CdS纳米晶的制备及其荧光研究

以醋酸镉、L-半胱氨酸为主要原料,采用水热法制备了尺寸小于10nm、具有强光致荧光的纤锌矿结构CdS半导体纳米晶.水热法可以将晶核形成与晶体生长阶段较好地分开,加之提供的高温熟化条件,可以得到粒度小而均匀、结构良好的纳米晶.用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、XRD对产品的晶体大小、结构进行了详细地表征,分析了影响纳米晶尺寸的因素,用相关性较好的荧光激发与发射光谱研究了硫化镉纳米晶的光致荧光性能.制备的硫化镉(CdS)纳米晶结构良好、粒度均匀、荧光激发专一,最大激发波长在338nm,其发射荧光的波长位于419nm,发射强度大.     

PVP辅助水热合成GdF3∶ Eu3+纳米晶及发光性质研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂,采用水热法制备了GdF3∶Eu3+纳米晶.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和荧光光谱对样品进行了表征.XRD研究结果表明:制备的样品为正交结构的GdF3纳米晶.PVP的使用有利于减小晶粒尺寸和提高颗粒的均匀性.发射光谱研究结果表明:位于594 nm处的主发射峰来自于Eu3+的5 D0→7F1磁偶极跃迁.5D0→7F1与5 D0→7 F2跃迁发射强度比值表明:以PVP为表面活性剂制备的样品中Eu3+的局域对称性相对下降.激发光谱研究结果表明:Gd3+与Eu3+之间有较好的能量传递.纳米晶表面的PVP可能与稀土离子之间形成配位键.     

L-半胱氨酸修饰的ZnS∶Co/ZnS量子点的合成及表征

选用L-半胱氨酸作为修饰剂,采用共沉淀法在水溶液中合成了ZnS∶ Co/ZnS量子点.通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱(PL)对量子点的结构、形貌、组成及光谱性质进行表征.结果表明:ZnS∶ Co/ZnS量子点为立方闪锌矿结构,颗粒呈球形,分散性好,颗粒尺寸约为3.3nm1;随着ZnS壳层增厚,ZnS∶ Co/ZnS量子点的荧光发射峰强度先增大后减小,核壳比为1∶0.15时发光强度达到最大.Co2+的掺杂和ZnS壳层的形成使量子点的荧光量子产率从2.4;增加到9.8;.L-半胱氨酸分子通过其巯基与量子点表面的金属离子配位,从而修饰在量子点的表面,使该量子点具有水溶性、生物相容性和生物可偶联性.     

形貌可控Co3O4纳米晶的水热合成及表征

以硝酸钴、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和氢氧化钠为主要原料,采用传统水热法制备了类十四面体、立方体、以及六方片状Co3O4纳米晶.研究了氢氧化钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入量,以及水热反应温度和不同反应溶剂对产物形貌的影响.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试样进行了表征.结果表明:氢氧化钠加入量对水热产物形貌具有重要影响,氢氧化钠加入量分别为5 mL、7 mL、分别制备出Co3 O4类十四面体、六面体Co3 O4纳米晶,当聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入量为0.5g、醇水比为1∶1、水热温度为200℃时,氢氧化钠加入量为20 mL时,制备出六方片状β-Co(OH)2前驱体.通过300℃煅烧前驱体可以得到单分散性良好的六方Co3 O4纳米片.     

硫化铋纳米管的制备及性能研究

以NaBiS2为前驱物采用水热法合成了硫化铋纳米管,运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis-NIR)、荧光分光光度计(PL)等检测手段对样品进行表征.结果表明制备的Bi2S3为正交相纳米晶,产物形貌受到反应物比例、温度、时间等因素影响,Bi2S3纳米管的形成是固体-溶液-固体转化过程.紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱表明Bi2S3纳米管对900nm以下的光有较强的吸收,当激发波长为519 nm时,Bi2S3纳米管在778 nm处有一个较强的荧光发射峰.     

Er:GaN微纳米晶发光性能研究

采用溶液化学方法制备了Er3+掺杂浓度为1at%的Er∶GaN微纳米晶材料。对退火前后材料的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了表征。结果表明:Er∶GaN微纳米晶样品为纯的六方GaN相。退火后出现晶粒长大现象,且氧含量降低,微纳米晶的结晶质量变好。退火处理后出现了Er3+相关的524 nm和547 nm的绿光峰,660 nm的红光峰。在980 nm激发下,在Yb,Er∶GaN微纳米晶样品中实现了上转换荧光发射,并观察到了和Er∶GaN微纳米晶相同的发光峰。     

模板剂对微波水热合成CdS微晶相组成、形貌及光学性能的影响

采用微波水热法,以CdCl2·H2O和Na2S2O3·5H2O为镉源和硫源,分别以柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、六亚甲基四胺(乌洛托品)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为模板剂,合成了不同微观形貌的硫化镉微晶.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、EDS、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对样品的物相、形貌和元素组成进行了分析.结果表明:通过添加不同模板剂制备了球形、花状和棒状硫化镉微晶,制备的硫化镉微晶结晶良好;紫外-可见吸收光谱分析表明,产物均发生了不同程度的蓝移.     

