原向反射式大面积三角形探测光幕灵敏度分布

分体式大靶面测试系统的探测光幕灵敏度直接影响飞行弹丸速度测量的精度。可在散布不大的情况下,使用反射膜与激光器代替矩形大面积测试系统中的人工光源,简化测试系统。对新建的三角形探测光幕的灵敏度进行了分析,综合考虑激光器在不同传播距离处的光强度衰减、空间的非均匀性分布及反射膜逆反射系数和镜头离轴效应等因素,采用数值仿真和实弹试验的方法,将同一弹径的弹丸穿过光幕不同位置时的灵敏度等效到同一基准点进行归一化分析。结果显示,镜头离轴效应对灵敏度影响最大,激光器空间非均匀性分布影响最小。在3.5 m×2 m(宽×高)的直角三角形探测光幕区域进行实弹试验,其结果与仿真结果一致,距镜头越近,灵敏度越高;反之越低。研究结果可为类似原向反射式大面积探测光幕的工程设计提供参考。     

L形光源大面积矩形探测光幕灵敏度空域分布分析

镜头式探测器配接L形LED光源构成大面积矩形探测光幕,常用来布置在封闭的室内靶道测量外弹道参数,其探测区域的灵敏度大小直接影响测量精度,文章研究和分析了配接L形LED光源的10m×10m大面积矩形探测光幕灵敏度空域分布规律,考虑镜头边缘效应和光传播路径损失,将飞行弹丸遮挡的光投射到镜头处计算光电器件接收的光通量变化,推导出探测光幕灵敏度的数学表达式,将探测区域分割成小块,采用数字仿真方式计算同一口径弹丸穿过不同区域块引起的光通量变化,得到矩形探测光幕区域灵敏度空域分布。结果显示矩形探测区域灵敏度呈现对称分布,靠近镜头主光轴和镜头附近处时,会得到探测区域内的较大探测灵敏度。其研究结果为后续进行大靶面外弹道测试相关技术提供了理论依据。     

激光反射式光幕探测技术研究

针对现有天幕靶探测灵敏度低、易受天空亮度影响、夜间不能工作等问题,提出了一种基于激光反射的主动式光幕探测方案,该方案采用一字线结构光半导体激光器作为主动光源,采用光学镜头、狭缝光阑、滤光片和光电倍增管组成光路探测系统。当飞行弹丸穿越一字线结构光半导体激光器和光路探测系统共同组成的探测光幕时,弹体表面反射回的部分光线被光路探测系统接收,经光电探测器件光电转换,并经后续信号处理电路对光电探测器件产生的电信号进行处理,输出与飞行弹丸穿越探测光幕面时刻相对应的模拟信号和脉冲信号。对系统光能量进行分析和计算,并通过实弹试验测试,结果表明:系统能够在夜间正常使用,灵敏度达到200倍以上弹径。     

弧形光源镜头式光幕灵敏度分布研究

针对室内大靶面光幕测试需求,对一种镜头式光幕探测灵敏度进行了分析,探测光幕由弧形光源配接天幕靶组成。介绍了镜头式光幕测试系统的构成,分析了扇面光幕的工作机理,给出了相应的灵敏度计算公式,根据镜头成像和扇面光幕形成原理,研究了光源放置距离R以及镜头物距l对镜头式光幕探测灵敏度的影响,并通过实验进行了验证。研究结果表明:文中所提的镜头式光幕能够正常工作,研究结果对进一步工程化设计提供了参考。     

一体化光幕阵列测量误差分析与结构参数优化

针对一体化六光幕阵列测量模型,提取模型中光幕结构参数,在MATLAB中建立模型进行仿真,逐一分析各结构参数影响下的对弹丸飞行速度和坐标测量误差的影响规律,给出结构参数优化方法。基于优化的结构参数典型值得到了1 m×1 m矩形靶面范围内弹丸飞行速度和坐标的测量误差分布。实弹试验表明弹丸飞行参数测量与仿真分析具有一致性,横坐标测量误差不超过3.1 mm,纵坐标测量误差不超过4.8 mm,速度测量误差小于1.1 m/s。该结果可为光幕阵列测量设备的工程设计提供理论依据,也可为提高身管武器弹丸飞行参数测量精度提供参考。     

可用于双目标同时着靶的单线阵相机坐标测量系统

提出了一种基于单线阵CCD相机的坐标测量系统。将相机的探测光幕面和激光器的光幕面设置在同一个平面内,投影板被激光器照亮,为相机提供具有一定亮度的探测背景。当两发弹丸同时穿越由激光器和线阵相机共同组成的探测光幕面时,会挡住激光器投射在投影板上的部分光线,并在投影板上留下两个弹丸的投影。相机采集到两个投影的影像和两发弹丸自身的影像,并通过计算机图像处理对两种影像加以区分和位置识别,得到弹丸在CCD器件上的成像点和弹丸在投影板上的投影点中心的位置坐标,然后再根据激光器发光点和探测镜头主点位置等系统参数,最终便可求解得到两发弹丸的着靶坐标。结果表明,所提出的测量原理是可行的,测量误差在靶面面积为0.5m×0.5m时约为1mm,如果进一步增大测量靶面面积,则可以满足现有靶场的测试需求。     

