用于Z箍缩物理实验中光电管与光电倍增管相对灵敏度标定方法

软X光闪烁体功率计(闪烁体光电管系统)是阳加速器及PTS装置上进行Z箍缩实验获取软X光总辐射功率及能量等参数的主要设备,光谱响应灵敏度是这套设备最关键的物理参数。为获取闪烁体功率计系统的光谱响应灵敏度,在北京同步辐射实验室进行了闪烁体与光电倍增管系统的光谱响应灵敏度标定,而要将闪烁体与光电倍增管系统的光谱响应灵敏度转换成Z箍缩实验需要的闪烁体与光电管系统的光谱响应灵敏度,还需要进行光电管与光电倍增管相对灵敏度标定,为此研制了一套光电管与光电倍增管光谱响应灵敏度相对标定系统。应用此系统进行标定实验,得到了光电管与光电倍增管的相对灵敏度,进而推出了功率计系统的光谱响应灵敏度。     

瞬变电磁场模拟中的CPML吸收边界条件

提出用于瞬变电磁法(TEM)模拟的时域有限差分(FDTD)算法中的卷积完全匹配层(CPML)吸收边界条件.首先,在磁场散度方程显式处理条件下,计算磁场z分量时,构造出一种计算时域卷积项的方法,并详细推导计算磁场z分量的表达式.而后,对均匀半空间模型进行数值计算.结果表明,提出的CPML吸收边界条件在保证计算精度的前提下,实现了瞬变电磁法时域有限差分高效正演计算.     

EAST装置的磁探针设计

介绍了EAST装置中磁探针设计中的结构、安装位置、匝面积的标定、幅频响应,并给出了该磁探针的标定误差和Mirnov线圈幅频响应特征图。两轮EAST放电试验表明,电磁测量的信号满足装置运行和等离子体控制的需要。     

EMD算法在低温超导瞬变电磁噪声抑制中的应用

瞬变电磁信号具有较宽的频谱,为使得超导瞬变电磁信号的接收不产生失真,要求接收信号的超导传感器具有足够高的带宽(100kHz以上),而接收高带宽信号会导致信号的噪声峰峰值变大,传统的滤波(模拟、数字)方法易造成衰减曲线畸变.基于数据驱动的经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)算法能够根据信号本身特性对其进行信号分解和分量选择,具有自适应和不产生波形畸变的特点.本文采用EMD算法分别对数值模拟和野外实测的超导瞬变电磁信号进行EMD滤波处理和分析,结果表明,EMD可以显著压制瞬变电磁信号衰减曲线中的宽频带噪声且波形无畸变.经过EMD滤波的超导瞬变电磁与原始信号相比,信号衰减时间显著延长(从5ms延长至50ms),表明EMD算法能够极大提高瞬变电磁方法对地下深部信息的探测能力.     

汽车发动机转速传感器瞬变脉冲敏感性研究

为了研究瞬变脉冲下汽车发动机转速传感器的电磁敏感性,根据转速传感器功能与电磁效应现象提出了其电磁敏感度门限判定依据。以霍尔式转速传感器为研究对象,搭建转速测试平台,采用瞬变脉冲注入方式,分别测试了不同注入端口和不同脉冲重复频率条件下转速传感器的敏感度。试验结果表明:在瞬变脉冲干扰下,转速传感器性能降级具有随机性,失效概率符合正态分布累积分布函数;从电源线注入时传感器敏感度门限明显低于从信号线注入的情况,失效带宽也更窄;随着脉冲重复频率的增大,传感器的敏感度逐渐降低,最终趋于稳定。     