Ce3+掺杂CsPbBr3纳米晶的制备与性能

采用热注入法制备Ce³⁺掺杂CsPbBr₃纳米晶,利用XRD、TEM、XPS、UV-Vis、PL、Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy、J-V曲线测试等对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌、化学组成、光吸收性能、发光性能、荧光寿命和荧光太阳能集光器(LSC)的光学效率进行表征。实验结果表明:采用热注入法成功制备出分散性良好、平均晶粒大小为12.26 nm的立方相Ce³⁺掺杂CsPbBr₃纳米晶。Ce³⁺掺杂CsPbBr₃纳米晶的光学带隙和荧光发射峰强度随着Ce/Pb摩尔比的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,当n(Ce)/n(Pb)=0.25时,光学带隙达到最大为2.416 eV,发光强度最强,荧光发射峰由纯CsPbBr₃纳米晶的515 nm蓝移到510 nm,Ce³⁺掺杂CsPbBr₃纳米晶的发光性能与稳定性均得到增强。Ce³⁺掺杂CsPbBr₃纳米晶与聚苯乙烯溶液制备复合薄膜型LSC器件的光学效率ηopt最高达到6.81%。     

水热法制备不同粒度GdVO4∶Eu3+纳米荧光粉及发光性能研究

采用水热法在不同pH条件下制备出不同晶粒度GdVO4∶ Eu3+荧光粉.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和荧光光谱对GdVO4∶ Eu3+的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了研究.讨论了溶液的pH对晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:合成的样品均为单一的GdVO4四方晶相,纳米晶的一次性平均粒径分布在19～41 nm.反应溶液pH为6时,合成样品平均晶粒尺寸最小.激发带主要来自于V-O的电荷迁移带,发射光谱的主发射峰来自于5D0→7F2电偶极跃迁,不同pH值条件下制备的样品的电荷迁移带、发光强度、发射峰相对强度有所不同.     

水溶性ZnS∶Ni量子点的合成及荧光性质

以L-半胱氨酸为修饰剂,采用化学共沉淀法在水溶液中合成了ZnS∶Ni量子点.通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(IR)和荧光光谱(PL)对量子点的结构、组成、形貌及光谱性质进行表征.结果表明:ZnS∶ Ni量子点为立方闪锌矿结构,颗粒呈球形,平均尺寸约为2.9 nm,分散性良好;随着Ni2掺杂浓度的增加,ZnS∶ Ni量子点的荧光发射强度先增强后减弱,当Ni2+掺杂浓度为0.7;时,发射强度达到最大.经室内自然光照后,ZnS∶ Ni量子点的荧光量子产率可达15.4;.修饰在量子点表面的L-半胱氨酸使该量子点具有良好的水溶性、生物相容性和生物大分子可偶联性.     

CdS纳米棒的水热法制备及形成机理研究

采用水热法以Na2S· 9H2O为硫源,Cd3O12S3·8H2O为镉源,PVP为表面活性剂,成功制备了CdS纳米棒.并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(SAED)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线能量色散分析谱仪(XEDS)和紫外可见(UV-vis)分光光度计等测试手段对样品的晶体结构、形貌、微观结构和光学特性等特征进行了表征分析,实验结果表明本方法所制备的CdS纳米棒为纤锌矿结构,沿[001]方向择优生长,平均直径大约为50 nm,棒宽均匀、分散性好,带隙为2.43 eV.同时也对CdS纳米棒的形成机理进行了初步探讨,提出了CdS纳米棒的生长模型,其形貌从三角形到阶梯形棒晶,最后再到完整的棒状晶体的一个定向团聚的自组装过程.     

A novel sonochemical synthesis and nanostructured assembly of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped CdS colloidal nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of cadmium sulfide (nano-CdS) have been successfully prepared from an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride and sodium sulfide by a novel sonochemical method. Through adding polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) as the dispersant, a yellow translucent colloidal solution of cadmium sulfide which was considerably stable within at least one month was obtained. The characterizations of nanoparticles by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and FT-IR spectroscopy showed good properties of small size, high surface area and crystal structure. The size of the prepared nanoparticles was about 3–5 nm according to XRD spectra and TEM images. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) has been employed to fabricate multilayer films on quartz wafer and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode in a layer-by-layer manner. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) displayed the dense coverage of the substrate surface by the nanoparticles. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy confirmed the consecutive growth of PDDA/nanoparticles layer pairs. The photoelectrochemical and the electrochemical behaviors of the prepared CdS particle were examined as well.     

