基于两个正交一维物体的单幅图像相机标定

提出了一种利用两个正交一维物体构成"T"型靶标进行摄像机标定的新方法。该方法只需对"T"型靶标上已知坐标的5点投影一幅图像,然后根据柔性靶标原理计算出由虚点和标记点组成的共直线的4点,由射影变换同素性、接合性以及交比不变性标定出镜头的一阶径向畸变参数。利用已知畸变参数对图像进行畸变校正,然后由基于两个正交一维物体坐标变换的方法即可标定出相机的内外参数。该方法线性求解镜头畸变参数,避免了传统方法非线性迭代优化过程中产生的参数耦合现象。实验表明,不进行镜头畸变校正则相机标定精度随着图像噪声的增加呈不稳定状态;进行畸变校正后对简单标定计算的初始值进行优化得到稳定的高精度标定结果。整个实验设备简单,操作方便,只需一幅图像即可实现镜头畸变和相机内外参数的标定,可以达到实时的效果。     

利用预失真条纹校正PMP系统投影仪畸变的研究

依据摄像机畸变模型提出了一种投影条纹相位畸变校正方法来简化相位-高度映射关系.该方法首先通过投两套互相垂直的相移正弦条纹,以相位值代替投影仪像素坐标,将投影仪当成摄像机看待,标定出投影仪的内参量.然后根据标定出的投影仪镜头畸变参量对理想相位施加反向的畸变,在投影时反向畸变的光栅通过镜头畸变,又成为理想的光栅,从而简化了相位-高度映射关系.实验中,虽然由于测量误差的影响,校正后的投影仪径向畸变系数还是比原来小了1个数量级.     

利用预失真条纹校正PMP系统投影仪畸变的研究*

依据摄像机畸变模型提出了一种投影条纹相位畸变校正方法来简化相位-高度映射关系.该方法首先通过投两套互相垂直的相移正弦条纹,以相位值代替投影仪像素坐标,将投影仪当成摄像机看待,标定出投影仪的内参量.然后根据标定出的投影仪镜头畸变参量对理想相位施加反向的畸变,在投影时反向畸变的光栅通过镜头畸变,又成为理想的光栅,从而简化了相位-高度映射关系.实验中,虽然由于测量误差的影响,校正后的投影仪径向畸变系数还是比原来小了1个数量级.     

CCD摄像机图像中心两种标定方法的应用研究

应用两种方法对CCD摄像机的图像中心进行标定;其中直接光学方法根据因镜头畸变造成的像素点在像面水平和垂直两个方向上分布的对称性得到图像中心;基于镜头畸变的透视投影方法利用具有精确定位点阵的平面模板及其在不同方位所成图像,标定出摄像机的内外参量,其中包含图像中心.标定过程考虑了两种主要的镜头畸变.针对某型摄像机及镜头,试验得出关于两种方法的适用性和优缺点,并验证了后一种方法的强收敛性.     

CCD摄像机图像中心两种标定方法的应用研究

应用两种方法对CCD摄像机的图像中心进行标定;其中直接光学方法根据因镜头畸变造成的像素点在像面水平和垂直两个方向上分布的对称性得到图像中心;基于镜头畸变的透视投影方法利用具有精确定位点阵的平面模板及其在不同方位所成图像,标定出摄像机的内外参量,其中包含图像中心.标定过程考虑了两种主要的镜头畸变.针对某型摄像机及镜头,试验得出关于两种方法的适用性和优缺点,并验证了后一种方法的强收敛性.     

大视场短焦距镜头CCD摄像系统的畸变校正

从光学测量角度出发,结合计算机视觉中的摄像机标定方法,解决了大视场短焦距镜头CCD摄像系统的畸变校正问题。与摄像机标定不同,畸变校正中仅标定内部参数,外部参数作为已知条件。采用线性畸变模型,由最小二乘法解线性方程组得到摄像系统畸变模型的畸变系数。介绍了数字图像中像素间距和光学中心的标定方法。通过比较由标定参数得到的畸变图像和摄像机采集的畸变图像对实验标定精度进行评定,实验结果表明边缘视场(112°)的标定精度达到了0 75%。     

基于DLT模型的摄像机标定简化方法

在忽略摄像机镜头畸变误差的情况下,通过建立像坐标系与物坐标系,利用DLT模型,结合最优化算法的标定方法和两步法,由于在物坐标系中平面物体的任意一点在Z轴上的分量为0,减少变量数至5个,从而推导出一种简化的摄像机标定方法.借助实例,在文中建立的2个命题的基础上,通过对圆的切线、切线交点及所成像的几何关系确定的的坐标进行参数求解,得到确定模型的二维像和三维像.此外,考虑到更为一般的情况,引入畸变误差(径向误差),对模型先忽略误差项,得到初始参数值,然后利用迭代方法求解.     

