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1.
We present a case report of a urethral diverticulum where magnetic resonance imaging suggested infected contents of the urethral diverticulum besides providing superb detail of periurethral anatomy. The critical clinical question was answered.  相似文献   

2.
A rotating phantom for the study of flow effects in MR imaging   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
A common type of phantom used for the study of flow effects in MR imaging is the tube phantom, where a liquid passes through a set of tubes placed in the main magnetic field of an MR scanner. Among the disadvantages with this type of phantom are that a distribution of velocities is present in each tube, and that quantifications of flow effects using tube phantoms may be very time-consuming. In this work, we describe the design and the properties of a rotating wheel flow phantom used for quantification of the effects of flow through the imaging plane as well as in the imaging plane. The proposed phantom is constructed as a rotating gel-filled wheel, surrounded by static volumes filled with the same gel, and the evaluation of the information from rotating and static parts is made with a specially designed computer program. The phantom can be used as a plug flow phantom covering simultaneously an interchangeable velocity interval, which at present has the range −52 mm/s, +52 mm/s. It is shown that the phantom gives adequate information on the dependence of pixel content on first-order motion in MR modulus and phase images. Among the fields of application are rapid calibration of MR imaging units for flow determination using phase information, as well as testing of pulse sequence characteristics and verification of theoretical predictions concerning the flow dependence in MR images.  相似文献   

3.
Evaluation of the muscular system with magnetic resonance (MR) was conducted: (1) to assess the capability of MR to depict muscular abnormalities; (2) to evaluate the ability of MR to discriminate between various types of muscular pathologies based on relaxation parameters; and (3) to determine the optimal spin echo (SE) sequence that produced optimal contrast. Retrospective analysis was performed on 59 consecutive patients with a variety of muscular abnormalities. MR muscle analysis included visual inspection of contour and size; muscle intensity changes in relation to various TR/TE combinations; measurement of T1 and T2 relaxation and spin density; and calculation of percent contrast variation with different SE imaging combinations. Contour and size abnormalities were not reliable for detection of muscular pathology. For each individual subject intensity and relaxation times of all muscles involved by pathology differed from normal muscle. Although all pathologies caused increase in signal intensity of muscle, the alterations in relaxation times were variable. Fatty atrophy caused a decrease in T1 and increase in T2; while post-surgical changes, infection, acute intramuscular hemorrhage, and tumor invasion caused an increase in both T1 and T2. Percent contrast indicated that the optimum sequence for evaluation of fatty atrophy was a short (0.5 sec) repetition time (TR) and echo delay time (TE) of 56 msec, while for demonstration of the remaining muscular abnormalities, including post-surgical changes, infection, acute intramuscular hemorrhage, and tumor invasion, a long TR (TR = 2.0 sec) and TE (56 msec) was optimal. Differentiation between various benign and malignant muscular abnormalities (excluding fatty atrophy) was not possible using either quantitative intensity values or relaxation times.  相似文献   

4.
A flow velocity zeugmatographic interlace for NMR imaging in humans   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
We describe a flow sensitizing zeugmatographic phase-modulation interlace for NMR-imaging which is exactly analogous to Lauterbur's spatial-location-sensitizing magnetic field gradients. The method may be implemented by minor modification of any NMR-imaging scanner without interfering with its conventional operation, and enables up to 6-D imaging of the joint (spatial-flow) density of spins Δ(r,v). In a special simplification, specific-flow-density, 〈v(r)〉, and flow-current-specific-flow-density, ?0(r)〈v, derive directly from “real” and “imaginary” parts of the image reconstruction.  相似文献   