圆形阵列光电探测系统双目标识别方法

针对双弹丸同时着靶情况下的立靶坐标测量问题,提出一种圆形阵列光电探测系统的双目标识别方法。采用光电探测器件组成1个圆形的探测阵列,并将3个发光角度均为60°的扇形一字线激光器均匀设置于圆形探测阵列上组成探测光幕。当2发弹丸同时穿过探测光幕时,会在圆形探测阵列上产生6个弹丸投影,通过信号处理电路识别6个弹丸投影的中心位置,最后通过系统弹丸着靶坐标测量公式计算得到2发弹丸的着靶坐标。在对系统测量原理进行论述的基础上,建立了系统的弹丸着靶坐标测量模型,并对坐标测量误差进行了分析和仿真。仿真结果显示,系统在测量靶面为1 m×1 m时的X坐标测量误差标准差最大为2.7 mm,Y坐标测量误差标准差最大为0.6 mm。实验结果表明,系统在测量靶面为1 m×1 m时的X坐标测量误差标准差为2.22 mm,Y坐标测量误差标准差为1.98 mm。因此,该文所提出的系统可以有效测量弹径4.5 mm及其以上的双弹丸着靶坐标。     

用于CCD立靶的双光幕触发系统研究

针对靶场测试当中CCD立靶测量系统需要稳定可靠触发的需求,提出一种双光幕触发系统。采用镜头式光幕探测器配合高亮度LED慢散射光源组成触发探测光幕,利用2个同样的光幕探测器配合测时装置组成区截测速系统,根据测得的速度值判定飞越探测光幕的目标是否为真实弹丸,并决定是否输出触发信号。根据速度值V和触发光幕至CCD探测光幕的距离计算出弹丸飞越至探测光幕的时间,然后在弹丸飞越将近至探测光幕的时刻输出触发信号。该方案不但可以提高系统的稳定性,避免非真实目标对系统的干扰,还可以为后续CCD图像采集系统在准确时刻提供触发信号。经实验证明,所设计的双光幕触发系统的速度测量误差不大于0.4％,完全满足CCD立靶测量系统需要精确触发的要求。     

多幕光学法测量弹丸炸点坐标及误差分析

针对飞行弹丸对空中目标近炸炸点位置测量,提出了多幕光学法测量技术。根据试验特点,分析了多光幕交汇测量弹丸炸点位置存在的问题,研究了采用侧向相机辅助多光幕交汇测量技术。通过相机采集到的炸点图像,建立相机、模拟目标和多光幕交汇光幕阵列空间几何计算模型。利用弹丸的飞行轨迹和弹丸炸点图像平面坐标,研究了弹丸炸点侧向空间坐标的计算方法和多光幕交汇测量系统二维坐标修正原理,给出了弹丸炸点坐标计算函数。利用微分法从交汇光幕夹角、光幕幕厚、测时和测距等方面分析测量误差。经计算分析,模拟目标中心高度小于50m时,炸点三维坐标的误差小于40mm。     

基于原向反射式激光光幕厚度一致性研究

在原向反射式激光光幕测速技术中,针对半导体激光光源产生的激光光束散射角使得出射光幕厚度不一致、原向反射屏产生的反射光幕剩余发散角使反射光幕厚度不一致这两方面导致弹丸穿过光幕不同位置触发光幕响应时间不一致的问题,根据几何光学原理,对半导体激光器弧矢与子午方向建立数学模型,设计了具有不同面型的非球面准直透镜组,将出射光斑尺寸控制在1 mm之内且子午和弧矢方向发散角分别为0.13 mrad、0.46 mrad。出射光束经过Powell透镜一维扩束后,形成厚度为1 mm、均匀度达到85.7%的扇形出射光幕,经过原向反射后,配合狭缝光阑使反射光幕有效厚度控制在1 mm。使用Zemax软件模拟弹丸过靶仿真,弹丸不遮挡系统光幕时探测器接收到原向反射光强1.54 mW,弹丸遮挡系统光幕时探测器接收到原向反射光强为1.03 mW。当弹丸紧贴出射光幕侧面边缘(即1 mm光幕边缘),分别距离光源100 mm、300 mm、500 mm处的弹丸触发探测器接收到的光强大小均为1.54 mW,显然,光强相对于无弹丸遮挡光幕情况下没有产生变化,证明系统有效可探测光幕厚度一致且为1 mm。该结果表明,本研究方案具有可行性。     

室内超大面积探测区域测速光幕设计

针对大横截面室内靶道弹丸测速需求,提出了一种大面积探测区域测速光幕构建方法。采用90°探测视场的广角天幕靶作为接收装置和多段等长的排布成L形状的LED线阵列作为光源,各段LED线阵列光源均朝向广角天幕靶扇形视场中心,完全填充广角天幕靶的视场,在空域形成10m×10m的探测区域。给出了L形光源的详细设计,采用气枪弹进行了靶面内灵敏度验证试验和系统实弹射击试验。试验结果表明,所提出的方法是有效可行的,可满足10m×10m横截面室内靶道的测速需要。     

