with particular emphasis on interband pairing due to magnetic fluctuations. Summarizing the key experimental prerequisites for such pairing, the electronic structure and nature of magnetic excitations, we discuss the properties of the s^± state that emerges as a likely candidate pairing state for these materials and survey experimental evidence in favor of and against this novel state of matter.     

Superconductivity in charge Kondo systems

We present a theory for superconductivity and charge Kondo fluctuations, i.e., resonant quantum valence fluctuations by two charge units, for Tl-doped PbTe. We show that Tl is very special as it first supplies a certain amount of charge carriers to the PbTe-valence band and then puts itself into a self-tuned resonant state to yield a new, robust pairing mechanism for these carriers.     

Magnetic field effect on the pairing state competition in quasi-one-dimensional organic superconductors (TMTSF)2X

We study the effect of the magnetic field on the pairing state competition in organic conductors (TMTSF)₂X by applying random phase approximation to a quasi-one-dimensional extended Hubbard model. We show that the singlet pairing, triplet pairing and the Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) superconducting states may compete when charge fluctuations coexist with spin fluctuations. This rises a possibility of a consecutive transition from singlet pairing to FFLO state and further to S_z = 1 triplet pairing upon increasing the magnetic field. We also show that the singlet and S_z = 0 triplet components of the gap function in the FFLO state have “d-wave” and “f-wave” forms, respectively, which are strongly mixed.     

Non-fermi liquid and pairing in electron-doped cuprates

We study the normal state and pairing instability in electron-doped cuprates in a model with long-ranged antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations close to an antiferromagnetic quantum-critical point. We show that the fermionic self-energy has a non-Fermi-liquid form leading to peculiar frequency dependencies of the conductivity and the Raman response. We solve the pairing problem and demonstrate that T(c) is determined by the curvature of the Fermi surface, and the pairing gap delta (kappa, omega) is strongly nonmonotonic along the Fermi surface. The normal state frequency dependencies, the value of T(c) is approximately 10 K, and the kappa dependence of the gap agree with the experiment.     

Instabilities in binary mixtures of one-dimensional quantum degenerate gases

We show that one-dimensional binary mixtures of bosons or of a boson and a spin-polarized fermion are Luttinger liquids with the following instabilities: (i) For different particle densities, strong attraction between the mixture components leads to collapse, while strong repulsion leads to demixing, and (ii) For a low-density mixture of two gases of impenetrable bosons (or a spin-polarized fermion and an impenetrable boson) of equal densities, the system develops a gap and exhibits enhanced pairing fluctuations when there is attraction between the components. In the boson-fermion mixture, the pairing fluctuations occur at finite momentum. Our conclusions apply to mixtures both on the continuum and on optical lattices away from integer or fractional commensurability.     

Unconventional superconductivity pairing induced by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in layered organic superconductors

The unconventional character of the superconductivity in organic compounds κ-(ET)₂X is ascribed to an antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation induced pairing. Since the band structure involves two bands (±), we assume that the large amplitude spin fluctuations arise from the band with the best nesting properties (band +), while superconductivity pairing occurs in the other band (-).We show that the nesting properties may mimic either a chemical pressure (deuterization) or a hydrostatic one. Indeed, a change of the nesting ratio t₁/t₂, according to our model, induces a modification of the Fermi surface topology. The spin fluctuations strength in the system is affected and consequently the calculated effective coupling constant of superconductivity for the even-parity singlet pairing channel. Our theory appears to be qualitatively consistent with major experimental reports.     

Non-empirical pairing energy density functional

We perform systematic calculations of pairing gaps in semi-magic nuclei across the nuclear chart using the Energy Density Functional method and a non-empirical pairing functional derived, without further approximation, at lowest order in the two-nucleon vacuum interaction, including the Coulomb force. The correlated single-particle motion is accounted for by the SLy4 semi-empirical functional. Rather unexpectedly, both neutron and proton pairing gaps thus generated are systematically close to experimental data. Such a result further suggests that missing effects, i.e. higher partial waves of the NN interaction, the NNN interaction and the coupling to collective fluctuations, provide an overall contribution that is sub-leading as for generating pairing gaps in nuclei. We find that including the Coulomb interaction is essential as it reduces proton pairing gaps by up to 40%.     

Competing types of order in two-dimensional bose-fermi mixtures

Using a functional renormalization group approach we study the zero temperature phase diagram of two-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixtures of ultracold atoms in optical lattices, in the limit when the velocity of bosonic condensate fluctuations is much larger than the Fermi velocity. For spin-1/2 fermions we obtain a phase diagram, which shows a competition of pairing phases of various orbital symmetry (s, p, and d) and antiferromagnetic order. We determine the value of the gaps of various phases close to half filling, and identify subdominant orders as well as short-range fluctuations from the renormalization group flow. For spinless fermions we find that p-wave pairing dominates the phase diagram.     

Circulating-current phase in the three-band model for two-leg CuO ladders

We calculate circulating-current (CC), charge-density-wave, and d-wave-like pairing (d-SC) correlation functions in the three-band Hubbard model for two-leg CuO ladders using the density-matrix renormalization group method and detect a dominant fluctuation in a wide range of parameter values and hole-doping rates. We find that, for model parameters leading to a realistic ground state in the undoped ladder, the CC fluctuations decay faster than the d-SC correlations at least up to a hole doping of 10%. It means that no phase with CC order or dominant CC fluctuations occur at low doping.     

Superfluidity and dimerization in a multilayered system of fermionic polar molecules

We consider a layered system of fermionic molecules with permanent dipole moments aligned perpendicular to the layers by an external field. The dipole interactions between fermions in adjacent layers are attractive and induce interlayer pairing. Because of the competition for pairing among adjacent layers, the mean-field ground state of the layered system is a dimerized superfluid, with pairing only between every other layer. We construct an effective Ising-XY lattice model that describes the interplay between dimerization and superfluid phase fluctuations. In addition to the dimerized superfluid ground state, and high-temperature normal state, at intermediate temperature, we find an unusual dimerized "pseudogap" state with only short-range phase coherence. We propose light-scattering experiments to detect dimerization.     

Nernst effect and diamagnetism in phase fluctuating superconductors

We study superconducting systems in the regime where superconductivity is destroyed by phase fluctuations. We find that the Nernst effect has a much sharper temperature decay than predicted by Gaussian fluctuations, with an onset temperature that tracks Tc rather than the pairing temperature. We find a close quantitative connection with diamagnetism--the ratio of magnetization to transverse thermoelectric conductivity reaches a fixed value at high temperatures. We interpret measurements on underdoped cuprates in terms of a dilute vortex liquid over a wide temperature range above Tc.     

Spin fluctuations and the superconducting state in doped insulators

We propose a model of electron pairing via spin fluctuations in doped insulators. The bare states for the superconducting condensate correspond to impurity bands in the original band gap of the undoped material. We obtain a complete set of equations for the superconducting state. We show that fermion pairing in impurity bands of extended states is possible, and thus so is superconductivity, if localized spin-0 bosons are produced. The latter are necessarily accompanied by localized spin-1 bosons, which are responsible for the relationship between singlet and triplet pairing channels of quasiparticles. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 1765–1784 (November 1998)     

Superconductivity and spin density waves

In the electron-electron interaction the r-space structure caused by magnetic fluctuations at the phase transition from a nonmagnetic metal to an antiferromagnetic metal gives rise to a d-wave attractive interaction for Cooper pairing. This is a contribution to some total electron-electron interaction which in total may or may not give rise to Cooper pairing and superconductivity.