探测器光谱响应对光谱仪器波长标定中谱峰位置的影响

一般光电探测器的光谱响应是随波长变化的,这在光谱仪器进行波长标定的过程中,可能会改变标定谱线峰值所在的位置,从而影响标定结果的准确度。为此,针对采用阵列探测器的光谱仪器,建立了以高斯线型为标定谱线轮廓的模型,分析了谱线在探测器上经光谱响应调制及积分抽样后峰值位置发生移动的情况,给出了保证在峰值位置不偏移的情况下探测器光谱响应需满足的条件,特别给出了当仪器分光元件为光栅时,在该条件下结合仪器参数的表达式。为保证光谱仪器波长标定的准确度,在仪器设计阶段,可应用此条件选择适宜的探测器;在仪器应用阶段,亦可根据实际探测器参数,应用此条件选择适宜用于标定过程的谱线。     

一种高功率三平板传输线电压测量探头的设计

 为测量高功率水介质三平板传输线的电压,设计、标定了一种D-dot探头,安装在三平板线的入口和出口处,探头感应脉冲电压的微分信号。探头与基座之间的绝缘层为浇注的环氧树脂,可以在满足密封去离子水的要求下,使探头对地电容较小,从而获得良好的高频响应。利用ANSYS对探头结构进行了优化设计,使三相点位置的电场强度得到有效降低。使用经线下标定过的电阻分压器进行标定。实验中采用电容器放电,用一段高压电缆作为脉冲形成线获得逐级上升的快前沿（约70 ns）电压脉冲,并将之作为标定信号源,标定得到三平板线入口、出口探头的灵敏度分别为386 kV/V和402 kV/V。探头测量结果与电路模拟结果一致。在三平板线耐压实验中,板线出口电压达到了3.1 MV,探头的绝缘结构设计能够满足要求。实验结果表明该探头适合高功率三平板传输线电压的测量。     

基于定点旋转的显微三维数字图像相关系统标定方法

显微三维数字图像相关系统中体视显微镜景深小,光路复杂,宏观标定方法不适用于该系统。针对此问题,提出一种适用于显微立体视觉的定点旋转标定方法。基于体视显微镜放大倍率与景深的关系,建立数学模型,得到标定板与XY平面间的最大夹角,设计定点旋转平台对标定板进行旋转标定,通过系列实验对标定参数进行优化,得出使标定参数整体误差最小的夹角。标定结果表明,主点坐标误差不超过1.8pixel,Z分量相对平移向量的最大偏差值小于0.15mm,姿态数为10或10以上时标定结果趋于稳定。借助于精密位移台对标定结果进行了精度验证,结果表明采用所提方法标定后位移测量的平均相对误差为2.2%,平均均方差为0.36μm。     

基于Ar分支比方法的光谱强度响应效率标定研究

利用Nd∶YAG激光器输出的1 064 nm激光在大气压环境中产生了Ar等离子体,测量了Ar等离子体的发射光谱,从Ar等离子体发射光谱中筛选出了来自Ar Ⅰ和Ar Ⅱ 15个上能级的35条跃迁谱线,基于分支比方法计算了光谱仪的辐射强度响应效率标定系数。此外,利用氘灯和卤钨灯标准光源,对光谱仪辐射强度响应效率进行了标定,得到了针对不同光栅的光谱仪的辐射效率标定系数。用分支比方法获得的辐射强度响应效率标定系数与标准光源得到辐射强度响应效率标定系数具有较好的一致性,其最大相对误差为5.4%。该研究的标定方法可以为一些大型聚变装置的光谱测量的在线标定提供借鉴和参考。     

一种用于Z箍缩实验的软X射线成像系统

基于塑料闪烁体转换和光学条纹相机的方法建立了一套用于Z箍缩实验中的软X射线条纹图像诊断系统,解决了以往实验中使用的X射线条纹相机易被电磁环境干扰以及相机电极部件易被实验产生的高速粒子损伤的问题.诊断系统的光谱响应范围主要集中在0.2-10 keV,系统的空间分辨率经过理论评估小于120μm,通过标定闪烁体对X射线的时间响应特性给出了系统的时间分辨率约为1 ns.诊断系统拍摄到了铝丝阵内爆等离子体的一维空间和时间分辨的X射线条纹图像,给出了等离子体的内爆一致性和辐射均匀性等特征信息.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.