Charmed-meson decay constants in three-flavor lattice QCD

We present the first lattice QCD calculation with realistic sea quark content of the D+-meson decay constant f(D+). We use the MILC Collaboration's publicly available ensembles of lattice gauge fields, which have a quark sea with two flavors (up and down) much lighter than a third (strange). We obtain f(D+)=201+/-3+/-17 MeV, where the errors are statistical and a combination of systematic errors. We also obtain f(Ds)=249+/-3+/-16 MeV for the Ds meson.     

Precision determination of r₀ΛMS from the QCD static energy

We use the recently obtained theoretical expression for the complete QCD static energy at next-to-next-to-next-to leading-logarithmic accuracy to determine r?ΛMS by comparison with available lattice data, where r? is the lattice scale and ΛMS is the QCD scale. We obtain r?ΛMS=0.637(+0.032)(-0.030) [corrected] for the zero-flavor case. The procedure we describe can be directly used to obtain r?ΛMS in the unquenched case, when unquenched lattice data for the static energy at short distances becomes available. Using the value of the strong coupling α(s) as an input, the unquenched result would provide a determination of the lattice scale r?.     

Two-flavor QCD correction to lepton magnetic moments at leading order in the electromagnetic coupling

We present a reliable nonperturbative calculation of the QCD correction, at leading order in the electromagnetic coupling, to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, muon, and tau leptons using two-flavor lattice QCD. We use multiple lattice spacings, multiple volumes, and a broad range of quark masses to control the continuum, infinite-volume, and chiral limits. We examine the impact of the commonly ignored disconnected diagrams and introduce a modification to the previously used method that results in a well-controlled lattice calculation. We obtain 1.513(43)×10(-12), 5.72(16)×10(-8), and 2.650(54)×10(-6) for the leading-order two-flavor QCD correction to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, muon, and tau, respectively, each accurate to better than 3%.     

Optical lattice trapping of 199Hg and determination of the magic wavelength for the ultraviolet 1S(0)↔3P(0) clock transition

We report on the Lamb-Dicke spectroscopy of the doubly forbidden (6s(2))(1)S(0)?(6s6p)(3)P(0) transition in (199)Hg atoms confined to a vertical 1D optical lattice. With lattice trapping of ?10(3) atoms and a 265.6 nm probe laser linked to the LNE-SYRTE primary frequency reference we have determined the center frequency of the transition for a range of lattice wavelengths and at two lattice trap depths. We find the Stark-free (magic) wavelength to be 362.53(0.21) nm-essential knowledge for future use of this line in a clock with anticipated 10(-18) range accuracy. We also present evidence of the laser excitation of a Wannier-Stark ladder of states in a lattice of well depth 10E(R).     

Near integrability of kink lattice with higher order interactions

We make use of Manton's analytical method to investigate the force between kinks and anti-kinks at large distances in 1+1 dimensional field theory.The related potential has infinite order corrections of exponential pattern,and the coefficients for each order are determined.These coefficients can also be obtained by solving the equation of the fluctuations around the vacuum.At the lowest order,the kink lattice represents the Toda lattice.With higher order correction terms,the kink lattice can represent one kind of generic Toda lattice.With only two sites,the kink lattice is classically integrable.If the number of sites of the lattice is larger than two,the kink lattice is not integrable but is a near integrable system.We make use of Flaschka's variables to study the Lax pair of the kink lattice.These Flaschka's variables have interesting algebraic relations and non-integrability can be manifested.We also discuss the higher Hamiltonians for the deformed open Toda lattice,which has a similar result to the ordinary deformed Toda.     

