液晶的物理性质

 液晶是介于各向同性液体与晶体之间的一种新的物质状态.它的特点是同时具有流动性和光学各向异性.液晶的种类很多.从相变的物理条件来分,可分为热致液晶和溶致液晶,以下主要介绍热致液晶,从液晶分子排列的结构来看,又可分为向列相、胆甾相和近晶相.     

新型液晶电光器件

发明背景: 我们知道,在外加电场下某些胆甾相液晶变成向列相。1968年报道了当外加电场时单元的氯代胆甾醇或者氯代胆甾醇和其他胆甾醇衍生物(如有胆甾烯基壬酸酯,胆甾烯基油烯碳酸酯)混合物由胆甾相变到向列相。在直流场强约为10~5V/cm下,含有这种材料的电光屏由光散射的不透明态变成无色透明态。因而,这种屏需要相当高的电压,再一个缺点是使用温度范围有限制。因此,人们非常需要使用温度范围较宽(如室温在内的范围)和工作电压较低的电光屏。     

两种不同液晶相肉桂酸酯在溶液态及液晶态的光化学反应

采用紫外可见分光光度计,研究了两种肉桂酸酯类化合物在液晶态及溶液态的光化学行为. 结果表明,在液晶态下紫外曝光,向列相液晶同时发生光二聚和光异构;而胆甾相液晶将会发生可以被分为三个阶段的相对比较复杂的光化学反应. 同时,溶液态光化学反应的结果表明,紫外光谱分析可以对肉桂酸酯光化学反应进行动力学分析.     

液晶胆甾相的统计理论

胆甾相螺旋性结构的形成,分子间位置关联起十分重要的作用。采用格胞模型,导出了指向矢满足的二阶微分方程。有胆甾相解,并确定了螺距。位置关联可导致螺距随温度变化。这一理论可推广用来讨论蓝相的分子理论。 关键词：     

染料掺杂聚合物分散胆甾相液晶薄膜激光特性研究

采用激光染料DCM、向列相液晶TEB30A、手性剂S-811、聚乙烯醇(PVA), 通过微胶囊法制备了聚合物分散胆甾相液晶薄膜, 测量激光辐射谱, 研究了其激光辐射机理和温度调谐特性. 利用正交偏光显微镜观察器件织构, 看到液晶微滴分散均匀, 尺寸较大, 约为80 μm, 并且微滴中液晶分子呈现平面态排列织构. 以532 nm的Nd:YAG固体激光器作为抽运源, 测得在634.5 nm和680.2 nm波长处出现了尖锐的激光辐射峰, 线宽分别约为0.25 nm, 0.29 nm. 并与染料掺杂胆甾相液晶激光器件进行比较. 升高器件温度, 其输出激光波长蓝移, 获得666.7 nm至643.9 nm共22.8 nm的调谐范围. 由实验结果分析得出, 激光辐射机理为光子禁带末端激光, 出射波长分别对应光子禁带的两个边沿.     

关于一类液晶显示器的读出

近来发现的液晶的若干效应被认为与显示方面及缓冲/记忆方面的应用都有关系。在一切情况下,图像的特性依赖于寻址及非寻址状态的光学性质的甚至是细微的差异,当然,也依赖于外部的光学装置。图像能够由两种或更多种不同的胆甾相的、向列相的及近晶的结构组成,包括寻址及非寻址态,或者,更一般地,可以包括这些结构的场感应扰动,各向同性态,固态等等。例如,在电场感应的胆甾相-向列相的相变中[1],寻址区域是透明的(在可见的情况下)并且     

液晶奇异的光学性质讲座 第二讲 胆甾相液晶的特殊光学性质

这一讲主要介绍胆甾相液晶的一些特殊光学性质.上一讲中的图1(b)已经描述了胆甾相液晶的螺旋结构,螺旋的周期称为螺距P.这类材料主要来自胆甾醇的衍生物,故因此而得名.在向列相中如果掺入一定的手征性(手征性是指分子左和右不具有镜象对称性)化合物也能获得胆甾相,所以有时也称它为手征性向列相.它具有不同于一般液晶的光学性质,如选择反射、圆二色性、强烈的旋光色散以及电光和磁光效应等. 一、胆甾相液晶的选择反射 将不及头发丝1/5直径厚的胆甾相液晶充入玻璃盒内,在白光照射时会看到液晶盒呈现非常鲜艳的彩色.从不同角度观察,它的彩色…     

液晶胆甾相的形成机制

采用量子理论的方法研究了胆甾相液晶的形成机制.证明了通常采用的手性作用势确实能够导致胆甾相的形成，并给出螺距的表示式. 关键词： 液晶 量子理论 螺距     

表面压诱导的外消旋双亲分子单层手征相分离的数学模型及其二维古典解

研究表面压诱导的外消旋双亲分子单层手征相分离问题，通过视双亲分子单层为混合胆甾液晶薄膜、应用自由能极小化法所建立的数学模型，进而求出手性分离序参数与分子排列图案所满足的平衡方程的几类二维古典解. 关键词：     

使用液晶器件的物理光学演示仪

液晶材料的性质液晶材料是由棒状或线状分子构成的有机物质,其长度约为1～3nm,厚度约10~(-1)nm。在某温度范围内,这些材料呈现有序晶体的光学性质(即分子往往互相平行排列),但有液体的流动性。广泛作为液晶使用的材料是联苯(Biphenyl)、苯基环己烷(Phenylcyclohexane)和环己基环己烷(Cyclohexylcyclohexane)族。液晶材料一般有三种类型:近晶相、向列相和胆甾相,以其分子排列的移动或取向顺序来区分。因为各个液晶分子具有折射率各向异性(由于其细长的形状),介电常数各向异性(由于永久或感生偶极矩),所以材     