5.
Computed tomography (with and without contrast enhancement) provides excellent diagnostic accuracy for the evaluation of the chest. Oblique (55°) and anteroposterior hilar tomography is accurate for the evaluation of hilar nodes and masses. Magnetic resonance techniques provide excellent differentiation of vascular and nonvascular structures and therefore should be useful in the hilum and mediastinum. Magnetic resonance imaging was used in 55 patients with known pathologic conditions in the mediastinum, hilum, and lungs to determine the accuracy and efficacy of this technique compared with computed and hilar tomography. The pathologic conditions included primary and metastatic neoplasms, benign masses, vascular abnormalities, and pulmonary nodules and infiltrates. Spatial resolution with magnetic resonance imaging is less than with computed tomography with our instrument (0.15 T resistive magnet). However, in the hilum and mediastinum, magnetic resonance imaging provided diagnostic information equal to that of computed tomography with contrast in 90% of patients. Vascular and nonvascular structures were more easily differentiated than with hilar tomography. Computed tomography was far superior in the evaluation of multiple pulmonary nodules. Lesions of the chest wall were better seen with magnetic resonance imaging because of the improved soft tissue contrast.  相似文献   

6.
MRI techniques have been used to describe velum opening of French vowels. Data based on 18 joined axial slices of 4 mm thickness were recorded with four subjects. Differences in velum opening are calculated from areas measured in the tract between the lowered velum and the back pharynx wall. Results show that for all subjects, the back vowel / / has the smallest opening, while some variations are observed for the other vowels.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles on magnetic resonance myocardial signal intensity was examined in order to define the ability of this agent to identify normal, ischemic, and reperfused myocardium. Data were obtained from 6 normal rats (group 1) and from 6 heterotopic isogenic rat heart transplants (group 2) at 4.7 T with a multislice spin-echo sequence. Images were acquired in (a) normal rats before and after the infusion of 36 μmol Fe/kg of AMI-25 (group 1) and (b) rat heart transplants during control, global myocardial ischemia (before and after the injection of 72 μmol Fe/kg of AMI-25), and following reperfusion (group 2). Myocardial signal intensity decreased by 36 ± 4%, p < 0.001, following contrast infusion in normal hearts (group 1). The intensity remained constant in the rat heart transplants (group 2) during coronary occlusion, both before and after the infusion of AMI-25 and decreased by 61 ± 7%, p < 0.001, upon reperfusion. The larger effect of AMI-25 in reperfused as compared to normal myocardium suggests the presence of ischemia-induced hyperemia. There was no significant difference (analysis of variance) among intensities from different myocardial regions in either group at any stage of the experiment. We conclude that the use of AMI-25 permits identification of normal, ischemic, and reperfused myocardium and may therefore be helpful for the early detection of reperfusion following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.  相似文献   

8.
The development of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (P-C MRI) provides a noninvasive method for measurement of volumetric blood flow (VFR). We performed P-C MRI to study the effects of physical characteristics on cerebral blood flow. VFR of the left and right internal carotid arteries and basilar artery were measured using P-C MRI and total cerebral blood flow (tCBF) was calculated by summing up the VFR values in the three vessels. Moreover, we investigated the changes in these blood flows as influenced by age, head size, height, weight, body surface area, and handedness. The blood flows were 142 ± 58 ml/min (mean ± standard deviation) in the basilar artery; and 229 ± 86 ml/min in the left, and 223 ± 58 ml/min in the right internal carotid artery; and tCBF was 617 ± 128 ml/min. Significant increases were observed in head size-related change of VFR in the basilar artery (p = .028) and height-related change of tCBF (p = .045). The other characteristics did not significantly influence any VFR. The results suggest that head size and height may reflect CBF, and that these effects should be considered when changes of CBF are diagnosed. Phase-contrast MRI is useful for a noninvasive and rapid analysis of cerebral VFR and has potential for clinical use.  相似文献   

9.
Single-phase liquid flow in porous media such as bead packs and model fixed bed reactors has been well studied by MRI. To some extent this early work represents the necessary preliminary research to address the more challenging problem of two-phase flow of gas and liquid within these systems. In this paper, we present images of both the gas and liquid velocities during stable liquid–gas flow of water and SF6 within a packing of 5 mm spheres contained within columns of diameter 40 and 27 mm; images being acquired using 1H and 19F observation for the water and SF6, respectively. Liquid and gas flow rates calculated from the velocity images are in agreement with macroscopic flow rate measurements to within 7% and 5%, respectively. In addition to the information obtained directly from these images, the ability to measure liquid and gas flow fields within the same sample environment will enable us to explore the validity of assumptions used in numerical modelling of two-phase flows.  相似文献   

