硅烷接枝聚乙烯储存稳定性的研究

利用熔体流动速率测定仪进行了硅烷接枝聚乙烯的水解缩合交联反应的加速试验,发现该反应对水分浓度为一级反应,反应的表现活化能４２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,由此可推算Ａ组份的保存期。当催化剂存在时,水解缩合反应明显加快,这时的表观活化能降到２０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

硅烷气相接枝水解交联聚丙烯

硅烷气相接枝水解交联聚丙烯;聚丙烯;气相接枝;硅烷交联     

细胞色素bc1复合物结晶的偏振拉曼光谱研究

本文报道了用５１４．５ｎｍ和４１３．１ｎｍ激光激发的细胞色素ｂｃ１复合结日 的偏振显微共振拉曼光谱和用１０６４ｎｍ激光激发的近红外傅里叶变换偏振拉曼光谱,已观察到不同结晶取向和偏振的影响。结果表明,这些取向排列和偏振的影响和分子的对称性质和结晶的三维结构有关。综可能随着三维结构中子单元和的中心的部位不同而改变,其对称性的不同与三不对称排列有关,也可归因子蛋白南环境电学上的不对称性。     

基于拉曼光谱的细菌检测研究进展

细菌是一种与人类生命活动息息相关的微生物,其快速、高灵敏检测对重大传染性疾病的防控至关重要.本文介绍了拉曼光谱用于细菌检测的基本原理,综述了3种拉曼光谱用于细菌检测的主要方式,包括细菌组成成分检测、细菌代谢物检测以及基于拉曼探针标记的检测模式,并对各种拉曼检测方法进行了分析比较.最后,展望了拉曼光谱在细菌检测领域的发展前景,并提出了5条建议.     

拉曼光谱在催化研究中应用的进展

催化科学与技术的发展与催化研究方法的发展是密不可分的。特别是在催化新材料和新反应的不断探索过程中 ,催化新表征技术起着很重要的作用。在过去的几十年中 ,特别是自 6 0年代以来 ,催化研究领域发展了一系列催化研究的新方法 ,几乎利用了现代科学发展所派生出来的所有新技术 ,包括基于光 ,声、电、磁 ,电子、原子、离子和热的原理所研制出的现代物理技术。拉曼光谱是一项重要的现代分子光谱技术 ,被广泛应用于化学、物理和生物科学等诸多学科领域 ,是研究物质分子结构的有力工具。 70年代起拉曼光谱被应用于催化领域的研究 ,在担载型金…     

原位拉曼光谱技术用于反应和结晶控制研究进展

随着高分辨光谱技术和原位技术的发展,原位拉曼光谱的研制促进一系列原位微观物理化学行为及机理的研究,对材料的设计和应用有着重要意义.本文从拉曼光谱的原理及拉曼信号的影响因素出发,概述原位拉曼光谱技术用于反应和结晶控制的具体实例,总结原位拉曼光谱在化学反应和溶液结晶中晶体多态性、中间体和产物微观结构、化学键合模式等方面的研究进展,为研究反应及结晶机理提供重要线索,并对原位拉曼光谱技术的发展趋势进行了预测.     

测定聚丁二烯微结构的拉曼光谱方法

本文采用聚丁二烯中碳碳双键伸缩振动的拉曼散射峰1667、1652和1639cm~(-1)分别作为反1,4、顺1,4和1,2结构的分析峰,借助于1H-NMR测得的典型样品的1,2结构含量,建立了测定聚丁二烯微结构的拉曼光谱方法。用本方法测定了27个微结构组成大范围变化的样品,与1H-NMR的测定结果相符。     

拉曼光谱技术在色谱分析检测中的应用

讨论了色谱分离与拉曼光谱检测的联用技术。表面增强拉曼光谱技术和紫外共振拉曼光谱技术克服了常规拉曼光谱技术所固有的灵敏度低的问题,所设计的与液相色谱联用的装置可以获取色谱柱流出液的拉曼光谱。评价了联用装置的重现性、动态范围和分析潜力,发现表面增强拉曼光谱仪和紫外共振拉曼光谱仪都可以作为薄层色谱、液相色谱法的检测器,可提供待测组分的结构信息,其灵敏度和其它常用检测器相似。     