Analysis and calculation object detection capture rate in multi-sky-screens across measurement system

In this paper, a new calculation method on the capture rate of multi-sky-screens across measurement system was researched and analyzed. The measurement principle of multi-sky-screens across measurement system was introduced, and the optical detection principle and detection sensitivity were discussed based on photometric theory. According to the relation of detection screen thickness, projectile length and photoelectric detector performance, and the gradient screen characteristic, the calculation expression of capture rate on multi-sky-screens across measurement system was induced and analyzed in detail. From the three kind states relation between projectile length and detection screen thickness, the function of capture rates was analyzed and calculated by experimentation under different detection distances and different environments. The result shows when the projectile length is more than and equal to the detection screen thickness under the same conditions, the capture rate is highest; when the projectile length is less than the detection screen thickness, the capture rate will reduce; and the gradient screen's capture rate is less than vertical screen, those experiments are consistent with the theories analysis.     

Line-laser-based yarn shadow sensing break sensor

In this paper, a line-laser-based yarn break sensor is proposed. In the proposed sensor, yarns are illuminated by a line laser placed on one side of the yarn plane. A screen is placed on the other side and the image formed on the screen is detected by a camera. The total number of yarns is compared with the total number of shadows formed by the yarns or the total number of light spots formed due to the distances between yarns. If the total number of yarns to be detected is greater than the total number of shadows or light spots formed due to the distances between the yarns, the sensor warns of breaking. In the proposed method, evaluation is made using only light spots or shadows formed by the yarns. Consequently, the yarn type, structure, color, or dimensions do not affect the results.Design principles of the line-laser-based yarn break sensor, which consists of a screen and a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) camera, are presented. The screen displays the shadows formed by the yarns and the light spots formed due to the distances between them. The CCD camera detects the image on the screen. Formation of the shadows by the yarns is explained and an analytical formula that expresses the dimensions of the shadows is obtained. The detection area of the sensor is expressed relative to the total number of yarns, yarn thickness, and distances between the yarns. Line laser radiation angle and light spot intensity equations are obtained relative to the width of the detection area and the height of the line laser placement. The screen length is obtained relative to the number of yarns and the placement of the laser, the yarn plane, and the screen.Different placement situations of the line laser (transmitter), the screen, and the CCD camera (receiver) relative to the yarn plane are discussed. An experimental setup is developed to test the system. The image formed on the screen is studied.     

天幕立靶探测光幕响应时间一致性测量方法研究

为验证弹丸穿过天幕立靶时6个光幕响应时间是否一致，以提高测试设备测速精度，提出了一种用于检测天幕立靶光幕响应时间一致性的测量方法，设计了一种基于该测量方法的模拟弹丸过幕信号源测试装置。该装置调用存储在ROM中的弹丸轮廓数据，经DA转换控制两路光源间隔亮暗变化一次，用于模拟弹丸依次穿过探测光幕所遮挡的光能量变化。利用信号采集与处理仪同步采集两路输出信号时间间隔，与装置设定时间间隔的差值比较完成测试。测试结果表明:输出两路信号的时间间隔与设定时间间隔间的差值均小于1 μs，满足6个光幕响应时间一致性技术指标要求，该测试装置及测量方法可用于天幕立靶光幕响应时间一致性测量。     

Research on photoelectronics properties of array emitting diode and its light energy distribution in detection screen

According to the principle of multi-screen intersection target measure flying projectile parameters, the photoelectronics properties of array emitting diode that form detection screen in multi-screen intersection target and its light energy distributing were studied. The form of detection screen using array emitting diode and the measure principle of four screens intersection were analyzed. The properties of emitting diode were analyzed based on its compound emitting mechanism and P–N ties internal current carrier. The light energy superposition principle was applied to set up light energy distributing model and give out its arithmetic. Through calculation and analysis, the light energy distributing is asymmetric when being close to diode position and the output variation range of light energy is large relatively. When test position is far from diode, the light energy distributing is uniformity, but the energy is relatively feebleness in edge of screen. Detection screen light energy distribution is trapezoidal in whole screen. The variety of emitting diode luminous flux is very distinct when projectile close to pointing light source, the output signal in received detective circuit is very high which is propitious to improve acquirement rate.     

基于天幕靶的六光幕立靶测量原理

 为了能够同时测量弹丸在斜入射时的速度和着靶坐标,基于天幕靶的六光幕交汇立靶测量原理,利用6套天幕靶在空中形成6个探测光幕,当弹丸以一定的角度入射并依次穿过6个光幕时,由信号采集与处理系统测得弹丸穿过各个光幕的时间间隔,再根据各时间间隔值和系统结构参数,便可以求出弹丸的速度、弹道俯仰角、弹道方位角。给出了测量原理及公式,并对测量误差进行了分析,结果表明,该方法具有精度高且易于工程化的优点。