Photonic-band-gap structures and guide modes in two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal heterostructures

We first investigate the band gap structures of two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals (MPC) composed of rectangular (square) magnetic cylinders embedded in a host dielectric material in the rectangular (square) lattice, and we then study guide modes at interface of MPC heterostructures (MPCHs) by use of plane wave expansion method in combination with supercell technique. We find that both the mirror-symmetric MPCHs and the mixed-type MPCHs composed of square cylinders in a square lattice can produce the TM guide modes even without any lattice distortions. This feature is quite different from that of the non-magnetic PC heterostructures, in which the occurrence of the guide modes requires the relatively longitudinal gliding or transverse displacement of lattices. It may provide a new way to generate guide modes and apply to the device of light wave guides.Received: 26 August 2003, Published online: 2 April 2004PACS: 42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials - 78.67.-n Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures - 63.20.Pw Localized modes - 42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers     

Renormalization group flow of a hierarchical Sine-Gordon model by partial differential equations

We use a renormalization group differential equation to rigorously control the renormalization group flow in a hierarchical lattice Sine-Gordon field theory in the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase.Supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-88ER25065     

Vortex lattice structural transitions: a Ginzburg-Landau model approach

We analyze the rhombic to square vortex lattice phase transition in anisotropic superconductors using a variant of Ginzburg-Landau theory. The mean-field phase diagram is determined to second order in the anisotropy parameter, and shows a reorientation transition of the square vortex lattice with respect to the crystal lattice. We then derive the long-wavelength elastic moduli of the lattices, and use them to show that thermal fluctuations produce a reentrant rhombic to square lattice transition line, similar to recent studies which used a nonlocal London model.     

Magnetocaloric effect in transition metals based compounds: a theoretical approach

In this paper we study the magnetocaloric effect in transition metals based compounds. For this purpose, we use a microscopical model, based on the band theory of magnetism, where the magnetic lattice is coupled with the crystalline lattice and with the external magnetic field. We apply the model to calculate the magnetocaloric effect in the compound MnAs, which undergoes a first order magnetic phase transition. The theoretically calculated isothermal entropy changes and the adiabatic temperature changes upon magnetic field variation exhibit a good agreement with the available experimental data.Received: 7 April 2004, Published online: 31 August 2004PACS: 75.30.Sg Magnetocaloric effect, magnetic cooling - 75.10.Lp Band and itinerant models - 75.20.En Metals and alloys     

Asymptotic analysis of combined breather-kink modes in a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain

We find approximations to travelling breather solutions of the one-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) lattice. Both bright breather and dark breather solutions are found. We find that the existence of localised (bright) solutions depends upon the coefficients of cubic and quartic terms of the potential energy, generalising an earlier inequality derived by James [G. James, Existence of breathers on FPU lattices, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 332 (2001) 581-586]. We use the method of multiple scales to reduce the equations of motion for the lattice to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation at leading order and hence construct an asymptotic form for the breather. We show that in the absence of a cubic potential energy term, the lattice supports combined breathing-kink waveforms. The amplitude of breathing-kinks can be arbitrarily small, as opposed to the case for traditional monotone kinks, which have a nonzero minimum amplitude in such systems. We also present numerical simulations of the lattice, verifying the shape and velocity of the travelling waveforms, and confirming the long-lived nature of all such modes.     

Finite-size effects on a lattice calculation

We study in this Letter the finite-size effects of a non-periodic lattice on a lattice calculation. To this end we use a finite lattice equipped with a central difference derivative with homogeneous boundary conditions to calculate the bosonic mass associated to the Schwinger model. We found that the homogeneous boundary conditions produce absence of fermion doubling and chiral invariance, but we also found that in the continuum limit this lattice model does not yield the correct value of the boson mass as other models do. We discuss the reasons for this and, as a result, the matrix which cause the fermion doubling problem is identified.     

Accurate determinations of alpha(s) from realistic lattice QCD

We obtain a new value for the QCD coupling constant by combining lattice QCD simulations with experimental data for hadron masses. Our lattice analysis is the first to (1) include vacuum polarization effects from all three light-quark flavors (using MILC configurations), (2) include third-order terms in perturbation theory, (3) systematically estimate fourth and higher-order terms, (4) use an unambiguous lattice spacing, and (5) use an [symbol: see text](a2)-accurate QCD action. We use 28 different (but related) short-distance quantities to obtain alpha((5)/(MS))(M(Z)) = 0.1170(12).     

State selective production of molecules in optical lattices

We demonstrate quantum control over both internal and external quantum degrees of freedom in a high number of identical "chemical reactions," carried out in an array of microtraps in a 3D optical lattice. Starting from a Mott insulating phase of an ultracold atomic quantum gas, we use two-photon Raman transitions to create molecules on lattice sites occupied by two atoms. In the atom-molecule conversion process, we can control both the internal rovibronic and external center of mass quantum state of the molecules. The lattice isolates the microscopic chemical reactions from each other, thereby allowing photoassociation spectra without collisional broadening even at high densities of up to 2 x 10(15) cm(-3).     

