Estimation of the algorithmic complexity of classes of computable models

We estimate the algorithmic complexity of the index set of some natural classes of computable models: finite computable models (Σ ₂ ⁰ -complete), computable models with ω-categorical theories (Δ _ω ⁰ -complex Π _ω+2 ⁰ -set), prime models (Δ _ω ⁰ -complex Π _ω+2 ⁰ -set), models with ω ₁-categorical theories (Δ _ω ⁰ -complex Σ _ω+1 ⁰ -set. We obtain a universal lower bound for the model-theoretic properties preserved by Marker’s extensions (Δ _ω ⁰ .     

Index sets of decidable models

We study the index sets of the class of d-decidable structures and of the class of d-decidable countably categorical structures, where d is an arbitrary arithmetical Turing degree. It is proved that the first of them is m-complete ∑ ₃ ^{0, d} , and the second is m-complete ∑ ₃ ^{0, d} \∑ ₃ ^{0, d} in the universal computable numbering of computable structures for the language with one binary predicate.     

On the approximation of continuous functions of two variables

It is shown that if P _m ^α,β (x) (α, β > ?1, m = 0, 1, 2, …) are the classical Jaboci polynomials, then the system of polynomials of two variables {Ψ _mn ^α,β (x, y)} _m,n=0 ^r = {P _m ^α,β (x)P _n ^α,β (y)} _{m, n=0} ^r (r = m + n ≤ N ? 1) is an orthogonal system on the set Ω _N×N = ?ub;(x _i , y _i ) _i,j=0 ^N , where x _i and y _i are the zeros of the Jacobi polynomial P _n ^α,β (x). Given an arbitrary continuous function f(x, y) on the square [?1, 1]², we construct the discrete partial Fourier-Jacobi sums of the rectangular type S _{m, n, N} ^α,β (f; x, y) by the orthogonal system introduced above. We prove that the order of the Lebesgue constants ∥S _{m, n, N} ^α,β ∥ of the discrete sums S _{m, n, N} ^α,β (f; x, y) for ?1/2 < α, β < 1/2, m + n ≤ N ? 1 is O((mn) ^{q + 1/2}), where q = max?ub;α,β?ub;. As a consequence of this result, several approximate properties of the discrete sums S _{m, n, N} ^α,β (f; x, y) are considered.     

On Representation of a Solution to the Cauchy Problem by a Fourier Series in Sobolev-Orthogonal Polynomials Generated by Laguerre Polynomials

We consider the problem of representing a solution to the Cauchy problem for an ordinary differential equation as a Fourier series in polynomials l _r,k ^α (x) (k = 0, 1,...) that are Sobolev-orthonormal with respect to the inner product

$$\left\langle {f,g} \right\rangle = \sum\limits_{v = 0}^{r - 1} {{f^{(v)}}(0){g^{(v)}}} (0) + \int\limits_0^\infty {{f^{(r)}}(t)} {g^{(r)}}(t){t^\alpha }{e^{ - t}}dt$$

, and generated by the classical orthogonal Laguerre polynomials L _k ^α (x) (k = 0, 1,...). The polynomials l _r,k ^α (x) are represented as expressions containing the Laguerre polynomials L _n ^α?r (x). An explicit form of the polynomials l _r,k+r ^α (x) is established as an expansion in the powers x ^r+l , l = 0,..., k. These results can be used to study the asymptotic properties of the polynomials l _r,k ^α (x) as k→∞and the approximation properties of the partial sums of Fourier series in these polynomials.

     

Isotopes of the alternative monster and the Skosyrsky algebra

We prove that the isotopes of the alternative monster and the Skosyrsky algebra satisfy the identity П_i=1⁴ [x_i, y_i] = 0. Hence, the algebras themselves satisfy the identity П_i=1⁴ (c, x_i, y_i) = 0. We also show that none of the identities П_i=1ⁿ(c, x_i, y_i) = 0 holds in all commutative alternative nil-algebras of index 3. Thus, we refute the Grishkov–Shestakov hypothesis about the structure of the free finitely generated commutative alternative nil-algebras of index 3.     

Complex powers of some degenerate differential operators related to the Helmholtz operator

In the L _p -spaces, we study the complex powers of the operator

$G_\lambda = m^2 I + \Delta - i\lambda \frac{{\partial ^2 }}{{\partial x_1^2 }},0 < \lambda < 1,m > 0,$

where δ is the Laplace operator. The complex powers G _λ ^?α/2 , Reα > 0, are realized as potential type operators B _λ ^α with a nonstandard metric. We obtain L _p → L _p + L _s -estimates for the operator B _λ ^α . By using the method of approximate inverse operators, we construct the inversion of the potentials B _λ ^α φ with L _p -densities and describe the range B _λ ^α (L _p ) in terms of the inversion constructions.

     

Commutator of Riesz potential in <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-adic generalized Morrey spaces

Suppose that I _p ^α is the p-adic Riesz potential. In this paper, we established the boundedness of I _p ^α on the p-adic generalized Morrey spaces, as well as the boundedness of the commutators generated by the p-adic Riesz potential I _p ^α and p-adic generalized Campanato functions.     

