量子计算的进展和展望

该文主要介绍了量子计算机研究的历史和现状.强调发展大规模的量子计算和实现强关联多体系统的量子模拟,是当前量子计算研究的主流.文章主体部分主要介绍了量子计算机硬件研究方面的进展,主要聚焦于几个具有qubit可集成性的量子系统:量子点系统、超导约瑟夫森结系统、离于阱系统、腔量子电动力学系统,作为实现量子计算机的最主要的候选系统,上述方向的研究吸引了国际上研究量子计算的最主要的力量.我们调研了在这些系统中,在qubit表征,操控方面最具代表性的进展,以及在实现大规模量子计算道路上的困难,和可能的解决办法.     

费恩曼与量子计算机

介绍了费恩曼对计算机科学的思考、费恩曼量子计算机理论以及北航在量子信息领域的研究.费恩曼曾做过一系列关于量子计算机科学的演讲,提出通过量子机制可在原子尺度上实现通用计算机,开创了量子计算机和纳米科技等领域.     

约瑟夫森效应与超导量子电路的基本物理原理

超导电路器件是为数不多的具有量子化能级、叠加态和纠缠等量子特性的宏观器件。这种具有宏观量子特性的器件为实现超导量子计算与组建超导量子计算机打下了硬件基础,2019年谷歌和2021年我国中国科技大学相继实现"量子霸权(Quantum supremacy)"极大地增加了人们在近期构建超导量子计算机的信心。了解超导量子计算有利于增加对物理学前沿发展方向的把握,对非物理专业的理工科背景读者开阔思路也有一定的好处。不同于经典的超导物理教材力图全面的特点,本文根据超导量子计算物理特征和理解超导量子计算的知识背景要求介绍超导量子电路的核心物理原理,力图化简计算推导难度,突出物理图景,以期对超导量子计算建立一个原理层面上的简洁物理图像。     

量子信息讲座续讲 第一讲 量子计算中的因子分解

因子分解对所有的现行计算机而言是难解的 .这是现在通用的公共加密系统的基础 .文章介绍了在量子计算机上进行的Shor量子算法 ,即利用量子态的相干叠加和纠缠特性以及量子逻辑门实现量子计算的方法 ;并着重从理论原理和实验实现这两方面说明利用余因子函数和离散傅里叶变换使这种量子算法对因子分解是有效的 .     

量子计算的进展和展望

该文主要介绍了量子计算机研究的历史和现状。强调发展大规模的量子计算和实现强关联多体系统的量子模拟,是当前量子计算研究的主流。文章主体部分主要介绍了量子计算机硬件研究方面的进展,主要聚焦于几个具有qubit可集成性的量子系统:量子点系统、超导约瑟夫森结系统、离子阱系统、腔量子电动力学系统,作为实现量子计算机的最主要的候选系统,上述方向的研究吸引了国际上研究量子计算的最主要的力量。我们调研了在这些系统中,在qubit表征、操控方面最具代表性的进展,以及在实现大规模量子计算道路上的困难,和可能的解决办法。     

量子算法的NMR实现方法

量子计算机是一种以量子耦合方式进行信息处理的装置[1 ] 。原则上 ,它能利用量子相干干涉方法以比传统计算机更快的速度进行诸如大数的因式分解、未排序数据库中的数据搜索等工作[2 ] 。建造大型量子计算机的主要困难是噪音、去耦和制造工艺。一方面 ,虽然离子陷阱和光学腔实验方法大有希望 ,但这些方法都还没有成功实现过量子计算。另一方面 ,因为隔离于自然环境 ,核自旋可以成为很好的“量子比特” ,可能以非传统方式使用核磁共振 (NMR)技术实现量子计算。本文介绍一种用NMR方法实现量子计算的方法 ,该方法能够用比传统方法少的步骤解决一个纯数学问题。基于该方法的简单量子计算机使用比传统计算机使用更少的函数“调用”判断一未知函数的类别。     

量子算法与量子计算实验

从量子体系的基本特性出发 ,介绍了量子计算的基本概念和物理背景 ,系统阐述了几种主要的量子算法以及量子计算在实验方面的发展现状。对比经典计算机 ,讨论了量子计算机的优越性、实现量子计算的困难和以期克服的途径。     

固态量子计算的若干重要物理问题研究

量子计算机拥有比经典计算机更为强大的计算能力．人们普遍认为量子计算机最终将会在固态系统中实现．文章介绍了一些有关固态量子计算的研究进展，其中包括超导电荷量子比特方案、几何量子计算、量子点量子比特及量子计算若干基本问题研究．最后给出了固态量子计算的发展趋势．     

量子算法与量子计算实验

从量子体系的基本特性出发,介绍了量子计算的基本概念和物理背景,系统阐述了几种主要的最子算法以及量子计算在实验方面的发展现状。 对比经典计算机,讨论了量子计算机的优越性、实现量子计算的困难和以期克服的途径。     

量子信息讲座读讲 第一讲 量子计算中的因子分解

因子分解对所有的现行计算机而言是难解的。这是现在通用的公共加密系统的基础。文章介绍了在量子计算机上的进行的Shor量子算法,即利用量子态的相干叠加和纠缠特性以及量子逻辑门实现量子计算的方法;并着重从理论原理和实验实现忱两方面说明利用余因子函数和离散傅里叶变换使这种量子算法对因子分解是有效的。     

Increasing Quantum Correlations Based on Measurement-Induced Disturbance via a Swapping Procedure with Two-Qubit Mixed States

In this paper, quantum correlation (QC) swapping for certain separable two-qubit mixed states is treated. A QC quantifier, measurement-induced disturbance (MID) (Luo in Phys Rev A 77:022301, 2008), is employed to characterize and quantify QCs in the relevant states. Properties of all QCs in the swapping process are revealed. Particularly, it is found that MID can be increased through QC swapping for certain separable two-qubit mixed states.     

