Spatial Analyticity of the Solutions to the Subcritical Dissipative Quasi-geostrophic Equations

We employ a new bilinear estimate to show that solutions to the subcritical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equations with initial data in the scaling-invariant Lebesgue space are analytic in space variables. Some decay in time estimates for space–time derivatives are also obtained.     

Non-linear and linear evolution of perturbation in stochastic basic flows

In this paper, we examine the non-linear and linear evolutions of perturbation in stochastic basic flows with two-dimensional quasi-geostrophic equations on a sphere. As the analytic solutions for the considered quasi-geostrophic equations are not available, the Fourier finite volume element method is used to perform numerical simulation. It is found that, the non-linear and linear evolutions of perturbation in stochastic basic flow will be consistent for a short period of time and small stochastic fluctuations when they are consistent in the deterministic basic flow. However, the tangent linear model will fail to approximate the original non-linear model when the time period is considerably long and stochastic fluctuation becomes large. Moreover, the global energy decays faster for stochastic basic flow with stronger fluctuations.     

大气运动不稳定的变分原理(Ⅱ)

<正> 7 分层流模式 假设有J薄层均匀流体,其上边界面、密度和速度分别由Z_k;ρ_k和V_k表示,k=1,2,…,J(图3)。我们有如下的基本方程组 (曾庆存,1979):      

Structure extraction by stochastic estimation with adaptive events

Various aspects of turbulence structure can be found by a new class of stochasticestimation methods in which the conditional events that define the stochastic estimate are systematically varied. Methods are presented to find the length scale of large periodic structures, the form of structures that have specified geometric constraints such as two-dimensionality, and the structure of small-scale motions embedded in large-scale motions. These methodologies are demonstrated in high Rayleigh number turbulent convection by extracting both the large-scale roll-cell and coherent thermal plumes. A method of compressed representation using a stochastic estimate given data on optimally chosen points is also demonstrated.This work was supported by AFOSR Grant 90-0169, ONR Grant N000-14-90-J-1415, and NSF Grant ATM 89-20605.     

Invariant sub-manifolds and modes of nonlinear autonomous systems

I.IntroductionIntheengineeringanalysis,themethodsoflinearmodeexpansionareusedtoapproximatethemotionofthenonlinearsystems(suchastheGalerkinmethods).Becauseoflackinggrounds,theresultsarenotreliable.Forthisreason,thestudiesofnonlinearmodesarouseconsiderableinterests.Buttherearemanydifficultiescausedbyitscomplexity.Manyscentistsandengineerspayattentiontothedefinitionandcomputationofnonlinearmodesthathavenotbeensolvedcompletely.Inthe60's,Rosenbergputforwardadefinitionofnonlinearmodesforconservati…     

Parameterization of the in-water motions of falling cylinders using high-speed video

A methodology to observe the motions of large cylinders falling freely at large (~10⁶) Reynolds numbers using a stereometric, high-speed video technique is presented. Parameter variation in length, weight, center of mass, and nose shape combined with changes in release height and initial inclination angle were used to estimate the influence of net drag forces on six cylinder bodies. Cylinders with coincident centers of volume and mass typically assumed body orientations with the major axis aligned normal to the path of descent indicating that buoyancy forces and turbulent drag balanced the inertia of the body and displaced water. Displacement of the center of mass resulted in more vertical orientations and more complex motions. Abrupt changes in position, orientation, and velocity were also observed when air-dropped cylinders separated from a trapped cloud of bubbles signifying the onset of less predictable behaviors.     

Some problems and issues in geophysical turbulence

Velocity fluctuations in the large scales of the atmosphere's meso-scale have turbulent characteristics of random fluctuations and a scale-size distribution near k^−5/3 (Gage, 1979. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1950–1954; Lilly, 1983. J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 749–761; Lilly et al., 1998. Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 11, 139–153). Explanations of this motion field have ranged from inverse cascading quasi-geostrophic (i.e. quasi-two-dimensional) turbulence, to gravity waves (VanZandt, 1982. Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 575–578). We describe efforts to relate observational spectra to various theories ranging from quasi-geostrophic turbulence to gravity waves. We note that at the larger scales quasi-geostrophic theory may suffice, but at smaller scales, a quasi-geostrophic explanation becomes untenable because the importance of rotation becomes progressively weaker as scales of the flow becomes smaller (the Rossby number approaches unity). We then discuss numerical simulations designed to discriminate between alternative explanations of the flow. Several simulations are reviewed, starting with those of Herring and Métais (1989. J. Fluid Mech. 202, 97–115), and finally those described by Lilly et al. (1998. Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 11, 139–153).     