Estimation of the depth of reversible circuits consisting of NOT,CNOT and 2-CNOT gates

The paper discusses the asymptotic depth of a reversible circuits consisting of NOT, CNOT and 2-CNOT gates. The reversible circuit depth function D(n, q) is introduced for a circuit implementing a mapping f: Z₂ⁿ → Z₂ⁿ as a function of n and the number q of additional inputs. It is proved that for the case of implementation of a permutation from A(Z₂ⁿ) with a reversible circuit having no additional inputs the depth is bounded as D(n, 0) ? 2ⁿ/(3log₂n). It is also proved that for the case of transformation f: Z₂ⁿ → Z₂ⁿ with a reversible circuit having q₀ ~ 2ⁿ additional inputs the depth is bounded as D(n,q₀) ? 3n.     

A numerical algorithm for solving a nonstationary problem of optimal control

Let {φ _n ^(α,β) (z)} _n=0 ^∞ be a system of Jacobi polynomials orthonormal on the circle |z| = 1 with respect to the weight (1 ? cos τ)^α+1/2(1 + cos τ)^β+1/2 (α, β > ?1), and let \(\psi _n^{\left( {\alpha ,\beta } \right)*} \left( z \right): = z^n \overline {\psi _n^{\left( {\alpha ,\beta } \right)} \left( {{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\bar z}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar z}}} \right)}\)). We establish relations between the polynomial φ _n ^(α,?1/2) (z) and the nth (C, α ? 1/2)-mean of the Maclaurin series for the function (1 ? z)^?α?3/2 and also between the polynomial φ _n ^(α,?1/2)* (z) and the nth (C, α + 1/2)-mean of the Maclaurin series for the function (1 ? z)^?α?1/2. We use these relations to derive an asymptotic formula for φ _n ^(α,?1/2) (z); the formula is uniform inside the disk |z| < 1. It follows that φ _n ^(α,?1/2) (z) ≠ 0 in the disk |z| ≤ ρ for fixed φ ∈ (0, 1) and α > ?1 if n is sufficiently large.     

The program iteration method in a game problem of guidance

Let a sequence of d-dimensional vectors n _k = (n _k ¹ , n _k ² ,..., n _k ^d ) with positive integer coordinates satisfy the condition n _k ^j = α _j m _k +O(1), k ∈ ?, 1 ≤ j ≤ d, where α ₁ > 0,..., α _d > 0 and {m _k } _k=1 ^∞ is an increasing sequence of positive integers. Under some conditions on a function φ: [0,+∞) → [0,+∞), it is proved that, if the sequence of Fourier sums \({S_{{m_k}}}\) (g, x) converges almost everywhere for any function g ∈ φ(L)([0, 2π)), then, for any d ∈ ? and f ∈ φ(L)(ln⁺ L) ^d?1([0, 2π) ^d ), the sequence \({S_{{n_k}}}\) (f, x) of rectangular partial sums of the multiple trigonometric Fourier series of the function f and the corresponding sequences of partial sums of all conjugate series converge almost everywhere.     

Renormalized coupling constants for the three-dimensional scalar <Emphasis Type="Italic">λ</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">ϕ</Emphasis><Superscript>4</Superscript> field theory and pseudo-<Emphasis Type="Italic">ε</Emphasis>-expansion

The renormalized coupling constants g _2k that enter the equation of state and determine nonlinear susceptibilities of the system have universal values g _2k ^* at the Curie point. We use the pseudo-ε-expansion approach to calculate them together with the ratios R _2k = g _2k /g ₄ ^k-1 for the three-dimensional scalar λ ? ⁴ field theory. We derive pseudo-ε-expansions for g ₆ ^* , g ₈ ^* , R ₆ ^* , and R ₈ ^* in the five-loop approximation and present numerical estimates for R ₆ ^* and R ₈ ^* . The higher-order coefficients of the pseudo-ε-expansions for g ₆ ^* and R ₆ ^* are so small that simple Padé approximants turn out to suffice for very good numerical results. Using them gives R ₆ ^* = 1.650, while the recent lattice calculation gave R ₆ ^* = 1.649(2). The pseudo-ε-expansions of g ₈ ^* and R ₈ ^* are less favorable from the numerical standpoint. Nevertheless, Padé–Borel summation of the series for R ₈ ^* gives the estimate R ₈ ^* = 0.890, differing only slightly from the values R ₈ ^* = 0.871 and R ₈ ^* = 0.857 extracted from the results of lattice and field theory calculations.     

Invariance of the generalized oscillator under a linear transformation of the related system of orthogonal polynomials

We consider the families of polynomials P = { P _n (x)} _n=0 ^∞ and Q = { Q _n (x)} _n=0 ^∞ orthogonal on the real line with respect to the respective probability measures μ and ν. We assume that { Q _n (x)} _n=0 ^∞ and {P _n (x)} _n=0 ^∞ are connected by linear relations. In the case k = 2, we describe all pairs (P,Q) for which the algebras A _P and A _Q of generalized oscillators generated by { Qn(x)} _n=0 ^∞ and { Pn(x)} _n=0 ^∞ coincide. We construct generalized oscillators corresponding to pairs (P,Q) for arbitrary k ≥ 1.     