基于单原子的量子计算机

介绍了量子计算机的最新发展状况。对实现量子计算机的各种实验方法作了简介和比较。特别是详细介绍了最近Ｋａｎｅ提出的一种方案，并提出了一种新的用扫描隧道显微镜实现基于单原子的量子计算机方案。     

Protecting Qutrit Quantum Coherence

High dimensional quantum system plays a vital role in quantum information processing. However, decoherence induced by the coupling between quantum system and environment often destroys quantum resource. In this paper, we study the dynamics and protection of qutrit quantum coherence (QC) under amplitude damping (AD) decoherence. We propose two schemes to protect QC. We find that the first scheme can not always protect QC and the second scheme has prominent advantage over the first scheme. In addition, better protection requires lower success probability (SP).     

EIT-based quantum memory for single photons from cavity-QED

We investigate the feasibility of implementing an elementary building block for quantum information processing. The combination of a deterministic single photon source based on vacuum stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (V-STIRAP), and a quantum memory based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic vapour is outlined. Both systems are able to produce and process temporally shaped wavepackets which provide a way to maintain the indistinguishability of the photons. We also propose an efficient and robust ‘repeat-until-success’ quantum computation scheme based on this hybrid architecture.     

Ion trapping for quantum information processing

In this paper we have reviewed the recent progresses on the ion trapping for quantum information processing and quantum computation. We have first discussed the basic principle of quantum information theory and then focused on ion trapping for quantum information processing. Many variations, especially the techniques of ion chips, have been investigated since the original ion trap quantum computation scheme was proposed. Full two-dimensional control of multiple ions on an ion chip is promising for the realization of scalable ion trap quantum computation and the implementation of quantum networks.      

Stabilizing distinguishable qubits against spontaneous decay by detected-jump correcting quantum codes

A new class of error-correcting quantum codes is introduced capable of stabilizing qubits against spontaneous decay arising from couplings to statistically independent reservoirs. These quantum codes are based on the idea of using an embedded quantum code and exploiting the classical information available about which qubit has been affected by the environment. They are immediately relevant for quantum computation and information processing using arrays of trapped ions or nuclear spins. Interesting relations between these quantum codes and basic notions of design theory are established.     

Quantum teleportation for continuous variables and related quantum information processing

Quantum teleportation is one of the most important subjects in quantum information science. This is because quantum teleportation can be regarded as not only quantum information transfer but also a building block for universal quantum information processing. Furthermore, deterministic quantum information processing is very important for efficient processing and it can be realized with continuous-variable quantum information processing. In this review, quantum teleportation for continuous variables and related quantum information processing are reviewed from these points of view.     

Toward an architecture for quantum programming

It is becoming increasingly clear that, if a useful device for quantum computation will ever be built, it will be embodied by a classical computing machine with control over a truly quantum subsystem, this apparatus performing a mixture of classical and quantum computation. This paper investigates a possible approach to the problem of programming such machines: a template high level quantum language is presented which complements a generic general purpose classical language with a set of quantum primitives. The underlying scheme involves a run-time environment which calculates the byte-code for the quantum operations and pipes it to a quantum device controller or to a simulator. This language can compactly express existing quantum algorithms and reduce them to sequences of elementary operations; it also easily lends itself to automatic, hardware independent, circuit simplification. A publicly available preliminary implementation of the proposed ideas has been realised using the language.Received: 25 June 2002, Published online: 30 July 2003PACS: 03.67.Lx Quantum computation     

Nature computes: information processing in quantum dynamical systems

Nature intrinsically computes. It has been suggested that the entire universe is a computer, in particular, a quantum computer. To corroborate this idea we require tools to quantify the information processing. Here we review a theoretical framework for quantifying information processing in a quantum dynamical system. So-called intrinsic quantum computation combines tools from dynamical systems theory, information theory, quantum mechanics, and computation theory. We will review how far the framework has been developed and what some of the main open questions are. On the basis of this framework we discuss upper and lower bounds for intrinsic information storage in a quantum dynamical system.     

Continuous-variable quantum information processing with squeezed states of light

We investigate experiments of continuous-variable quantum information processing based on the teleportation scheme. Quantum teleportation, which is realized by a two-mode squeezed vacuum state and measurement-and-feedforward, is considered as an elementary quantum circuit as well as quantum communication. By modifying ancilla states or measurement-and-feedforwards, we can realize various quantum circuits which suffice for universal quantum computation. In order to realize the teleportation-based computation we improve the level of squeezing, and fidelity of teleportation. With a high-fidelity teleporter we demonstrate some advanced teleportation experiments, i.e., teleportation of a squeezed state and sequential teleportation of a coherent state. Moreover, as an example of the teleportation-based computation, we build a QND interaction gate which is a continuous-variable analog of a CNOT gate. A QND interaction gate is constructed only with ancillary squeezed vacuum states and measurement-and-feedforwards. We also create continuous-variable four mode cluster type entanglement for further application, namely, one-way quantum computation.