A TWO PARTICLE CLUSTER THEORY FOR UNIAXIAL NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS FORMED BY BIAXIAL MOLECULES

A two-particle cluster theory is presented to study uniaxial nematic liquid crystals formed by biaxial molecules, which interact with each other via dispersion forces. The equation for the molecular orientational distribution functions in two-particle cluster approximation is obtained and is solved by an terativemethod. The temperature dependences of the order parameter and of the internal energy per particle are calculated, and the values of the relevant quantities at the nematic isotropic phase transition are given. The present theory, by taking into account the short range correlations between molecules , yields improved results compared with the mean field theory.     

Influence of dipole-dipole correlations on the stability of the biaxial nematic phase in the model bent-core liquid crystal

A molecular theory of biaxial nematic ordering in the system of bent-core molecules has been developed in the two-particle cluster approximation which enables one to take into account short-range polar correlations determined by both electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction and polar molecular shape. All orientational order parameters and short-range correlation functions are calculated numerically as functions of temperature in the uniaxial and in the biaxial nematic phases, and the results are compared with the ones obtained in the mean-field approximation and in the cluster approximation but without taking into consideration the dipole-dipole interaction. It is shown that short-range polar correlations and, in particular, the dipole-dipole correlations dramatically increase the temperature of the transition into the biaxial nematic phase and enhancing its stability range. The results are also very sensitive to the value of the opening angle of a model bent-core molecule.     

Magnetic and electric birefringence in the isotropic phase of nematic liquid crystals

A theory is developed of the anomalous magnetic and electric birefringence in the isotropic phase of nematic liquid crystals taking into account orientational correlations between neighbouring molecules. Use is made of a modification of Bethe’s method due to Krieger and James, and the properties of the system are derived in terms of a single parameter, viz., the two-particle interaction constant. The expressions for the magnetic and electric birefringence are similar in form to those given by the phenomenological model of de Gennes. Theoretical curves forp-azoxyanisole reproduce the trends in the observed data. A calculation of the nematic-isotropic transition point confirms that this treatment is an improvement over the mean field approximation in describing pre-transition phenomena in the isotropic phase.     

Short-range correlations and inclusive nucleon-nucleus cross sections

The effect of short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations on inclusive inelastic cross sections is studied within the framework of Glauber theory. The correction term resulting from two-particle correlations corresponds to scattering from a deuteron-like cluster. The net effect is found to be negligibly small.     

Clusters,correlations and transverse momenta

We discuss the short range part of two-particle correlations as it results from the phase space available in cluster decay. In such an approach, certain variables emerge which should be useful to organize the data and extract interesting information. We are in particular concerned with tests of large transverse motion of clusters.     

Two-particle scattering on the lattice: Phase shifts,spin-orbit coupling,and mixing angles

We determine two-particle scattering phase shifts and mixing angles for quantum theories defined with lattice regularization. The method is suitable for any non-relativistic effective theory of point particles on the lattice. In the center-of-mass frame of the two-particle system we impose a hard spherical wall at some fixed large radius. For channels without partial-wave mixing the partial-wave phase shifts are determined from the energies of the nearly spherical standing waves. For channels with partial-wave mixing further information is extracted by decomposing the standing wave at the wall boundary into spherical harmonics, and we solve coupled-channels equations to extract the phase shifts and mixing angles. The method is illustrated and tested by computing phase shifts and mixing angles on the lattice for spin-1/2 particles with an attractive Gaussian potential containing both central and tensor force parts.     

Diagrammatic non-degenerate RSPT for evaluation of ground-state energy of simple open-shell molecular systems

The diagrammatic non-degenerate Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory and the coupled cluster approach are applied to the evaluation of the ground state energy of a simple open-shell molecular system described in the zeroth order approximation by a single determinant wavefunction. The corresponding hamiltonian is built up by the creation and annihilation operators introduced over an orthonormal set of restricted Hartree-Fock one-particle functions. The perturbation H₁ is composed of one- and two-particle terms, the one-particle term depending in an explicit way upon the type of restricted Hartree-Fock theory used. The efficiency of the elaborated theory is illustrated for the BeH molecule.     

Practical relativistic three-particle theory with arbitrary particle interactions

Relativistic three-particle equations are established by the rules of Blankenbecler and Sugar, which put the intermediate particles on the mass shell. By use of the Wightman-Gåding momenta we preserve the correct cluster properties, time-reversal invariance and avoid a spurious s = 0 singularity. A reduction to effective multichannel two-particle equations which is not restricted to separble potentials is discussed. Our approach admits the systematical application of perturbation theory to relativistic composite particle scattering problems.     

Phase diagrams of spin-1 Ising model with bilinear and quadrupolar interactions under magnetic field. Two-particle cluster approximation

The spin-1 Ising model with bilinear and quadrupolar short-range interactions under magnetic field is investigated within the two-particle cluster approximation. It is shown that for those values of the quadrupolar interaction when at zero magnetic field the system undergoes a temperature phase transition between quadrupolar and paramagnetic phases, a triple point may exist in the temperature vs. magnetic field phase diagrams, necessarily along with a critical point. It is also shown that the critical points in the temperature vs. magnetic field phase diagrams of the investigated model can be of three types.