10.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis is generally considered to be most beneficial in those cases where the pelvic sonogram is limited or equivocal. All cases that underwent both sonographic and MRI examinations at our institution for the evaluation of the female pelvis in the past two years were retrospectively reviewed. We reviewed the sonographic and MRI reports and the subsequent clinical management in the 41 cases that had both studies to assess whether MRI contributed to the clinical management decision. Both studies were interpreted independently based upon the known clinical and laboratory data available at the time. MRI was obtained in 21 cases because the sonogram was suboptimal or inconclusive. In the other 20 cases it was obtained for additional information, even though the sonogram was diagnostic. Of the 21 inconclusive sonographic studies, MRI established or clarified the diagnosis in all cases. Of the 20 studies where MRI was obtained for additional information, MRI added useful data that helped contribute to the clinical management of 11 patients. MRI is an important adjunct to pelvic sonography. It established, clarified, or added significant data in 78% of cases.  相似文献   

11.
12.
Renal cortical and medullary spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times were measured at various time points over a period of 56 days following the administration of a single i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide (BEA), 200 mg/kg hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) or 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) to male Wistar rats. Administration of a single injection of HCBD caused a dramatic, immediate rise in the cortical T1 values above control values, and these levels remained elevated until, by Day 28 postinjection the levels were back to control values. Administration of BEA also caused an elevation in cortical T1 values, but in this case these values remained above control values for the rest of the study. The administration of PAN did not produce any significant increases in cortical T1 values until 14 days postinjection. The elevated T1 values remained above control values for the rest of the study. These increases observed in cortical T1 values appeared to be mirrored by decreases in medullary T1 values. Increases in cortical T1 values were accompanied by visual changes in the NMR images and enlargement of the kidneys. The histological findings were consistent with the NMR data, confirming that morphologically the tissues did show a full recovery by Day 28 in the HCBD-treated animals. This was not the case following injection of both BEA and PAN, where necrosis was not reversible and there was no recovery of the tissues.  相似文献   

13.
Wireless retrospective gating: Application to cine cardiac imaging   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A new “wireless” method of cardiac imaging is introduced, which, unlike ECG triggering, allows imaging the heart at end-diastole, and greatly reduces smearing artifacts in the phase-encoding direction. It is an improvement over ECG-driven retrospective gating, in that patients with poor ECGs can be imaged. This method extends the applicability of cardiac imaging, and since it requires no physiological monitoring hardware, can be implemented easily on any MR imager. The images produced by this method are superior to those from ECG triggering, especially when viewed in a “cine” loop. The technique described herein is, furthermore, extendable to any area where periodic or quasi-periodic motion is a problem.  相似文献   

14.
Sodium-23 magnetic resonance imaging can be used to detect and assess experimental cerebral ischemia in the rat. An imaging technique utilizing a surface coil is described to produce sodium magnetic resonance images of good quality and resolution within 10 min. A novel method of hemispheric occlusion showed edema in the right brain of the rat head within 3 hr after injury. The edema was especially pronounced by 12 hr with effects in the right brain, eye and surrounding muscle evident.  相似文献   

15.
Twenty-seven patients with soft-tissue tumors were examined with a Picker 0.15-tesla resistive magnet and by computed tomography (CT). In all but one patient, MRI was better than or equal to CT in defining the anatomic extent of the tumor. We could determine whether major vascular structures were engulfed by the tumor in 80% of the MRI examinations but only in 62% of the CT scans. MRI and CT were equally effective in determining the presence or absence of bony invasion. The MRI images of all the tumors showed increased signal intensity relative to normal muscle when spin-echo (SE) sulse sequences with long repeat times were used (SE: echo time [TE], 60 ms; repetition time [TR], 2,000 ms). When T1 weighted pulse sequences were used (SE: TE, 30 ms; TR, 500 ms or inversion recovery: inversion time, 500 ms; TE, 40 ms; TR, 2,000 ms) the malignant tumors showed decreased signal intensity compared to normal muscle. Only lipomas showed high signal intensity on both T1 and T2 weighted pulse sequences.  相似文献   