用XRD和ACS测量研究Y1-xEuxBa2Cu3O7-δ超导体的应力钉扎机制

利用X射线衍射（XRD）和交流磁化率（ACχ）方法系统地研究了Y1x-EuxBa2Cu3O7-δ（x=0.0-1.0）超导体,研究发现Eu 掺杂替代了Y晶位后引起晶格失想与电流密度有密切的联系,对于不同掺杂成分样品,X射线衍射线分析表明（006）及（007）衍射峰型随掺杂量变化,杂浓度在30％和70％附近时,半高宽（FWHM)再现极大值,表明此时样品的晶格失配最大,与此相对应,电流密度Js也在此掺杂浓度范围内达到极大值,我们在晶格失配应力场的钉钆模型下对实现现象进行了讨论,认为Y1-xEuxBa2Cu3O7-δ超导体中由元素替代引起的晶格失配应力场是有效的钉扎中心。     

Merrifield-Simmons Index and Its Entropy of the 4-8-8 Lattice

The Merrifield-Simmons index is a topological index used in structural chemistry for quantifying relevant properties of molecular structure. This index, in different names, has been studied on the square, triangular and hexagonal lattices by using the method of transfer matrix. To compute the Merrifield-Simmons index of more complicated lattices such as the 4-8-8 and triangular Kagomé lattices, the use of multi-step transfer matrices is needed. In this paper we introduce the concept of transfer multiplicity and use multi-step transfer matrices to derive a rigorous upper and lower bound for the entropy of Merrified-Simmons index of the 4-8-8 lattice. We show that this method can be used to deal with other complex 2-dimensional lattices.     

Finite size effects in euclidean lattice thermodynamics for non-interacting bose and fermi systems

In the Monte Carlo simulation of QCD, the euclidean form of the partition function is evaluated on a finite lattice. We use this method to calculate the partition function for non-interacting Bose and Fermi fields. Here the expressions on the lattice can be evaluated in closed form and the continuum limit is well-known; this provides us with a measure for finite lattice size effects in such approaches.     

Quantum logic revisited

An adequate conjunction-implication pair is given for complete orthomodular lattices. The resulting conjunction is noncommutative in nature. We use the well-known lattice of closed subspaces of a Hilbert space, to give physical meaning to the given lattice operation.To the memory of Thomas A. Brody.     

Absence of species doubling in finite-element quantum electrodynamics

In this Letter, it will be demonstrated explicitly that the finite-element formulation of quantum electrodynamics is free from fermion doubling. We do this by (1) examining the lattice fermion propagator and using it to compute the one-loop vacuum polarization on the lattice, and (2) by an explict computation of vector and axial-vector current anomalies for an arbitrary rectangular lattice in the Schwinger model. There it is shown that requiring that the vector current be conserved necessitates the use of a square lattice, in which case the axial-vector current is anomalous.     

Unconventional superfluid order in the F band of a bipartite optical square lattice

We report on the first observation of bosons condensed into the energy minima of an F band of a bipartite square optical lattice. Momentum spectra indicate that a truly complex-valued staggered angular momentum superfluid order is established. The corresponding wave function is composed of alternating local F2x3-3x ± iF2y3-3y orbits and local S orbits residing in the deep and shallow wells of the lattice, which are arranged as the black and white areas of a checkerboard. A pattern of staggered vortical currents arises, which breaks time-reversal symmetry and the translational symmetry of the lattice potential. We have measured the populations of higher order Bragg peaks in the momentum spectra for varying relative depths of the shallow and deep lattice wells and find remarkable agreement with band calculations.     

Ultraviolet stability of three-dimensional lattice pure gauge field theories

We prove the ultraviolet stability for three-dimensional lattice gauge field theories. We consider only the Wilson lattice approximation for pure Yang-Mills field theories. The proof is based on results of the previous papers on renormalization group method for lattice gauge theories.Work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant PHY 82-03669 and DMS 84-01989On leave of absence, Postal address: Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA