原子质心运动与暗态原子

本文利用高阶量子绝热近似方法讨论了量子微腔驻波场中三能级暗态原子与光场相互作用中原子质心运动对电子,光场系统动力学的影响。文章分析了绝热近似成立的条件以及非绝热因子对动力学演化的影响。文中还计算了原子在腔中的非绝热跃迁几率及各部分能量分布的平均值。     

复合绝热通道技术在谐相互作用调制的Landau-Zener模型中的应用

将复合绝热通道技术应用于谐相互作用调制的Landau-Zener模型, 研究了调制频率和耦合强度在不同的参量条件下系统的跃迁概率, 发现这种方法能够有效抑制跃迁概率的非绝热振荡, 可以在很大的参数范围内使布居数完全反转, 实现超高保真度,将系统的误差降低到10^-4以下. 关键词： 复合绝热通道技术 Landau-Zener模型 跃迁概率     

基态精细结构能级之间的量子相干引起的非线性效应

讨论了级联四能级系统中基态精细结构能级之间的量子相干引起的非线性效应。耦合场同时激励激发态的下精细结构能级和基态的两个精细结构能级之间的光学跃迁使系统中出现新吸收峰。研究结果表明,基态精细结构能级之间的粒子弛豫速率越小,量子相干效应越显著,但是增大耦合场的Rabi频率会削弱这种量子相干效应。     

基态精细结构能级之间的量子相干引起的非线性效应

讨论了级联四能级系统中基态精细结构能级之间的量子相干引起的非线性效应。耦合场同时激励激发态的下精细结构能级和基态的两个精细结构能级之间的光学跃迁使系统中出现新吸收峰。研究结果表明,基态精细结构能级之间的粒子弛豫速率越小,量子相干效应越显著,但是增大耦合场的Rabi频率会削弱这种量子相干效应。     

耦合Majorana束缚态T形双量子点中的Andreev反射

研究了连接在正常金属电极和超导电极之间的耦合Majorana束缚态(MBSs)T形双量子点结构中的Andreev反射.研究发现,对于T形双量子点结构,当入射能量等于边耦合量子点能级时Andreev反射电导出现Fano振荡,连接MBSs之后,零费米能附近出现一对新的Fano型振荡峰.如果忽略两个MBSs之间的相互作用,零费米能点的Andreev反射电导为定值1/2G_0(G_0=2e~2/h),不受量子点能级、双量子点之间耦合强度以及量子点与MBSs之间的耦合强度的影响.此外,在没有耦合MBSs的T形双量子点结构中,调节双量子点间的耦合强度可以使零费米能附近的Andreev反射电导出现由共振带向反共振带的转变,而耦合MBSs之后,又可以使反共振消失转而出现新的共振峰.     

晶格量子涨落对spin-Peierls系统低能量激发态的影响

在非绝热近似下，研究了一维spin-Peierls系统中晶格量子涨落 对系统性质的影响，讨论了系统的二聚化相变、单粒子激发和双粒子束缚态. 结果表明，量子晶格涨落会抑制晶格的二聚化，破坏系统的spin-Peierls基态稳定性.在临界点，系统发生从二聚化spin-Peierls态向无能隙态的相变. 自旋声子耦合强度对束缚态能隙的影响比单粒子激发谱能隙显著. 关键词： sin-Peierls系统 非绝热近似 玻色化 相图     

低频强场作用下三维光子晶体中二能级原子的自发辐射性质

研究了处于三维光子晶体中，且在强相干的低频场的驱动下的单个二能级原子的自发辐射性质.由于低频场的影响，使得原子产生了在跃迁过程中吸收或发射一个低频光子的衰减渠道.这些跃迁导致了自发辐射的量子干涉，再加上光子晶体能带带边的作用，自发辐射被显著抑制.原子的布居俘获依赖于原子上能级与能带带边的相对位置，低频场的频率和原子不同跃迁通道间的相对跃迁强度. 关键词： 光子晶体 二能级原子 自发辐射     

