正交LiMnO2中的重入自旋玻璃行为

用水热技术合成了单相正交LiMnO2(o-LiMnO2)粉末,X射线衍射表明其空间群为Pmnm.X射线衍射精修结果指出该材料存在少量的阳离子无序,但这种无序对材料的磁性没有表现出明显的影响.静态和动态的磁性研究结果表明o-LiMnO2中存在重入自旋玻璃行为,即在T≤TC≈118 K,反铁磁态转向铁磁态,在T≤Tf≈50 K,铁磁态又转向自旋倾斜玻璃态.     

自旋玻璃的重入行为及CoxZn1-x(FeyCr1-y)2O4尖晶石系统的磁相图

本文研究了Co_xZn_1-x(Fe_yCr_1-x2O₄尖晶石系统的磁性,测量了不同成份样品的低频弱场交流磁化率与低场直流磁化强度的温度关系。根据实验结果,给出了该系统可能的磁相图。发现在该系统中相当宽的成份范围内,都存在自旋玻璃的重入现象。同时发现,自旋玻璃的重入温度随磁性离子浓度增加而增加。这些行为是磁性离子浓度含量较高和多种磁性离子共存系统的共同特性。还讨论了自旋玻璃重入行为关键词：     

压力对纳米CoFe2O4/SiO2复合材料结构的影响

 采用溶胶-凝胶工艺和高温高压实验技术,制备了纳米CoFe₂O₄/SiO₂复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计,对样品的结构、微观形貌和磁性进行了研究,并对CoFe₂O₄中阳离子的占位情况进行了讨论。结果表明,随着处理压力的升高,样品的晶粒尺寸增大,晶格常数减小,比饱和磁化强度增大。通过计算结果可以推断,压力的升高导致CoFe₂O₄中的部分Fe³⁺从A位移向了B位,而部分Co²⁺则从B位移向了A位。     

块状Ta2O5-TiO2复合气凝胶的制备与表征

 以乙醇钽、钛酸丁酯为原料,以乙醇为溶剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法及超临界干燥成功制备了Ta₂O₅-TiO₂复合气凝胶。用场发射扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、扫描电镜模式下的电子能谱仪（EDS）以及比表面积吸附仪（BET）对其进行表征。结果表明:该气凝胶是由粒径在nm量级的Ti和Ta的羟基氧化物胶体颗粒堆积而成的低密度、高比表积的多孔网络结构材料,孔径分布主要集中在5~15 nm,比表面积为492.9 m²/g,密度为90 mg/cm³左右。     

基于TaCl5的Ta2O2气凝胶制备工艺

 主要介绍了以TaCl₅为前驱体,低分子醇类为溶剂,分别采用环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷作为凝胶促进剂制备Ta₂O₂湿凝胶,湿凝胶经过CO₂超临界干燥而获得白色Ta₂O₂气凝胶。透射电镜图谱表明气凝胶是由粒度为10～20 nm的颗粒堆积而成。N₂等温吸附-脱附分析表明,气凝胶的比表面积为800～900 m²/g。     

双层反铁磁体K3Cu2F7 中轨道序驱动的自旋二聚化

基于自旋-轨道-晶格Hamilton量,应用团簇自洽场方法,研究了双层钙钛矿结构材料K₃Cu₂F₇基态的晶格、磁及轨道结构,发现近孤立的双层的对称破缺和Jahn-Teller晶格畸变使得Cu²⁺离子在每层内交替占据 z²-x²〉/ z²-y²〉轨道,进而导致双层的层间表现为强的反铁磁耦合,层内为弱的铁磁耦合.强反铁磁耦合导致层间     

氧氩比对SnO2/Ag/SnO2透明导电膜光电性能的影响

在室温及不同的氧氩比条件下,采用射频磁控溅射Ag层和直流磁控溅射SnO₂层,在载玻片衬底上制备出了SnO₂/Ag/SnO₂多层薄膜.用霍尔效应测试仪、四探针电阻测试仪和紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪等表征了薄膜的电学性质和光学性质.实验结果表明:当氧氩比为1:14时,所制得的薄膜的光电性质优良指数最大,为1.69×10^-2 Ω^-1;此时,薄膜的电阻率为9.8×10^-5 Ω·cm,方电阻为9.68 Ω/sq,在400~800 nm可见光区的平均光学透射率达85%;并且,在氧氩比为1:14时,利用射频磁控溅射Ag层和直流磁控溅射SnO₂层在PET柔性衬底上制备出了光电性质优良的柔性透明导电膜,其在可见光区的平均光学透过率达85%以上,电阻率为1.22×10^-4 Ωcm,方电阻为12.05 Ω/sq.     