基于共线向量的非量测镜头畸变校正

针对传统摄像机标定算法中摄像机内外参数与镜头畸变之间存在耦合,提出了一种将镜头畸变从摄像机参数中分离出来单独求解的算法。算法基于"三维空间中的直线经过遵循透视模型的相机投影,在相机平面上仍是直线"这一基本属性。对于无畸变图像,直线上任意两特征点构成的共线向量外积应为零向量。利用非线性优化方法求解畸变参数,讨论了畸变中心与畸变系数之间的耦合性。设计了一种畸变校正效果评估方法,证明了结果的正确性。完成畸变校正后,摄像机的内外参数可线性求解。实验表明,该方法仅需一张图片即可完成所有摄像机参数的求解,提高了标定效率,且稳定度高,精度与传统标定方法相当。     

移动特征靶标的摄像机径向畸变标定

针对成像测量系统中镜头径向畸变影响测量精度的问题,提出了一种基于物面移动同心圆特征靶标的径向畸变标定方法。该方法先将固定在二维精密平台上的同心圆靶标置于垂直物面的特定位置,然后采集靶标图像,同时用最小二乘法以拟合得到的圆直径为条件,按一定方式移动特征靶标,直到拟合值达到极值或者在一定误差范围内。记录该幅图像,则其拟合得到的圆心坐标便是畸变中心,同时利用该幅图像,根据等差值半径和摄像机成像模型的半径的成像关系求出其畸变多项式系数。为提高特征靶标的移动效率,提出了坐标轮换最优化移动的方案。实验结果表明,该方法对畸变中心的标定精度可达0.6pixel,畸变多项式系数有效数字重复误差小于0.02,并可实现两者的一靶标定,且利用该法获得的参数能实现对畸变图像的准确校正。     

一种成像测量图像径向几何畸变的校正方法

通过对具有径向畸变的摄像机模型的分析,设计了一套求解图像径向几何畸变中心和畸变多项式系数的方案。首先,依据校正样板曲线的弯曲程度应用一元线性回归法和逐次逼近法求取光学图像的几何畸变中心,然后应用递推最小二乘法求解径向几何畸变的多项式系数,最后根据所得到的畸变中心和畸变多项式系数对图像进行校正得到满足要求的图像。仿真试验证明:该方法可以通过一次采集单幅图像对成像系统进行高精度标定,能够对成像测量系统的径向几何畸变进行一定精度的校正。实践证明:该方法通过图像处理的方法提高成像测量系统的精度,降低了系统的设计成本,可以作为成像测量系统中单独标定摄像机畸变参数的一种简单有效的方法。     

Using the camera pin-hole model restrictions to calibrate the lens distortion model

Camera calibration required the computation of camera pin-hole and lens distortion models. The lens distortion is estimated alone or together with the pin-hole model, by using some existing lens distortion non-metric or self-calibration methods. If both models are computed together, then the models are adjusted to training data, but not to real camera. This is because both pin-hole and lens distortion models are coupled. If they are computed separately, difficulties arise since calibration of lens distortion alone is an unstable process. To improve existing camera calibration methods, this paper proposes a metric calibration method to compute lens distortion separately from the pin-hole model. This method is solved under stable conditions, independently of the computed lens distortion model, since pin-hole and distortion models are computed separately. Images of a planar template are used. First, using distorted control points extracted from images, a set of undistorted points which fits in the pin-hole model are computed. Second, with distorted and undistorted control points, lens distortion is calibrated by using a metric calibration process.     