Absence of Anomalous Dissipation of Energy in Forced Two Dimensional Fluid Equations

We prove the absence of anomalous dissipation of energy for long time averaged solutions of the forced critical surface quasi-geostrophic equation in two spatial dimensions.     

考虑双向地震动作用的非对称结构多维Pushover分析

目前的Pushover分析多集中于平面单向分析,考虑到非对称结构反应的多维性,在单向地震动作用振型Pushover分析研究基础上,提出了考虑双向地震动作用的结构多维Pushover分析程序。采用弹性振型分解的思路,将非线性结构反应近似为结构多振型弹塑性反应的叠加,进而将结构按振型等效为多个等效方程,将每一等效方程转化为以双向实际地震记录的组合为地震输入的等效单自由度体系。在此基础上给出了考虑双向地震作用的非对称结构多维Pushover分析程序,并阐述了该方法与传统Pushover分析方法的区别,最后通过算例将该方法结果与非线性时程分析结果进行比较,证明了该方法具有一定的准确性。     

Asymptotic Behaviour of Coupled Systems in Discrete and Continuous Time

This paper investigates the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to certain infinite systems of coupled recurrence relations. In particular, we obtain a characterisation of those initial values which lead to a convergent solution, and for initial values satisfying a slightly stronger condition we obtain an optimal estimate on the rate of convergence. By establishing a connection with a related problem in continuous time, we are able to use this optimal estimate to improve the rate of convergence in the continuous setting obtained by the authors in a previous paper. We illustrate the power of the general approach by using it to study several concrete examples, both in continuous and in discrete time.     

Separation of screw-sensed particles in a homogeneous shear field

The Stokes motions of three-dimensional screw-sensed slender particles in a homogeneous shear field are investigated, including the effects of buoyancy. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility of achieving a separation of mixtures of right- and left-handed particles. The linearity of the Stokes equations allows complex flows to be solved by adding the effects of the several terms which describe the flow in which the particle is immersed. The homogeneous shear flow considered here consists of three such terms; solutions for a series of 12 unit motions are sufficient to determine the hydrodynamic resistance tensors. The forces and torques experienced by screw-sensed particles are calculated from these 51 resistance tensors, using slender-filament theory. The results allow an estimate of the range of buoyancy parameters for which gravitational sedimentation can be neglected. The fundamental component of the particle motion is a rotation, at approximately the same angular velocity as that of the fluid. Superimposed on this are variations, of large period, in the particle orientation. A phase plane analysis is used to find the terminal orientations. Very long calculation times are required for the phase portrait. An approximate method based on azimuthally-averaged equations is developed to avoid the requirements for long time integration.     

三维数值流形方法及其在复合材料中的应用

数值流形方法在进行接触判断时,传统的直接判断法在三维情况下检索困难,计算量大,对大规模工程问题是不适用的。为此,本文将公共面法引入三维数值流形方法的接触判断,使接触判断的计算量大大减少。目前,数值流形方法主要应用于岩石力学分析,为了拓宽其应用领域,作者比较了复合材料与岩石结构的异同,将其应用于复合材料的数值模拟,数值结果表明,该方法收敛快、精度高,弥补了有限元的不足。     

Localized dipoles: from 2D to rotating shallow water

The progress made in the theory of localized dipoles over the course of the past century is overviewed. The dependence between the dipole shape, on the one hand, and the vorticity–streamfunction relation in the frame of reference co-moving with the dipole, on the other hand, is discussed. We show that, in 2D non-divergent and quasi-geostrophic dipoles, circularity of the trapped-fluid region and linearity of the vorticity–streamfunction relation in this region are equivalent. The existence of elliptical dipoles of high smoothness is demonstrated. A generalization of the dipole theory to the rotating shallow water model is offered. This includes the construction of localized f-plane dipole solutions (modons) and demonstration of their soliton nature, and derivation of a necessary condition for an eastward-traveling β-plane modon to exist. General properties of such ageostrophic modons are discussed, and the fundamental dissimilarity of fast and/or large dipoles in the rotating shallow water model from quasi-geostrophic dipoles is demonstrated and explained.     