反相微乳液法制备CdS/ZnS纳米晶及其表征

用反相微乳液法制备了CdS纳米粒子,以ZnS对其表面进行包裹,得到了核壳结构的CdS/ZnS纳米晶.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)表征其结构、粒度和形貌,紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-VIS)、光致发光光谱(PL)表征其光学特性.制得的CdS纳米微粒近似呈球形,直径约3.6nm;包裹以后颗粒仍为球形,粒径约10nm,以XRD、UV-VIS和PL证实了CdS/ZnS核壳结构的实现.文章还研究了不同Zn/Cd的摩尔比对CdS/ZnS纳米微粒光学性能的影响,UV-VIS谱表明随着壳层厚度的增加CdS/ZnS纳米晶的吸收带边有轻微的红移;PL谱表明壳层ZnS的包覆可减少CdS纳米微粒的表面缺陷,带边直接复合发光几率增大,且具有合适的壳层厚度时,CdS核层的发光效率有较大提高.     

Preparation of CdS nanowires by the decomposition of the complex in the presence of microwave irradiation

A novel synthetic route for the preparation of CdS nanowires has been developed. CdS nanowires with a diameter of ca. 4 nm have been successfully prepared by the microwave irradiation of a complex of cadmium-1-pyrrlidine dithio carboxylic acid ammonium (C₅H₁₂N₂S₂, APDTC) [Cd(APDTC)₂]₂ in an ethylenediamine solution. The CdS nanowires were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction pattern, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, diffuse reflection spectroscopy and PL spectroscopy.     

NiTiO3纳米晶的溶胶-凝胶制备工艺研究

以无机镍盐和钛酸四丁酯为起始原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了NiTiO3纳米晶.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DSC/TG)以及透射电镜(TEM)对制备的纳米晶进行了测试和表征.研究了不同镍源、后处理温度对钛酸镍纳米晶相组成以及显微结构的影响.结果表明:以硝酸镍为起始原料更易获得单一物相的NiTiO3纳米晶;以硝酸镍为原料,乙醇为溶剂,n(柠檬酸):n(Ni2++Ti4+)=1:1,后处理温度为700 ℃为制备NiTiO3纳米晶的最佳工艺条件.由谢乐公式推算得出NiTiO3晶粒生长符合Brook关系式,计算得到晶粒生长活化能为Ea=43.07 kJ/mol.     

Fabrication of CdS nanorods in inverse microemulsion using HEC as a template by a convenient γ-irradiation technique

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystals were successfully prepared in inverse microemulsion under γ-irradiation at room temperature. Their shape can be controlled by changing the surfactant concentrations and the addition of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as the template. CdS nanorods were successfully obtained under γ-irradiation using HEC as the template, which was confirmed by the observation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Without the addition of HEC, spherical CdS crystals were formed. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern and electron diffraction (ED) analysis showed the hexagonal lattice of CdS in the nanorods. Additionally, the optical properties of CdS nanorods were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.     

Optical properties of flower‐like CdS prepared by a hydrothermal method with SDBS as surfactant

In this article, flower‐like CdS structures have been prepared by a hydrothermal method with SDBS as surfactant. The influences of different experimental conditions on the morphologies, UV‐Vis and fluorescence properties of CdS have been investigated. The performances of CdS have been analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), ultraviolet‐visible (UV–Vis) and room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL). The XRD result indicates that the flower‐like CdS structures are of hexagonal phase. The FESEM results indicate that the main role of SDBS is to make the CdS crystals assemble together to form the flower‐like structures. The UV–Vis results show CdS has a strong absorption in the ultraviolet region and visible‐light region. The PL results show CdS has two emission peaks, respectively at 461 nm and 553 nm. The growth mechanism for the formation of flower‐like CdS structures is also described.     

Fabrication of ferric oxide/reduced graphene oxide/cadmium sulfide heterostructure photoelectrode for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance

A novel high‐efficiency photoelectrode (Fe₂O₃/reduced graphene oxide/CdS) built from heterostructure and conductive scaffold has been successfully designed and synthesized. Reduced graphene oxide works as a “bridge” which benefits for electron and hole transport. The obtained heterostructure photoelectrodes were systematically characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photoconversion efficiency (η) and photocurrent densities vs. time (I‐t) curves responding to monochromatic lights have been further investigated in‐depth, which reveals that introduction of CdS and reduced graphene oxide played an important role in the enhancement of photoelectrochemical performance.     

Preparation of dendritic‐like CdS by hydrothermal method and its photocatalytic performance

In this article, dendritic‐like CdS has been prepared by a hydrothermal method using thiourea as the sulfur source, and the effects of experimental conditions on the morphologies of CdS have been investigated. The performances of CdS have been analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and the fluorescence and photodegradation properties of CdS have also been investigated. The XRD result indicates that the dendritic‐like CdS are of hexagonal phase and they are highly crystallized. Also, the FESEM results show that the ratio of raw material affects the yield of CdS, the reaction time affects the morphology of CdS. The best morphology of CdS is dendritic structures and the length is about 6 μm. The fluorescence spectrum shows three peaks at 470 nm, 513 nm and 547 nm, which indicates that the dendritic‐like CdS mainly emits green and blue fluorescence. Moreover, the dendritic‐like CdS exhibits good photocatalytic activity and its photodegradation rate to methylene blue can reach 92%. The growth mechanism for the formation of CdS with dendritic structure is also described.