针尖增强拉曼光谱应用于单分子研究的进展

拉曼光谱因可表征物质的化学信息而被广泛应用,特别是表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)能够在单分子水平研究物质的化学结构信息,但SERS技术对基底粗糙度要求较高,无法获得令人满意的空间分辨率。扫描探针显微技术的出现使在原子水平研究物质的形貌成为可能,但该方法不能同时获得原子/分子的化学信息。针尖增强拉曼光谱(TERS)技术则集两者于一身,已被广泛用于物质的单分子物理化学性质的研究。本文在回顾TERS及相关技术发展的基础上,介绍了TERS技术的原理及性能,简述了TERS技术用于单分子研究的部分典型结果,并展望了该技术的发展前景。     

拉曼光谱在分析化学中的应用进展

评述了各种拉曼技术在分析化学方面的应用进展,涉及到的拉曼光谱技术有常规拉曼光谱、常规共振拉曼光谱、表面增强拉曼光谱、表面增强共振拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换表面增强拉曼光谱及其联用技术。共引用９１篇文献。     

Multiphase‐Separated Polyurethanes Studied by Micro‐Raman Spectroscopy

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the chemical micro‐heterogeneity of multiphase‐separated poly(ether urethanes) (PETU). Analysis of PETU cross‐sections by means of micro‐Raman spectroscopy revealed the nearly complete absence of soft segments in AI aggregates (called globules). These aggregates are in the order of a few micrometers in size. The composition of the matrix and the AII aggregates (spherulites) was comparable.

Example of an AFM image (sample 706, scan size 25 μm, converted to monochromatic image).     

Crystallite Nanosize Effect on the Structural Transitions of WO3 Studied by Raman Spectroscopy

Nanocrystallites of tungsten oxide samples of 2, 4, 16, 35 and 60 nm of diameter were prepared by cryosol and pyrosol techniques. The pressure- and temperature-induced phase transitions of these samples were monitored by Raman spectrometry from 0.1 MPa to 34 GPa and from 77 to 1200 K. The tetragonal (α)-orthorhombic (β)-monoclinic (γ) transitions in these nanometric samples are strongly downshifted in temperature by comparison with the bulk WO₃. For instance, the tetragonal phase which exists above 1171 K for the bulk tungsten oxide can be stabilized at 700 K for the 35 nm sample. In the same way, the monoclinic P2₁/n-monoclinic P2₁/c high-pressure-induced transition is slightly shifted from 0.1 GPa to a higher pressure (1.5 GPa). The discussion of these transition-line shifts is based on thermodynamic considerations in which the surface energy of crystallites plays an important role.     

Chemical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy

Raman spectorscopy is—like infrared spectroscopy—a method for the study of vibrations of molecules and crystals. The two methods are complementary: if a vibration results in a change of the polarizability of a molecule, it is Raman active; if a change in the molecular dipole moment results, it is infrared active Vibrations of nonpolar groups and totally symmetrical vibrations of molecules are often only Raman active. IR and Raman spectra together give information about the symmetries and structures of molecules and crystals and about the properties of chemical bonds and intermolecular interactions. Until about 10 years ago Raman spectra could only be recorded on relatively large amounts of essentially colorless substances. After the advent of laser light sources the situation changed completely. The amount of sample substance required is now in the region of milli- and micrograms. Gases, liquids and solid samples, especially air-sensitive and reactive substances, single crystals, crystal needles and filaments as well as aqueous solutions can be readily investigated. The identification of molecules and the elucidation of molecular structures, biochemical analysis, and control of evnivornmental pollution are important aplications of Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy now constitutes an additional powerful tool in instrumental analysis     