Accuracy evaluation of optical distortion calibration by digital image correlation

Due to its convenience of operation, the camera calibration algorithm, which is based on the plane template, is widely used in image measurement, computer vision and other fields. How to select a suitable distortion model is always a problem to be solved. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an experimental evaluation of the accuracy of camera distortion calibrations. This paper presents an experimental method for evaluating camera distortion calibration accuracy, which is easy to implement, has high precision, and is suitable for a variety of commonly used lens. First, we use the digital image correlation method to calculate the in-plane rigid body displacement field of an image displayed on a liquid crystal display before and after translation, as captured with a camera. Next, we use a calibration board to calibrate the camera to obtain calibration parameters which are used to correct calculation points of the image before and after deformation. The displacement field before and after correction is compared to analyze the distortion calibration results. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of two commonly used industrial camera lenses for four commonly used distortion models.     

采用广角数码相机测量图像显示系统的几何畸变

准确地测量含有广角耦合物镜的图像显示系统的几何畸变是实现图像显示系统几何畸变数字校正的前提和关键。提出了一种以非量测广角数码相机为测量设备的几何畸变的测量方法，首先给出了广角数码相机镜头畸变的标定方法，确定了数码相机镜头畸变系数，然后讨论了基于广角数码相机和Photoshop软件进行图像显示系统几何畸变测量的测量方法，分析了影响测量精度的因素。最后，将本文的测量结果与基于点物成像原理，采用单轴转台和普通数码相机进行测量的测量结果进行了对比，二者吻合得较好。从测量结果看，本文给出的测量方法，其测量精度可以满足工程要求，简单、易行。     

CCD摄像机径向畸变的校准方法

提出了一种CCD摄像机的径向畸变的校准方法,这种方法简单实用,适合于对短焦距摄像机的径向畸变进行校准,能有效地修正由径向畸变带来的误差．     

Calibration and correction of lens distortion for two-dimensional digital speckle correlation measurement

Lens distortion practically presents in optical imaging system using in two-dimensional digital speckle correlation measurement (2D-DSCM) system, and gives rise to additional errors in the displacement and strain measurement. Camera calibration procedure is performed to obtain the coefficients of radial distortion and tangential distortion. The corrected displacement fields can be calculated using the distortion coefficient. The influence of distortion on displacement and strain measurement errors in experiment is further discussed. The three-point bending test result shows that the camera lens calibration method can effectively eliminate the effect of lens distortion and improve displacement and strain measurement accuracy.     

A calibration method of lens distortion for line scan cameras

We present a practical method to calibrate the lens distortion in line scan cameras. The distortion correction software based on this method has been designed and implemented in the digital protection of cultural relics. In this paper, a lens distortion model which applies to line scan cameras is derived from the widely used array camera distortion model. Then, a new calibration method which utilizes the imaging characteristic of equidistant collinear feature points is proposed to calibrate the model. Experiment results show the proposed calibration method is stable and effective.     

A camera calibration method for large field optical measurement

A camera calibration method is presented for large field optical measurement, where the camera is close to the ground and the control points can only be located close to the ground, too. In such conditions, the camera's optical center and the control points are approximately coplanar. Only a single image of these control points captured by the camera in measurement state is used in the method. Neither to distribute the control points in space rationally nor to calibrate the camera's intrinsic parameters in laboratory in advance is needed. By the presented method, the camera's principal point position, focal length, radial and transverse tangency lens distortion coefficients, and the camera's position and attitude parameters can be estimated precisely. Then the calibration results can be used for precise large field optical measurement in the conditions that the camera's longitudinal tangency lens distortion can be neglected or the objects’ movement field is close to the ground, which is usually factual in practical applications. The presented camera calibration method has been successfully used in applications, such as automatic landing of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) based on optical measurement guidance, to calibrate the cameras precisely.     

Accurate calibration for a camera–projector measurement system based on structured light projection

The accurate calibration for a camera–projector measurement system based on structured light projection is important to the system measurement accuracy. This study proposes an improved systematic calibration method focusing on three key factors: calibration model, calibration artifact and calibration procedures. The calibration model better describes the camera and projector imaging process by considering higher to fourth order radial and tangential lens distortion. The calibration artifact provides a sufficient number of accurate 3D reference points uniformly distributed in a common world coordinate system. And the calibration procedures calibrate the camera and projector simultaneously based on the same reference points to eliminate the influences of the camera calibration error on the projector calibration. The experiments demonstrate that our calibration method can improve the measurement accuracy by 47%.