An additive cohomological equation and typical behavior of Birkhoff sums over a translation of the multidimensional torus

For a periodic function f with a given decrease of the moduli of its Fourier coefficients, we analyze the solvability of the equation \(w(T_\alpha x) - w(x) = f(x) - \smallint _{\mathbb{T}^d } f(t) dt\) and the asymptotic behavior of the Birkhoff sums Σ _s=0 ^n?1 f(T _α ^s x) for almost every α. The results obtained are applied to the study of ergodic properties of a cylindrical cascade and of a special flow on the torus.     

Neighbor sum distinguishing total chromatic number of <Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis><Subscript>4</Subscript>-minor free graph

A k-total coloring of a graph G is a mapping ?: V (G) ? E(G) → {1; 2,..., k} such that no two adjacent or incident elements in V (G) ? E(G) receive the same color. Let f(v) denote the sum of the color on the vertex v and the colors on all edges incident with v: We say that ? is a k-neighbor sum distinguishing total coloring of G if f(u) 6 ≠ f(v) for each edge uv ∈ E(G): Denote χ _Σ ^″ (G) the smallest value k in such a coloring of G: Pil?niak and Wo?niak conjectured that for any simple graph with maximum degree Δ(G), χ _Σ ^″ ≤ Δ(G)+3. In this paper, by using the famous Combinatorial Nullstellensatz, we prove that for K ₄-minor free graph G with Δ(G) > 5; χ _Σ ^″ = Δ(G) + 1 if G contains no two adjacent Δ-vertices, otherwise, χ _Σ ^″ (G) = Δ(G) + 2.     

On the Fekete and Szegö problem for starlike mappings of order <Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>

Let S _α ^* be the familiar class of normalized starlike functions of order α in the unit disk. In this paper, we establish the Fekete and Szegö inequality for the class S _α ^* , and then we generalize this result to the unit ball in a complex Banach space or on the unit polydisk in C ⁿ .     

Equivalence of two definitions of a generalized <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Subscript> solution to the initial-boundary value problem for the wave equation

In our previous papers, we introduced the notion of a generalized solution to the initial-boundary value problem for the wave equation with a boundary function µ(t) such that the integral ∫ ₀ ^T (T ? t)|µ(t)| ^p dt exists. Here we prove that this solution is a unique solution to the problem in L _p that satisfies the corresponding integral identity.     

Local properties of Richardson varieties in the Grassmannian via a bounded Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence

The Richardson variety X _α ^γ in the Grassmannian is defined to be the intersection of the Schubert variety X ^γ and opposite Schubert variety X _α . We give an explicit Gröbner basis for the ideal of the tangent cone at any T-fixed point of X _α ^γ , thus generalizing a result of Kodiyalam-Raghavan (J. Algebra 270(1):28–54, 2003) and Kreiman-Lakshmibai (Algebra, Arithmetic and Geometry with Applications, 2004). Our proof is based on a generalization of the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth (RSK) correspondence, which we call the bounded RSK (BRSK). We use the Gröbner basis result to deduce a formula which computes the multiplicity of X _α ^γ at any T-fixed point by counting families of nonintersecting lattice paths, thus generalizing a result first proved by Krattenthaler (Sém. Lothar. Comb. 45:B45c, 2000/2001; J. Algebr. Comb. 22:273–288, 2005).     

Matrix orthogonal polynomials associated with perturbations of block Toeplitz matrices

Let {c _j } _j=0 ⁿ be a sequence of matrix moments associated with a matrix of measures supported on the unit circle, and let {P _j } _j=0 ⁿ be its corresponding sequence of monic matrix orthogonal polynomials. In this contribution, we consider a perturbation on the moments and find an explicit relation for the perturbed orthogonal polynomials in terms of {P _j } _j=0 ⁿ . We also obtain an expression for the corresponding second kind polynomials.     

Dominant dimensions,derived equivalences and tilting modules

We show that for every ? > 0 there exist δ > 0 and n₀ ∈ ? such that every 3-uniform hypergraph on n ≥ n₀ vertices with the property that every k-vertex subset, where k ≥ δn, induces at least \(\left( {\frac{1}{2} + \varepsilon } \right)\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} k \\ 3 \\ \end{array} } \right)\) edges, contains K₄^? as a subgraph, where K₄^? is the 3-uniform hypergraph on 4 vertices with 3 edges. This question was originally raised by Erd?s and Sós. The constant 1/4 is the best possible.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Superscript> estimates for Riesz transform and their commutators associated with Schrödinger type operator

Let H ₂ = (?Δ)² + V ² be the Schrödinger type operator, where V satisfies reverse Hölder inequality. In this paper, we establish the L ^p boundedness for V ² H ₂ ^?1 , H ₂ ^?1 V ², VH ₂ ^?1/2 and H ₂ ^?1 V ², and that of their commutators. We also prove that H ₂ ^?1 V ²,VH ₂ ^?1/2 are bounded from BMO _L to BMO _L .