用于白光LED的单一基质白光荧光粉Ca2SiO3Cl2:Eu2+，Mn2+的发光性质

用高温固相法合成了Eu²⁺,Mn²⁺共激活的Ca₂SiO₃Cl₂高亮度白色发光材料,并对其发光性质进行了研究. 该荧光粉在近紫外光激发下发出强的白色荧光,Eu^{2+中心形成峰值为419 nm和498 nm的特征宽带,通过Eu2+中心向Mn2+中心的能量传递导致了峰值为578 nm的发射,三个谱带叠加从而在单一基质中得到了白光. 激发光谱均分布在250—415 nm的波长范围,红绿蓝三个发射带的激发谱峰值分别位于385 nm,412 nm,370 nm和396 nm处,可以被InGaN管芯产生的紫外辐射有效激发. Ca₂SiO₃Cl₂:Eu2+,Mn2+是一种很有前途的单一基质白光LED荧光粉.}     

纤维状TiO2/Bi2O3光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti和Bi(NO₃)·5H₂O为原料,以棉花纤维为生物模板,合成了系列纤维状TiO₂/Bi₂O₃光催化剂．采用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis等测试技术对样品的相结构、形貌和吸光性能等进行了表征分析．结果表明,样品中的Bi₂O₃为单斜相和四方相共存的混晶,纤维长度达到毫米级,     

Sr2Bi4Ti5O18的压致结构相变

 使用4∶1的甲醇-乙醇混合液作传压介质，利用金刚石对顶砧装置（DAC），研究了层状铁电体Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈的在位高压拉曼光谱和压致结构相变（0～27 GPa）。发现在8.31 GPa，Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈经历了一次结构相交。在23.13 GPa以上，Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈似乎出现了压致非晶相交的先兆。并使用内模方法对Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈的内模进行了指认。     

磁性物质中冷无序能的作用

在研究物质的磁性时,考虑了电子之间的正交换能(A1>0,导致电子自旋平行排列)和负交换能(A2<0,导致电子自旋反平行排列)两项各自的物理作用,不是简单地只以它们的代数和为判据.提出冷无序能的概念:当A1>|A2|(A=A1-|A2|>0)时,A1为有序能,A2为冷无序能;当A1<|A2|(A<0)时,A2为有序能,A1为冷无序能.物质的磁性决定于热运动能、有序能以及冷无序能之间的竞争.考虑了冷无序能导致“冷无序”的物理功能,将冷无序能变换为等效温度,在统计物理的框架内处理了铁磁性、反铁磁性转变和自旋玻璃冻结问题.A2=0的体系具有Weiss铁磁性,|A2|A1=1的体系表现自旋玻璃磁性,1>|A2|A1>0的体系同时具有铁磁性和自旋玻璃磁性,1>A1|A2|>0的体系同时具有反铁磁性和自旋玻璃磁性.关键词：交换能冷无序能铁磁性反铁磁性自旋玻璃     

Replica symmetry breaking in a fermionic cluster spin glass model in a transverse field

We analyze a fermionic Ising spin glass model in the presence of a transverse magnetic field Γ within a cluster mean field theory. The model considers a Sherrington-Kirkpatrick type interaction between magnetic moments of clusters with a ferromagnetic intra-cluster coupling J₀. The spin site operators are written as a bilinear combination of fermionic operators. In these quantum spin glass model, the inter-cluster disorder is treated by using a framework of one-step replica symmetry breaking within the static approximation. The effective intra-cluster interaction is then computed by means of an exact diagonalization method. Results for several cluster size n_s, values of Γ and J₀ are presented. For instance, the specific heat shows a broad maximum (for n_s>1) at a temperature above the freezing temperature T_f, which is characterized by the inter-cluster replica symmetry breaking. Phase diagrams T versus Γ show that the critical temperature T_f(Γ) decreases for any value of n_s when Γ increases until it reaches a quantum critical point at some value of Γ_c.     

Replica Symmetry Breaking in Short-Range Spin Glasses: Theoretical Foundations and Numerical Evidences

We discuss replica symmetry breaking (RSB) in spin glasses. We update work in this area, from both the analytical and numerical points of view. We give particular attention to the difficulties stressed by Newman and Stein concerning the problem of constructing pure states in spin glass systems. We mainly discuss what happens in finite-dimensional, realistic spin glasses. Together with a detailed review of some of the most important features, facts, data, and phenomena, we present some new theoretical ideas and numerical results. We discuss among others the basic idea of the RSB theory, correlation functions, interfaces, overlaps, pure states, random field, and the dynamical approach. We present new numerical results for the behaviors of coupled replicas and about the numerical verification of sum rules, and we review some of the available numerical results that we consider of larger importance (for example, the determination of the phase transition point, the correlation functions, the window overlaps, and the dynamical behavior of the system).     