Transient response of a ship to an abrupt flooding accounting for the momentum flux

Numerical non-linear time domain simulation method for damaged ship motions is presented. Floodwater motion modelling is based on the lumped mass method with a moving free surface. The ship and floodwater motions are fully coupled. The variation of the floodwater mass is accounted for. A model to account for the flooding ingress transporting the momentum is presented. The experiments of abrupt flooding have shown that the ship may experience the first large roll towards the undamaged side, especially when a large undivided compartment is flooded. The presented time domain model is validated against the experimental data on the roll damping of the flooded ship and transient flooding. Two different initial stability conditions and two different compartment layouts are studied. Viscous dissipation of the floodwater motions is modelled with an equivalent friction coefficient. The impact of the viscous damping is studied. Transient flooding tests show that the inflow momentum has to be accounted for when the undivided compartment is flooded. The simulation model is capable of capturing the impact of the inflooding jet and the first roll on the opposite side of the damage is reproduced.     

Statistics of quasi-geostrophic point vortices

The statistics of quasi-geostrophic point vortices is investigated theoretically and numerically, in order to understand fundamental aspects of quasi-geostrophic turbulence. The numerical computations are performed using the fast special-purpose computer for molecular dynamics simulations, MDGRAPE-2/3. The most probable vortex distributions are determined based on the maximum entropy theory. The theoretical predictions agree well with the numerical results.     

Localization and approximation of attractors for the Ginzburg-Landau equation

This paper studies the long-term behavior of solutions to the Ginzburg-Landau partial differential equation. For each positive integerm we explicitly produce a sequence of approximate inertial manifolds _m,j ,j = 1, 2,..., of dimensionm and associate with each manifold a thin neighborhood into which the orbits enter with an exponential speed and in a finite time. Of course this neighborhood contains the universal attractor which embodies the large time dynamics of the equations. The thickness of these neighborhoods decreases with increasingm for a fixed orderj; however, for a fixedm no conclusion can be made about the thickness of the neighborhoods associated to two differentj's. The neighborhoods associated to the manifolds localize the universal attractor and provide computabie large time approximations to solutions of the Ginzburg-Landau equation.     

Quasi-geostrophic motions in a rotating layer of an electrically conducting fluid

Large-scale nonlinear oscillations of an electrically conducting ideal fluid of varying depth are considered with the magnetic, Archimedean, and Coriolis forces taken into account. The main equations are derived from an analysis of the scales of quasi-geostrophic motions. Under the assumptions that the Rossby numbers (a measure of the ratio of the local and advective accelerations to the Coriolis acceleration) are of the same order, the problem is reduced to a system of three nonlinear equations for hydromagnetic pressure and two functions describing the magnetic field. For an infinitely long horizontal layer of an electrically conducting rotating fluid, the exact solution of the corresponding nonlinear equations and the dispersion relation are obtained under the assumption of an approximately constant slope of the upper boundary surface of the layer at a distance of the order of the wavelength. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 30–41, January–February, 2009.     

模型昆虫翼作非定常i运动时的气动力特性

基于Navier-Stokes方程的数值解,研究了一模型昆虫翼在小雷诺数(Re=100)下作非定常运动时的气动力特性.这些运动包括翼启动后的常速转动,快速加、减速转动,常速转动中快速上仰(模拟昆虫翼的上挥或下拍、翻转等运动).有如下结果在小雷诺数下,模型昆虫翼以大攻角(α=35°)作常速转动运动时,由于失速涡不脱落,可产生较大的升力系数.其机理是翼转动时,翼尖附近(该处线速度大)上翼面压强比翼根附近(该处线速度小)的小得多,因而存在展向压强梯度,同时存在着沿展向的离心力,此展向压强梯度和离心力导致的展向流动在失速涡的轴向方向,其可避免失速涡脱落.模型昆虫翼在快速加、减速转动和快速上仰运动中,虽然雷诺数小,但由于在短时间内产生了大涡量,也可产生十分大的气动力,例如在快速上仰运动中,升力系数可大于10.     

Random Attractor Associated with the Quasi-Geostrophic Equation

We study the long time behavior of the solutions to the 2D stochastic quasi-geostrophic equation on \({\mathbb {T}}^2\) driven by additive noise and real linear multiplicative noise in the subcritical case (i.e. \(\alpha >\frac{1}{2}\)) by proving the existence of a random attractor. The key point for the proof is the exponential decay of the \(L^p\)-norm and a boot-strapping argument. The upper semicontinuity of random attractors is also established. Moreover, if the viscosity constant is large enough, the system has a trivial random attractor.