V型三能级原子双模光场系统中的量子特性

研究了双模相干态光场与V型原子相互作用的量子系统,并在非旋波近似下对量子系统的布居概率和量子纠缠进行了精确求解。讨论了平均光子数■以及原子初始状态能级叠加对布局概率和量子纠缠的影响,分析了非旋波项跃迁对量子系统动力学特点产生影响的原因。结果表明:随着■的增大布居概率和量子纠缠演化周期逐渐增大。布居概率塌缩区对应系统纠缠度较小,布居概率回复区对应系统纠缠度较大。原子处于叠加态时,量子纠缠初始值和平均值会降低。非旋波项的跃迁使布居概率和纠缠演化曲线出现锯齿状振荡。     

失谐对腔量子电动力学系统中纠缠特性的影响

采用Negativity度量两子系统间的纠缠,研究了两个全同二能级原子与腔相互作用系统中的量子纠缠。考虑原子与腔场失谐相互作用,并且原子间存在偶极相互作用的情况。利用数值计算方法,讨论了失谐量和偶极相互作用强度变化对量子纠缠的影响。研究结果表明:随失谐量增大和偶极相互作用强度增大,两原子间纠缠增强。另一方面,随失谐量逐渐增大,两原子间纠缠呈现出从不规则振荡向准周期性振荡转变。随偶极相互作用强度增大,原子间纠缠振荡频率加快。     

两个正交子能级的V型三能级系统的粒子数振荡特性

研究了线偏振脉冲光场激发下,半导体量子点中两个正交子能级上的粒子数振荡特性.利用旋转波近似方法给出了共振激发和无衰减时粒子数运动方程的解析解.引入了该系统的等效跃迁偶极矩和等效脉冲面积，并给出了其关系表达式.理论分析表明，该体系中的子能级上粒子数振荡的振幅和频率都可以通过改变激发场的偏振角和系统的初态条件进行调控. 关键词： Rabi振荡 旋转波近似 三能级系统     

The upper bound function of nonadiabatic dynamics in parametric driving quantum systems

The adiabatic control is a powerful technique for many practical applications in quantum state engineering, light-driven chemical reactions and geometrical quantum computations. This paper reveals a speed limit of nonadiabatic transition in a general time-dependent parametric quantum system that leads to an upper bound function which lays down an optimal criteria for the adiabatic controls. The upper bound function of transition rate between instantaneous eigenstates of a time-dependent system is determined by the power fluctuations of the system relative to the minimum gap between the instantaneous levels. In a parametric Hilbert space, the driving power corresponds to the quantum work done by the parametric force multiplying the parametric velocity along the parametric driving path. The general two-state time-dependent models are investigated as examples to calculate the bound functions in some general driving schemes with one and two driving parameters. The calculations show that the upper bound function provides a tighter real-time estimation of nonadiabatic transition and is closely dependent on the driving frequencies and the energy gap of the system. The deviations of the real phase from Berry phase on different closed paths are induced by the nonadiabatic transitions and can be efficiently controlled by the upper bound functions. When the upper bound is adiabatically controlled, the Berry phases of the electronic spin exhibit nonlinear step-like behaviors and it is closely related to topological structures of the complicated parametric paths on Bloch sphere.     

Controlled π-junctions in a T-shaped double quantum dot system

The π-junction transition of a T-shaped double quantum dot system is investigated theoretically by using the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. It is found that the π-junction transition can occur with increasing the spin-flip strength. Furthermore, the π-junction in the system can be controlled by tuning the system parameters, such as the two quantum dot energy levels and the interdot coupling. These controlled π-junction transitions are interpreted in the picture of current-carrying density of states. When the main contributions to supercurrent is changed between the positive discrete spectrum and the negative continuous spectrum, the π-junction transitions can happen.     

Geometric phase contribution to quantum nonequilibrium many-body dynamics

We study the influence of geometry of quantum systems underlying space of states on its quantum many-body dynamics. We observe an interplay between dynamical and topological ingredients of quantum nonequilibrium dynamics revealed by the geometrical structure of the quantum space of states. As a primary example we use the anisotropic XY ring in a transverse magnetic field with an additional time-dependent flux. In particular, if the flux insertion is slow, nonadiabatic transitions in the dynamics are dominated by the dynamical phase. In the opposite limit geometric phase strongly affects transition probabilities. This interplay can lead to a nonequilibrium phase transition between these two regimes. We also analyze the effect of geometric phase on defect generation during crossing a quantum-critical point.     