Magnetic properties of Sm-based bulk metallic glasses

We perform detailed investigation on the magnetization and specific heat of Sm-based ternary bulk metallic glasses with different Co contents at low temperature. A low temperature cluster spin-glass phase below T_f ∼25 K is evidenced for all samples. This cluster spin-glass behavior is ascribed to competition among the multi-fold magnetic interactions and the intrinsic structural inhomogeneity. The magnetic relaxation behavior of the spin-glass phase can be well described using the stretched exponential dynamics. The magnetic hysteresis under field-cooling condition and spin dynamics further demonstrate the low temperature cluster spin-glass behavior. It is revealed that the Co atoms play an important role in modulating the physical properties of the present Sm-based ternary metallic glasses.     

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of Mn2+ in kainite

epr measurements on kainite containing Mn²⁺ impurities are made at x-band microwave frequencies at room temperature. The fine structure transitions observed inac* plane have helped to extract the spin Hamiltonian parameters of Mn^{2 +} ions in the crystalline environment. The results indicate strong orthorhombic crystalline field and the rhombic field parameter is larger than those observed in the other similar systems. The z-axis of the D-tensor is determined with respect toac* plane by theoretically fitting the experimental fine structure transitions.     

Finite-Size Scaling in the Energy-Entropy Plane for the 2D ± Ising Spin Glass

For L × L square lattices with L ≤ 20 the 2D Ising spin glass with +1 and −1 bonds is found to have a strong correlation between the energy and the entropy of its ground states. A fit to the data gives the result that each additional broken bond in the ground state of a particular sample of random bonds increases the ground state degeneracy by approximately a factor of 10/3. For x=0.5 (where x is the fraction of negative bonds), over this range of L, the characteristic entropy defined by the energy-entropy correlation scales with size as L ^1.78(2). Anomalous scaling is not found for the characteristic energy, which essentially scales as L ². When x=0.25, a crossover to L ² scaling of the entropy is seen near L=12. The results found here suggest a natural mechanism for the unusual behavior of the low temperature specific heat of this model, and illustrate the dangers of extrapolating from small L. PACS numbers: 75.10.Nr, 75.40.Mg, 75.50.Lk     

Cluster fermionic Ising spin glass model with a transverse field

The fermionic Ising spin glass (SG) model in the presence of a transverse magnetic field Γ is studied within a cluster mean field theory. The model considers an infinite-range interaction among magnetic moments of clusters with a short-range ferromagnetic intracluster coupling J₀. The spin operators are written as a bilinear combination of fermionic operators. In this quantum SG model, the intercluster disorder is treated by using a framework of one-step replica symmetry breaking (RSB) within the static approximation. The effective intracluster interaction is then computed by means of an exact diagonalization method. Results for several values of cluster size n_s, Γ and J₀ are presented. For instance, the specific heat can show a broad maximum at a temperature T^∗ above the freezing temperature T_f, which is characterized by the intercluster RSB. The difference between T^∗ and T_f is enhanced by Γ, which suggests that the quantum effects can increase the ratio T^∗/T_f. Phase diagrams (T versus Γ) show that the critical temperature T_f(Γ) decreases for any values of n_s and J₀ when Γ increases until it reaches a quantum critical point at some value of Γ_c.     

State Sampling Dependence of Hopfield Network Inference

The fully connected Hopfield network is inferred based on observed magnetizations and pairwise correlations.We present the system in the glassy phase with low temperature and high memory load.We find that the inference error is very sensitive to the form of state sampling.When a single state is sampled to compute magnetizations and correlations,the inference error is almost indistinguishable irrespective of the sampled state.However,the error can be greatly reduced if the data is collected with state transitions.Our result holds for different disorder samples and accounts for the previously observed large fluctuations of inference error at low temperatures.     

On the statistical mechanics of the traveling salesman problem

We consider the statistical mechanics of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and develop some representations to study it. In one representation the mean field theory has a simple form and brings out some of the essential features of the problem. It shows that the system has spontaneous symmetry breaking at any nonzero temperature. In general the phase progressively changes as one decreases the temperature. At low temperatures the mean field theory solution is very sensitive to any small perturbations, due to the divergence of some local susceptibilities. This critical region extends down to zero temperature. We perform the quenched average for a nonmetric TSP in the second representation and the resulting problem is more complicated than the infinite-range spin-glass problem, suggesting that the free energy landscape may be more complex. The role played by frustration in this problem appears explicitly through the localization property of a random matrix, which resembles the tight binding matrix of an electron in a random lattice.