用拉曼光谱研究T800级碳纤维的均质化程度

提出了一种用于拉曼光谱测试的碳纤维截面和剖面样品的制备方法,采用拉曼光谱分别对国产JHT55、P278F和日本东丽T800S碳纤维的截面和剖面做成像扫描,通过比较碳纤维在各个维度上的石墨化程度,系统分析了其径向、轴向以及赤道方向的均一化程度。结果表明,3种T800级碳纤维均存在皮芯结构,轴向、赤道方向也有一定程度的不均匀性,东丽T800S整体的均一化程度远优于两种国产碳纤维。高度均质化是东丽T800S性能优于国产T800级碳纤维的重要原因。     

Covalent Reactions on Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Graphene Studied by Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Graphene is a material of unmatched properties and eminent potential in disciplines ranging from physics, to chemistry, to biology. Its advancement to applications with a specific function requires rational design and fine tuning of its properties, and covalent introduction of various substituents answers this requirement. We challenged the obstacle of non‐trivial and harsh procedures for covalent functionalization of pristine graphene and developed a protocol for mild nucleophilic introduction of organic groups in the gas phase. The painstaking analysis problem of monolayered materials was addressed by using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which allowed us to monitor and characterize in detail the surface composition. These deliverables provide a toolbox for reactivity of fluorinated graphene under mild reaction conditions, providing structural freedom of the species to‐be‐grafted to the single‐layer graphene.     

银表面罗丹明6G的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱研究

罗丹明6G（Rhodamine 6G,R6G）是单分子表面增强拉曼光谱（SM-SERS）研究中最常用的探针分子之一,对R6G分子在表面吸附行为的研究有助于了解R6G分子和表面的相互作用. 本文应用电化学和电化学表面增强拉曼光谱技术,研究不同电位下R6G的银电极表面的吸附行为. 结果表明,随着电位负移罗丹明6G在银表面上从垂直吸附转为倾斜吸附,该变化和碱性条件下吸附于金纳米粒子上R6G的吸附构象一致. 这说明,在部分单分子实验中所发现的R6G反常光谱其来源是单个R6G分子在表面吸附取向变化. 本研究对后续详细分析SM-SERS研究中单分子SERS谱峰变化的机制有一定的参考价值.     

时间分辨拉曼光谱研究一氧化氮与肌红蛋白的结合过程

纳秒瞬态拉曼光谱技术是研究分子结构变化超快动态过程的重要实验手段之一.而肌红蛋白(Mb)与小分子配体的结合过程一直是人们研究的焦点.本文旨在利用纳秒瞬态拉曼光谱技术研究小分子配体NO与肌红蛋白结合的动力学过程.通过考察MbNO光解后产物脱氧肌红蛋白(DeoxyMb)与反应物MbNO的ν4特征振动峰的强度比值随激光激发功率的变化,阐述了利用纳秒瞬态拉曼光谱技术研究MbNO体系中NO与DeoxyMb结合过程的可行性.利用纳秒瞬态拉曼光谱技术,获得了与皮秒时间分辨拉曼和皮秒时间分辨吸收相一致的结合动力学实验结果.为研究其它复杂体系的超快结合动力学过程提供了一种新的思路.     

表面增强拉曼光谱:应用和发展

表面增强拉曼光谱技术(Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SERS)是一种具有超高灵敏度的指纹光谱技术,目前已广泛应用于表面科学、材料科学、生物医学、药物分析、食品安全、环境检测等领域,是一种极具潜力的痕量分析技术。 本文对SERS技术及相关的针尖增强拉曼光谱(Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,TERS),壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱(Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SHINERS)技术的发展及应用进行了综合评述,并探讨了其未来的研究热点及发展方向。     

Determination of Lactose in Milk by Raman Spectroscopy

A Raman spectroscopy-based approach was developed for the rapid determination of lactose in milk using crystal violet as an internal standard. The crystal violet peak at 1173 reciprocal centimeters did not interfere with the lactose peak at 1085 reciprocal centimeters; therefore, crystal violet can be used to quantify lactose in milk. This developed method allowed the determination of lactose from 0.028–0.1 mole per liter, with a limit of detection of 0.019 mole per liter. The results revealed that Raman spectroscopy is a simple and rapid method for the determination of lactose in milk.