16.
The cerebral involvement of a 13-yr-old boy with Wilson's disease was serially evaluated during the first 18 mo of D-penicillamine treatment. An ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI) system, operating at 0.02 T, with computerized image processing was used. The half-yr period prior to the clinical diagnosis was set, the patient had showed poor school performance, emotional lability, deteriorating handwriting, progressively slow, gross, and fine motor functions, and a fixed rigid smile. No overt signs of liver disease were found. With D-penicillamine treatment (1–1.5 g/d) a continuous improvement was seen. The pretreatment MRI investigation showed pronounced pathological transformation in the basal ganglia. However, changes were seen also in most other parts of the brain indicating diffuse involvement. During treatment the computerized MR images became gradually more normal. The current magnetic resonance imaging system with computerized image processing is a sensitive and simple method for evaluation of subtle parenchymal changes of the brain.  相似文献   

17.
A total of 63 cardiac lipomas have been reported to date. Although most of these rare tumors cause no symptoms, a few can have a detrimental effect on myocardial function as well as displacing and encasing the coronary arteries. This case of a cardiac lipoma was initially seen in 1982. The lipoma was found to be nonresectable at surgery due to involvement of the coronary arteries. This neoplasm was characterized with magnetic resonance imaging in 1989 on a follow-up visit. Magnetic resonance imaging is shown to be superior to computed tomography for identifying the relationship of the lipoma to the coronary arteries. This is a significant factor in determining resectability.  相似文献   

18.
Fifty-four independent scans were performed in two volunteers covering one anatomic region in each (the brain and knee) with the purpose of ascertaining the agreement between predicted and measured signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Systematically varied parameters were number of excitations (NEX), field of view (FOV), section thickness (dz), and the number of phase-encoding steps (Ny). Correlation coefficients of measured versus predicted SNR were 0.82 and 0.86, respectively, in the anatomies studied. Significantly improved correlations were found for data subpopulations in which NEX was held constant. To assess the criteria guiding reader preference, a blinded study was performed in which radiologists were asked to rate images from least to most desirable. In order to quantitatively determine the criteria for reader preference, plots of mean rating versus SNR, voxel volume, and an image quality index [IQI = SNR/(voxel volume)] were performed. The latter was found to be a better predictor of reader preference than either SNR or spatial resolution alone. The data suggests T1-weighted scan protocols yielding SNR of approximately 20 are preferable with any excess SNR being traded for smaller voxel size or shorter scan times.  相似文献   

19.
Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have had an important impact on the decision-making process leading to surgical resection for chronic seizures. The MRI is now obtained relatively early in the work-up, and, when it shows abnormality, it assumes a crucial role in the detection of specific surgically remediable syndromes. These syndromes, when diagnosed by MR and other confirmatory studies such as electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and neuropsychological testing, define the essential part of the surgical plan; that is, removal of the disease substrate. The availability of a host of MR techniques enable us to investigate epilepsy not only as a structural pathology but as physiological pathology reflected in abnormal blood flow, metabolism, and synaptic transmission. The mainstay of surgical treatment is the removal of the anatomic pathology, but other MR techniques may be helpful in the delineation of dual pathology in lesional cases, in appreciation of the full extent of microscopic pathology in developmental lesions, and in the imposition of restrictions on the resection based upon functional mapping. Finally, functional and anatomic maps obtained preoperatively can be related directly to the spatial coordinates of the exposed brain in the operating room using MRI-based frameless stereotactic methods. The final outcome, then, is the removal of the disease substrate without injury to adjacent, functionally salient cortical regions.  相似文献   

20.
A new pulse sequence designed for magnetic resonance imaging of the entire thoracic cavity is described. This sequence, called 3DPAUSE, is a rapid three-dimensional Fourier transform (3DFT) sequence with periodic pauses for breathing and additional rf pulses after each pause to restore the magnetization to steady-state before data acquisition resumes. Cardiac motion artifacts are effectively removed by signal averaging. Respiratory motion artifacts are removed by breath hold. Image artifacts caused by an inadequate number of pauses or by inappropriate placement of the pauses within a scan are shown, and ways to avoid these artifacts are discussed. 3DPAUSE provides the ability to acquire three-dimensional arrays in the thoracic cavity with minimal artifacts from respiratory and cardiac motions in a clinically reasonable time.  相似文献   

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