Visualization of chemical reaction dynamics: Toward understanding complex polyatomic reactions

Polyatomic molecules have several electronic states that have similar energies. Consequently, their chemical dynamics often involve nonadiabatic transitions between multiple potential energy surfaces. Elucidating the complex reactions of polyatomic molecules is one of the most important tasks of theoretical and experimental studies of chemical dynamics. This paper describes our recent experimental studies of the multidimensional multisurface dynamics of polyatomic molecules based on two-dimensional ion/electron imaging. It also discusses ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids for elucidating nonadiabatic electronic dynamics in aqueous solutions.     

Coherent scattering with pulsed matter beams

We present a quantum theory for the interaction of a quantum target with a time dependent matter beam. When several pulses in the incident beam arrive with a period tau, transitions between levels with an energy difference h/tau can be enhanced. Unlike all previous studies, we find that transitions in passive targets can distinguish between an incoherent beam and a beam with a coherent wave packet structure. As an example, we calculate the transition probability of Rb Rydberg atoms interacting with a pulsed electron beam.     

Dynamics of spontaneous radiation of atoms scattered by a resonance standing light wave

The scattering of atoms by a resonance standing light wave is considered under conditions when the lower of two resonance levels is metastable, while the upper level rapidly decays due to mainly spontaneous radiative transitions to the nonresonance levels of an atom. The diffraction scattering regime is studied, when the Rabi frequency is sufficiently high and many diffraction maxima are formed due to scattering. The dynamics of spontaneous radiation of an atom is investigated. It is shown that scattering slows down substantially the radiative decay of the atom. The regions and characteristics of the power and exponential decay are determined. The adiabatic and nonadiabatic scattering regimes are studied. It is shown that the wave packets of atoms in the metastable and resonance excited states narrow down during scattering. A limiting (minimal) size of the wave packets is found, which is achieved upon nonadiabatic scattering in the case of a sufficiently long interaction time.     

Plasmon-phonon mechanism of nonradiative transition 2S 1/2 → 2P 1/2 in grazing scattering of a hydrogen atom at the surface of a solid

The probability of nonradiative transition 2S _1/2 ?? 2P _1/2 in the case of grazing scattering of a hydrogen atom with an energy on the order of 1 keV at an Au and LiF surface is calculated in the semiclassical theory of nonadiabatic transitions. The transitions are induced by the interaction of the atom with the fields of surface plasmons and optical phonons, respectively. A formalism is developed which makes it possible to exceed the approximation based on the method of electrical images of charges. The value of the probability of scattering at LiF is high enough for experimental observation of the effect. The probability of this transition is determined for the motion of the atom parallel to the metal surface.     

Non-relativistic Quantum Theory at Finite Temperature

We propose the non-relativistic finite temperature quantum wave equations for a single particle and multiple particles. We give the relation between energy eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, transition frequency and temperature, and obtain some results: (1) when the degeneracies of two energy levels are same, the transition frequency between the two energy levels is unchanged when the temperature is changed. (2) When the degeneracies of two energy levels are different, the variance of transition frequency at two energy levels is direct proportion to temperature difference.     

Kawasaki Dynamics with Two Types of Particles: Stable/Metastable Configurations and Communication Heights

This is the second in a series of three papers in which we study a two-dimensional lattice gas consisting of two types of particles subject to Kawasaki dynamics at low temperature in a large finite box with an open boundary. Each pair of particles occupying neighboring sites has a negative binding energy provided their types are different, while each particle has a positive activation energy that depends on its type. There is no binding energy between particles of the same type. At the boundary of the box particles are created and annihilated in a way that represents the presence of an infinite gas reservoir. We start the dynamics from the empty box and are interested in the transition time to the full box. This transition is triggered by a critical droplet appearing somewhere in the box.     

Combined effects of particle interaction and nonlinear sweep on Landau-Zener transition

We investigate the Landau-Zener transition (LZT) of a two-level system with two types of nonlinearity: particle interaction and nonlinear time-dependent energy sweep, both numerically and analytically. Due to the interplay between these two types of nonlinearity, many interesting phenomena in different parameter regions occur, including breakdown of adiabaticity, fade-out of interference phenomenon, and asymmetry of transition probability. The potential experimental observation of transition dynamics in this system is suggested.